| English Name | Botanical Name | More Info |
|---|---|---|
| AGRIMONY | Agrimonia eupatoria L. | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Aggregant (1; CRC; PH2; ZUL); Antibacterial (1; FNF); Antidiabetic (1; APA); Antiinflammatory (1; BIS); Antipyretic (1; CRC); Antiseptic (1; APA); Astringent (2; APA; KOM); Antiviral (1; APA; PNC); Candidicide (1; APA); Cholagogue (1; PNC); Depurative (f; CRC); Diuretic (1; PNC); Emmenagogue (f; CRC); Fungicide (1; APA); Hemostat (1; PH2); Hypoglycemic (1; APA); Litholytic (f; CRC); Sedative (f; CRC); Stomachic (f; WBB); Tonic (1; APA; CRC; PNC); Uricolytic (1; CAN); Vermifuge (1; CRC; WBB; ZUL); Vulnerary (f; CRC). Indications: Acne (f; CRC); Anthrax (f; WBB; ZUL); Asthma (f; CRC); Bacteria (1; FNF; ZUL); Bile (f; ZUL); Bleeding (1; CRC; PH2; ZUL); Bronchosis (f; CRC); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, bladder (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, face (f; JLH); Cancer, ganglion (f; JLH); Cancer, groin (f; JLH); Cancer, joint (f; JLH); Cancer, kidney (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, sinew (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Candida (1; APA); Carcinoma (f; JLH); Cholecystosis (f; APA); Cholelithiasis (f; ZUL); Cholestasis (f; PH2); Cold (f; CRC; WBB); Condyloma (f; CRC; JLH); Congestion (f; APA); Corn (f; CRC; JLH); Cystosis (f; JLH); Decubitis (f; CRC); Dermatosis (2; APA; CAN; KOM); Diabetes (1; APA); Diarrhea (2; APA; FAD; KOM); Dysentery (1; FNF); Dyspepsia (1; CAN; KOM); Eczema (f; PH2); Enterosis (f; CRC; PH2); Enuresis (f; PH2); Eruption (f; CRC); Fever (1; CRC; FAD); Fungus (1; APA); Gastrosis (f; CAN; KOM); Gastroduodenosis (f; CAN); Gastroenterosis (1; APA; BIS); Gout (f; CRC; FAD); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC; APA); Hematuria (1; CRC); Hepatosis (f; APA; FAD; JLH; WO3); Hyperglycemia (1; APA); Icterus (f; ZUL); Infection (1; APA); Inflammation (1; BIS); Insomnia (f; CRC); Jaundice (f; CRC); Kernel (f; JLH); Kidney Stone (f; APA); Metrorrhagia (1; CRC); Mucososis (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Mycosis (1; APA); Nephrosis (f; JLH; PH2); Nervousness (f; CRC); Neuralgia (f; CRC); Neurosis (f; CRC); Porphyria (f; CAN); Pharyngosis (2; FAD; KOM; PHR; PH2); Psoriasis (f; PH2); Rash (1; APA); Rheumatism (f; CRC); Scirrhus (f; JLH); Sclerosis (f; CRC); Scrotum (f; CRC); Seborrhea (f; PH2); Sinew (f; CRC); Snakebite (f; CRC); Sore (1; APA; JLH); Sore Throat (1; APA; CRC); Splenosis (f; CRC; JLH); Stomatosis (2; KOM; PHR); Stone (f; CRC); Tuberculosis (f; CRC; ZUL); Tumor (f; CRC); Ulcer (1; APA); Uterosis (f; JLH); Varicosis (1; APA); Virus (1; APA; PNC); Wart (f; CRC; JLH); Water Retention (1; PNC); Worm (1; CRC; FAD; PH2; WBB; ZUL); Wound (1; APA; JLH; PH2); Yeast (1; APA). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). None known (Kom; PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Excessive doses may interact with anticoagulant, hypotensive, and hypertensive therapies. As with other tannin-rich herbs, “excessive use†should be avoided. In view of the lack of toxicity data, use of agrimony should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation. Reportedly affects the menstrual cycle (CAN). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). None known (Kom; PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Excessive doses may interact with anticoagulant, hypotensive, and hypertensive therapies. As with other tannin-rich herbs, “excessive use†should be avoided. In view of the lack of toxicity data, use of agrimony should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation. Reportedly affects the menstrual cycle (CAN). |
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| AIR PLANT, TREE OF LIFE | Bryophyllum pinnatum | |
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Synonyms: Kalanchoe pinnata Pers. Actions: Analgesic (1; TRA); Antiaggregant (1; TRA); Antibacterial (1; TRA); Anticancer (1; AAB); Antiedemic (1; TRA); Antiinflammatory (1; AAB; TRA); Antiplaque (1; TRA); Antiprostaglandin (1; TRA); Antiseptic (1; TRA); Antispasmodic (1; TRA); Antitussive (1; TRA); Choleretic (1; TRA); Cicatrizant (1; TRA); Cytotoxic (1; TRA); Diuretic (1; TRA); Emollient (f; JFM); Expectorant (f; JFM); Fungicide (1; AAB; TRA); Hemostat (f; JFM); Immunomodulator (1; TRA); Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor (1; TRA); Panacea (f; AAB); Spasmogenic (1; TRA); Vasoconstrictor (1; TRA); Vulnerary (f; JFM). Indications: Athlete’s Foot (1; AAB); Bacteria (1; TRA); Bleeding (f; JFM); Boil (f; JFM); Bronchosis (f; IED); Bruise (f; AAB; JFM); Bug Bite (f; JFM); Cancer (1; AAB); Cold (f; TRA); Colitis (1; TRA); Congestion (f; JFM); Conjunctivosis (f; JFM); Cough (f; TRA); Cramp (1; TRA); Debility (f; AAB); Dermatosis (f; JFM); Dysmenorrhea (1; TRA); Dysuria (f; JFM); Enterosis (1; IED; TRA); Fever (f; IED); Flu (f; AAB); Fracture (f; IED); Fungus (1; AAB; TRA); Gonorrhea (f; JFM); Headache (f; IED; JFM; TRA); Heartburn (f; IED); Infection (1; AAB; JFM; TRA); Inflammation (1; AAB; TRA); Mastosis (f; AAB); Migraine (f; IED); Mycosis (1; AAB; TRA); Ophthalmia (f; JFM); Otosis (f; JFM); Pain (1; TRA); Pulmonosis (f; JFM); Sore (1; TRA); Sore Throat (f; AAB); Sprain (f; AAB); Swelling (1; AAB; TRA); Urethrosis (f; JFM); VD (f; JFM); Water Retention (1; TRA); Wound (1; AAB; TRA). Dosage: Do not use more than 15 days in a row. Not for pregnant, puerperal, or lactating mothers or small children (TRA). Contraindications: Do not use more than 15 days in a row. Not for pregnant, puerperal, or lactating mothers or small children (TRA). |
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| AIR POTATO | Dioscorea bulbifera | |
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Synonyms: Dioscorea latifolia Benth. Actions: Alexeteric (f; DAV); Alterative (f; KAB; KAP); Analgesic (1; TRA); Anorectic (1; KAP); Antidote (f; DAV); Antiinflammatory (f; DAV); Antipyretic (1; DAA; DEP; TRA); Antiseptic (f; WBB); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB); Astringent (f; KAB); Bitter (1; KAB); Candidicide (f; WBB); Detoxicant (f; DAA); Diuretic (f; DAV; WBB); Expectorant (f; DAA; KAB); Hemolytic (1; WBB); Hemostat (f; DAV); Hypoglycemic (1; TRA); Lipogenic (f; KAB); Molluscicide (1; TRA); Piscicide (1; WBB); Stomachic (f; KAB); Tonic (f; KAB); Vermifuge (f; KAB). Indications: Abscess (f; TRA); Anorexia (f; KAB); Asthma (f; KAB); Biliousness (f; KAB); Bleeding (f; DAV); Boil (f; WBB; DAA); Bronchosis (f; KAB); Cancer (f; DAV; KAB; JLH); Cancer, cervix (f; DAA); Cancer, colon (f; DAA); Cancer, stomach (f; DAA); Candida (f; DAA; WBB); Cervisosis (f; JLH); Complexion (f; KAB); Conjunctivosis (f; DAA; WBB); Diarrhea (f; DAA; WBB); Dysentery (f; DAV; KAP; WBB); Dyspepsia (f; KAB); Dysuria (f; KAB); Enterosis (f; DAA; KAB); Fever (1; DAA; DAV; DEP; TRA); Gastrosis (f; DAA); Goiter (f; DAA); Gonorrhea (f; DAA); Hemorrhoid (f; KAB; KAP; WBB); Hernia (f; DAA); Hyperglycemia (1; TRA); Infection (f; DAA); Inflammation (f; DAA; DAV; TRA); Leukoderma (f; KAB); Pain (1; KAB; TRA); Snakebite (f; DAA); Sore (f; DAV; KAB; KAP; WBB); Sore Throat (f; DAA); Strangury (f; KAB); Swelling (f; DAA); Syphilis (f; DAA; DAV; KAP; WBB); Thyroma (f; DAA); Tumor (f; DAV); VD (f; DAA; KAP); Water Retention (f; DAV; WBB); Worm (f; KAB); Yeast (f; DAA; WBB). Dosage: Contraindications: |
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| AJOWAN, BISHOP’S WEED | Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill | |
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Synonyms: Ammi copticum L., Carum ajowan ined., Carum copticum (L.) C. B. Clarke, Sison ammi L., T. copticum (L.) Link Actions: Antioxidant (1; WOI); Antipyretic (f; KAB); Antiseptic (f; DEP); Antispasmodic (f; KAB; SUW); Aperitif (f; KAB); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB); Bitter (f; KAB); Cardiodepressant (1; WOI); Carminative (f; KAB; SUW); Catabolic (f; MBB); Detoxicant (f; MBB); Diaphoretic (f; MBB); Diuretic (f; KAB; SUW); Emmenagogue (f; KAB); Expectorant (f; KAB); Fungicide (1; WOI); Gastrorelaxant (1; MPI); Gastrostimulant (1; MPI); Hypotensive (1; WOI); Lactagogue (f; KAB); Laxative (f; KAB); Litholytic (f; MBB); Parasympathomimetic (1; WOI); Sialagogue (f; DEP); Spasmogenic (1; MPI); Stimulant (f; KAB; SUW); Stomachic (f; KAB); Tonic (f; KAB; SUW); Vermifuge (1; KAB). Indications: Anorexia (f; KAB); Arthrosis (f; MBB); Ascites (f; KAB); Asthma (f; MBB; WOI); Atony (f; KAB); Bacteria (1; WOI); Boil (f; KAB); Bronchosis (f; MBB; WOI); Cachexia (f; SKJ); Cancer (f; KAB); Cancer, abdomen (f; KAB); Cardiopathy (f; KAB); Cholera (f; DEP; KAB); Cold (f; DEP); Colic (f; DEP; SUW); Congestion (f; MBB); Cough (f; KAB; MBB; WOI); Cramp (f; DEP; KAB; SUW); Debility (f; KAB); Diarrhea (f; KAB); Dipsomania (f; DEP); Dyspepsia (f; DEP; KAB; SUW); Edema (f; MBB); Emphysema (f; WOI); Enterosis (f; KAB); Epilepsy (f; SKJ); Escherichia (1; WOI); Fever (f; KAB; MBB); Flu (f; MBB); Fungus (1; WOI); Gas (f; KAB; SUW); Gastrosis (f; KAB); Hemorrhoid (f; KAB); Hepatosis (f; KAB); Hiccup (f; KAB); High Blood Pressure (1; WOI); Hysteria (f; DEP); Infection (1; DEP; WOI); Inflammation (f; KAB); Laryngosis (f; MBB); Mycosis (1; WOI); Nausea (f; KAB); Nematode (f; KAB); Nephrosis (f; KAB); Ophthalmia (f; KAB); Pain (f; KAB); Paralysis (f; KAB); Pneumonia (f; WOI); Rheumatism (f; DEP); Salmonella (1; WOI); Sinusosis (f; MBB); Snakebite (f; KAB); Sore (f; SKJ); Sore Throat (f; DEP); Splenosis (f; KAB); Stone (f; MBB); Syncope (f; DEP); Toothache (f; KAB); VD (f; SKJ); Water Retention (f; KAB; SUW); Worm (1; KAB; KAP); Wound (f; SKJ). Dosage: EO fungitoxic at 500 ppm (FFJ4(1) 1:1), also spasmogenic (MPI). Rich in thymol, which could impart many of its biological activities. Contraindications: EO fungitoxic at 500 ppm (FFJ4(1) 1:1), also spasmogenic (MPI). Rich in thymol, which could impart many of its biological activities. |
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| AKEE APPLES, SESO VEGETAL, ACKEE | Blighia sapida K. D. Koenig | |
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Synonyms: Cupania sapida J. Voigt Actions: Analgesic (f; CRC); Antidote (f; CRC); Antiemetic (f; CRC); Antipyretic (f; CRC); Poison (f; CRC); Stimulant (f; CRC); Stomachic (f; CRC); Vulnerary (f; CRC). Indications: Cancer, breast (f; CRC); Cancer, testicle (f; CRC); Cold (f; CRC); Conjunctivosis (f; CRC); Dysentery (f; CRC); Edema (f; CRC); Epilepsy (f; CRC); Fever (f; CRC); Migraine (f; CRC); Ophthalmia (f; CRC); Orchosis (f; CRC); Pain (f; CRC); Pyorrhea (f; CRC); Smallpox (f; CRC); Sore (f; CRC); Tumor (f; CRC); Ulcer (f; CRC); Vomiting (f; CRC); Yaws (f; CRC); Yellow Fever (f; CRC). Dosage: Used as a fish poison. Contains the potentially useful but toxic hypoglycemic agents, cyclopropanoid amino acids, hypoglycin A, and hypoglycin B. Akee poisoning has been reported to be fatal in 2 hours. The bitter reddish raphe should be picked out as the fruit opens on the tree. Damaged, unripe, or fallen fruits should not be eaten. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, a quiescent period with drowsiness and sleep, followed 3 or 4 hours later with intense vomiting, and lastly, convulsions, coma, and death. Contraindications: Used as a fish poison. Contains the potentially useful but toxic hypoglycemic agents, cyclopropanoid amino acids, hypoglycin A, and hypoglycin B. Akee poisoning has been reported to be fatal in 2 hours. The bitter reddish raphe should be picked out as the fruit opens on the tree. Damaged, unripe, or fallen fruits should not be eaten. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, a quiescent period with drowsiness and sleep, followed 3 or 4 hours later with intense vomiting, and lastly, convulsions, coma, and death. |
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| ALBIZZIA, SIRIS | Albizia lebbeck (L. | |
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Synonyms: Acacia lebbek (L.) Willd., Mimosa lebbeck L. Actions: Antiallergic (2; KEB); Antianaphylactic (1; KEB); Antiasthmatic (2; KEB); Antibacterial (1; KEB); Antibronchitic (1; KEB); Antihistaminic (1; KEB); Antiseptic (1; KEB); Antispasmodic (1; KEB); Antitubercular (f; WO2); Astringent (f; WO2); Cardiotonic (f; KEB); Fungicide (1; KEB); Hypocholesterolemic (2; KEB); Insecticide (f; WO2); Mast-Cell Stabilizer (1; KEB); Positive Inotropic (2; KEB); Tonic (f; WO2). Indications: Allergy (2; KEB); Anaphylaxis (1; KEB); Asthma (2; KEB); Bacteria (1; KEB); Boil (f; SKJ); Bronchosis (f; WO2; KEB); Carbuncle (f; SKJ); Cramp (1; KEB); Dermatosis (1; KEB); Diarrhea (f; SKJ); Dysentery (f; SKJ); Eczema (2; KEB); Fungus (1; KEB); Gingivosis (f; SKJ); Gonorrhea (f; SKJ); Hemorrhoid (f; SKJ); High Cholesterol (2; KEB); Infection (1; KEB); Leprosy (f; WO2); Mycosis (1; KEB); Nephrosis (2; KEB); Night Blindness (f; SKJ); Swelling (f; SKJ); Urticaria (2; KEB). Dosage: Contraindications: |
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| ALEXANDRIAN SENNA | Senna alexandrina Mill. | |
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Synonyms: Cassia acutifolia Delile, C. angustifolia Vahl, C. lanceolata Forssk., C. senna L. Actions: Antidysenteric (f; WHO); Antileukemic (1; CAN); Antispasmodic (f; PED); Bitter (f; PED); Carminative (f; WHO); Expectorant (f; WHO); Fungicide (1; JAD); Hepatoprotective (1; CAN); Laxative (1; BGB; PH2; PIP; SKY); Mutagenic (1; BGB); Peristaltic (1; PED; WHO). Indications: Anemia (f; PH2); Cancer (f; JLH); Constipation (2; BGB; KOM; PH2; PIP; SKY; WHO); Cramp (f; PED); Dermatosis (f; WHO); Dysentery (1; WHO); Dyspepsia (f; WHO); Enterosis (f; PH2); Fever (f; PH2; WHO); Fungus (1; JAD); Gas (f; WHO); Gonorrhea (f; WHO); Hemorrhoid (f; BGB; PIP; WHO); Hepatosis (1; CAN; PH2); Infection (1; JAD); Jaundice (f; PH2); Leukemia (1; CAN); Mycosis (1; JAD); Ringworm (1; JAD); Splenosis (f; PH2); Typhoid (f; PH2); Wound (f; WHO). Dosage: Class 2b, 2c, 2d (AHP). Commission E and other sources report interaction of anthranoid laxatives (AEH). Anthranoid-containing laxatives can be habit-forming. Some contain compounds suspected of being cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and even tumorigenic. Epidemiological studies in Germany reveal that abusers of anthranoid laxatives have three times higher rate of colon carcinoma. One woman developed clubbing of her digits and hypertropic osteoarthropathy after taking at least three tablets daily for 3 years for weight loss. She also experienced several months of secondary amenorrhea. Of senna leaf, Blumenthal et al. lists abdominal pain of unknown origin, acute intestinal inflammation (e.g., Crohn’s disease and colitis ulcerosa), and appendicitis as contraindications. Because of the anthraquinones, nonstandardized preparations should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation (CAN). “Anthraquinones may be secreted into breast milk†(CAN). Should not be used in lactation, pregnancy, or with children under 12 years old (KOM). Occasional cramp-like discomfort of the GI tract may require dosage reduction (KOM). Side effects with chronic abuse: disturbance of electrolyte balance, especially hypokalemia (may be exacerbated by simultaneous administration of corticoadrenal steroids, licorice root, or thiazide diuretics), leading to cardiopathy, muscular weakness especially with concurrent uses of cardiac glycosides, corticosteroids, or diuretics (KOM). Pigmentation of the intestinal mucosae (pseudomelanosis coli) is harmless and usually reverses on discontinuation of the drug. Laxative like this should not be used more than 1–2 weeks without medical advice (KOM). CAN report anthraquinones are purgative and irritate GI tract. Also contraindicated in hemorrhoids and nephropathy (CAN), intestinal obstruction, abdominal pain of unknown causes, any enterosis (appendicitis, colitis, Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome) hemorrhoids, nephropathy, menstruation (AHP). Do not use more than 8–10 days (AHP). Do not use this in case of abdominal pain or diarrhea. Consult a health care provider prior to use in pregnancy or nursing. Discontinue use if diarrhea or watery stools occur. Not for long term use (AHP). “Some herbal laxative preparations, such as cascara and senna for example, can cause an increase in the potency of digoxin†(D’epiro, 1997). Pedersen (1998) cautions against taking the fresh leaf (we have done that in Peru with modest laxative results). “Senna causes gripping unless taken in combination with carminative herbs such as ginger, cloves, or various mint species.†Although GRAS, senna can be more habit-forming than cascara (PED). Lininger et al. (1998) pronounce it “safe for children over the age of six†(half the adult dose) (SKY). I’d be more cautious. Contraindications: Class 2b, 2c, 2d (AHP). Commission E and other sources report interaction of anthranoid laxatives (AEH). Anthranoid-containing laxatives can be habit-forming. Some contain compounds suspected of being cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and even tumorigenic. Epidemiological studies in Germany reveal that abusers of anthranoid laxatives have three times higher rate of colon carcinoma. One woman developed clubbing of her digits and hypertropic osteoarthropathy after taking at least three tablets daily for 3 years for weight loss. She also experienced several months of secondary amenorrhea. Of senna leaf, Blumenthal et al. lists abdominal pain of unknown origin, acute intestinal inflammation (e.g., Crohn’s disease and colitis ulcerosa), and appendicitis as contraindications. Because of the anthraquinones, nonstandardized preparations should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation (CAN). “Anthraquinones may be secreted into breast milk†(CAN). Should not be used in lactation, pregnancy, or with children under 12 years old (KOM). Occasional cramp-like discomfort of the GI tract may require dosage reduction (KOM). Side effects with chronic abuse: disturbance of electrolyte balance, especially hypokalemia (may be exacerbated by simultaneous administration of corticoadrenal steroids, licorice root, or thiazide diuretics), leading to cardiopathy, muscular weakness especially with concurrent uses of cardiac glycosides, corticosteroids, or diuretics (KOM). Pigmentation of the intestinal mucosae (pseudomelanosis coli) is harmless and usually reverses on discontinuation of the drug. Laxative like this should not be used more than 1–2 weeks without medical advice (KOM). CAN report anthraquinones are purgative and irritate GI tract. Also contraindicated in hemorrhoids and nephropathy (CAN), intestinal obstruction, abdominal pain of unknown causes, any enterosis (appendicitis, colitis, Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome) hemorrhoids, nephropathy, menstruation (AHP). Do not use more than 8–10 days (AHP). Do not use this in case of abdominal pain or diarrhea. Consult a health care provider prior to use in pregnancy or nursing. Discontinue use if diarrhea or watery stools occur. Not for long term use (AHP). “Some herbal laxative preparations, such as cascara and senna for example, can cause an increase in the potency of digoxin†(D’epiro, 1997). Pedersen (1998) cautions against taking the fresh leaf (we have done that in Peru with modest laxative results). “Senna causes gripping unless taken in combination with carminative herbs such as ginger, cloves, or various mint species.†Although GRAS, senna can be more habit-forming than cascara (PED). Lininger et al. (1998) pronounce it “safe for children over the age of six†(half the adult dose) (SKY). I’d be more cautious. |
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| ALFALFA | Medicago sativa L. | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Abortifacient (f; MAD); Alterative (f; PED); Antiatherosclerotic (1; APA); Antibacterial (1; CRC; WOI); Antiinflammatory (f; APA); Antipyretic (f; PED); Antiscorbutic (1; CRC); Antispasmodic (f; PED); Antithrombic (f; PED); Aperitif (f; CRC; SKY); Bitter (f; PED); Cardiotonic (f; CRC); Choleretic (1; PNC); Cyanogenic (f; CRC); Deobstruent (f; CRC); Depurative (f; CRC; PED); Digestive (1; PED); Diuretic (1; CRC; PED; PH2); Ecbolic (f; CRC); Emetic (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (1; CRC; FNF; UPW); Estrogenic (1; CRC; FAD; SKY); Fungicide (1; FAD); Hemolytic (f; APA); Hemostat (f; FAD); Hypocholesterolemic (f; CAN; PED); Hypoglycemic (f; PED); Lactagogue (1; CRC; FNF; UPW); Stimulant (f; CRC); Stomachic (f; CRC; PED); Tonic (f; CRC; PED). Indications: Alcoholism (f; FAD); Allergy (f; APA); Anorexia (f; CRC; FAD; SKY); Arthrosis (f; APA; CRC; FAD; MAD); Asthma (f; APA); Atherosclerosis (1; APA); Bacteria (1; CRC; FNF; WOI); Bleeding (f; FAD); Blood Clot (f; APA; PED); Boil (f; CRC); Cancer (f; FAD; JLH); Cholecystosis (f; APA); Cough (f; CRC); Cramp (f; PED); Debility (1; CAN); Diabetes (1; APA; CAN; FAD; MAD; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; APA); Dysuria (f; CRC; PED); Enterosis (f; CRC); ERT (1; FAD; FNF; SKY); Fever (f; CRC; PED); Fungus (1; FAD); Gall Bladder (1; PNC); Gastrosis (f; CRC); Gravel (f; CRC); Halitosis (1; FNF); High Cholesterol (1; APA; CAN; PED; PNC); Hyperglycemia (f; PED); Hypoprothrombinaemic Purpura (1; CAN); Indigestion (1; PED); Induration (f; MAD); Infection (1; FAD); Inflammation (f; APA); Mycosis (1; FAD); Myxedema (f; MAD); Nephrosis (f; APA; CRC); Ophthalmia (f; MAD); Otosis (f; DEM); Poor Milk Supply (1; FAD; FNF); Prostatosis (1; APA; FNF); Rheumatism (f; PED; MAD); Swelling (f; MAD); Thrombosis (f; PED); Thyroidosis (f; PHR; PH2); Water Retention (1; CRC; PED; PH2); Wound (f; MAD); Yeast (1; CAN). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). PHR is too kind with their usual template. None known with proper dosage (which they don’t define) (PH2). Stachydrine and l-homostachydrine, in the seeds, may be emmenagogue and lactogenic. One patient died from listerosis after ingesting contaminated alfalfa tablets (LRNP, March 1991). Seeds and/or sprouts may contain 13,000 ppm canavanine, which may be implicated in hypocomplementenemia, lupus, and pancytopenia. Canavanine, a toxic amino acid, may cause systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome (CAN). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like manifestations, skin reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, raised serum urate levels are symptoms that have been associated with alfalfa use in humans. Seeds should not be ingested during pregnancy or lactation (CAN). May cause stomach upset and diarrhea. Believed by some herbalists to be helpful in delaying absorption of cholesterol and dissolving plaque deposits on arterial walls (TMA). Consumption of alfalfa tablets contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes was linked to a fatal case of listerosis. One case of allergic reaction (from contamination with grass pollen) in alfalfa tablets has been reported (SF2). Flatulence, abdominal discomfort, loose stools, diarrhea, and loss of appetite may result from ingesting large amounts of alfalfa seeds (120 g/day). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). PHR is too kind with their usual template. None known with proper dosage (which they don’t define) (PH2). Stachydrine and l-homostachydrine, in the seeds, may be emmenagogue and lactogenic. One patient died from listerosis after ingesting contaminated alfalfa tablets (LRNP, March 1991). Seeds and/or sprouts may contain 13,000 ppm canavanine, which may be implicated in hypocomplementenemia, lupus, and pancytopenia. Canavanine, a toxic amino acid, may cause systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome (CAN). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like manifestations, skin reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, raised serum urate levels are symptoms that have been associated with alfalfa use in humans. Seeds should not be ingested during pregnancy or lactation (CAN). May cause stomach upset and diarrhea. Believed by some herbalists to be helpful in delaying absorption of cholesterol and dissolving plaque deposits on arterial walls (TMA). Consumption of alfalfa tablets contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes was linked to a fatal case of listerosis. One case of allergic reaction (from contamination with grass pollen) in alfalfa tablets has been reported (SF2). Flatulence, abdominal discomfort, loose stools, diarrhea, and loss of appetite may result from ingesting large amounts of alfalfa seeds (120 g/day). |
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| ALISMA | Alisma plantago-aquatica L. | |
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Synonyms: Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. Actions: Antidote, opium (f; WO2); Antipyretic (f; DAA); Astringent (f; GMH; LMP); Diaphoretic (f; DAA; GMH); Diuretic (2; DAA; FAD; GMH; WO3); Hemostat (f; GMH); Hepatoprotective (1; PEP; WO3); Hypocholesterolemic (f; PEP; PH2); Hypoglycemic (f; PEP; PH2); Hypotensive (1; PH2; WO3); Irritant (1; FAD); Lactagogue (f; LMP); Lipotropic (f; PEP); Litholytic (f; WO2); Natriuretic (f; PEP); Rubefacient (1; FAD); Sterilant (f; DAA); Stomachic (f; LMP); Tonic (f; LMP); Vulnerary (f; WO2). Indications: Aphrodisiac (f; DAA); Ascites (f; DAA); Back (f; DEM); Beriberi (f; DAA); Bleeding (f; GMH); Bruise (f; FAD; GMH; WO2); Calculus (f; GMH); Cancer (f; WO2); Cancer, stomach (f; WO2); Cardiopathy (f; DEM); Catarrh (f; FAD); Childbirth (f; DEM); Cholecystosis (f; PHR); Chyluria (f; DAA); Constipation (f; DEM); Cramp (f; DEM); Cystosis (f; DAA); Debility (f; DEM); Diabetes (f; DAA; LMP); Diarrhea (f; FAD); Dropsy (f; DAA; LMP); Dysentery (f; GMH; WO2); Dysuria (1; DAA; FAD); Edema (1; DAA; FAD); Enterosis (f; DAA); Epilepsy (f; GMH); Fever (f; DAA; GMH); Flu (f; DEM); Frigidity (f; DAA); Gastrosis (f; DEM; WO2); Gonorrhea (f; DAA); Gout (f; WO2); Gravel (f; FAD; GMH); Heartburn (f;DEM); Hematuria (f; DAA); Hepatosis (1; WO3); High Blood Pressure (1; PH2; WO3); High Cholesterol (f; PEP; PH2); Hydrophobia (f; WO2); Hyperglycemia (f; PEP; PH2); Induration (f; WO2); Infertility (f; DAA); Inflammation (f; WO2); Kidney Stone (f; DAA); Leprosy (f; DAA); Leukemia (f; WO2); Nephrosis (f; DAA); Obesity (f; PEP); Polyuria (f; DAA); Rhinosis (f; FAD); Snakebite (f; GMH); Sore (f; WO2); Stomachache (f; DEM); Stone (f; DAA; WO2); Swelling (f; DAA; FAD; GMH); Toothache (f; WO2); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Urethrosis (f; PHR); UTI (f; PHR; WO3); VD (f; DAA; LMP); Venosis (f; DEM); Vertigo (f; WO3); Water Retention (2; DAA; FAD; GMH; WO3); Wound (f; FAD; WO2). Dosage: Class 2d. Prolonged use may cause GI irritation and gastroenterosis (AHP). Doses 20–40 times higher than clinical dose hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in rats (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Rhizome, most often used as a diuretic, should not be used when there is a clear, thin vaginal discharge. May cause more than usual excretion of sodium and urea in healthy subjects (TMA). LD50 = >4 g/kg orl mouse (LMP). Contraindications: Class 2d. Prolonged use may cause GI irritation and gastroenterosis (AHP). Doses 20–40 times higher than clinical dose hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in rats (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Rhizome, most often used as a diuretic, should not be used when there is a clear, thin vaginal discharge. May cause more than usual excretion of sodium and urea in healthy subjects (TMA). LD50 = >4 g/kg orl mouse (LMP). |
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| ALKANET, ALKANNA, DYER’S ALKANET | Alkanna tinctoria Tausch | |
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Synonyms: A. lehmanii (Tineo) A. DC., A. tuberculata (Forssk.) Meikle, Anchusa bracteolata Viv., A. tuberculata Forssk., Lithospermum lehmanii Tineo Actions: Amebicide (1; FNF); Antibacterial (1; PHR); Antiseptic (1; PH2; PNC); Astringent (1; LAF; PNC); Candidicide (1; PHR; PH2); Carcinogenic (1; FNF; PHR; PH2); CNSDepressant (1; FNF); Curare (1; FNF); Emollient (f; EFS); Genotoxic (1; CAN; FNF); Hepatotoxic (1; CAN; PHR; PH2); Immunomodulator (1; LAF); Immunosuppressant (1; LAF); Neurotoxic (1; FNF); Paralytic (1; FNF); Vulnerary (f; BIS; PNC). Indications: Abscess (f; LAF); Ameba (1; FNF); Bacteria (1; PH2); Burn (1; FNF); Cancer (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; FNF; JLH); Candida (1; PHR; PH2); Decubitis (1; FNF); Dermatosis (f; PHR; PH2); Diarrhea (f; PHR; PH2); EBV (1; FNF); Indolent Ulcer (1; PH2; PNC); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (1; FNF); Leukemia (1; FNF); Snakebite (f; PNC); Sore (1; LAF); Staphylococcus (1; PH2); Ulcus cruris (2; PHR); Uterosis (f; JLH); Virus (1; FNF); Wound (1; PH2); Yeast (1; PHR; PH2). Dosage: AHP Class 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. Longterm use discouraged. Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Effective July 1996, the AHP Board of Trustees recommends that all products with botanical ingredient(s) that contain toxic PAs, including Borago officinalis, display the following cautionary statement on the label: “For external use only. Do not apply to broken or abraded skin. Do not use when nursing†(AHP). PAs are genotoxic, carcinogenic, and hepatotoxic (CAN). Due to the PAs, alkanet use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (JAD). Consolicine & Consolidine: CNS-Paralytic (3 × cynoglossine) (PHR). Dietary alkannin for 15 weeks at 1% of diet nontoxic in mice (LAF). Shikonin immunomodulatory at low doses, immunosuppressant at high doses. Contraindications: AHP Class 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. Longterm use discouraged. Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Effective July 1996, the AHP Board of Trustees recommends that all products with botanical ingredient(s) that contain toxic PAs, including Borago officinalis, display the following cautionary statement on the label: “For external use only. Do not apply to broken or abraded skin. Do not use when nursing†(AHP). PAs are genotoxic, carcinogenic, and hepatotoxic (CAN). Due to the PAs, alkanet use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (JAD). Consolicine & Consolidine: CNS-Paralytic (3 × cynoglossine) (PHR). Dietary alkannin for 15 weeks at 1% of diet nontoxic in mice (LAF). Shikonin immunomodulatory at low doses, immunosuppressant at high doses. |
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