Herbal Medicine Reference

Synonyms: Arundo phragmites L., A. vulgaris Lam., P. communis Trin., P. communis var. longivalvis (Steud.) Miq., P. longivalvis Steud., P. vulgaris (Lam.) Crép., P. vulgaris var. longivalvis (Steud.) W. Wight.

Actions: Antiemetic (f; WOI); Diaphoretic (f; EFS; HHB; JFM; PH2; WOI); Diuretic (f; EFS; HHB; JFM; PH2); Emetic (f; DEM); Expectorant (f; DEM); Litholytic (f; JFM).

Indications: Bite (f; PH2); Boil (f; DEM); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH; PH2); Carbuncle (f; DEM); Dermatosis (f; DEM); Diabetes (f; HHB; PH2; WOI); Diarrhea (f; DEM); Dropsy (f; EFS); Fever (f; EFS; HHB; JFM; PH2; WOI); Fracture (f; DEM; WOI); Gastrosis (f; DEM); Gout (f; EFS); Induration (f; JLH); Kidney Stone (f; JFM); Leukemia (f; HHB; JLH; PH2); Pneumonia (f; DEM); Pulmonosis (f; DEM); Rheumatism (f; EFS; WOI); Stone (f; JFM); Vomiting (f; WOI); Water Retention (f; EFS; HHB; JFM; PH2).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD).

Synonyms: Marsdenia reichenbachii Triana

Actions: Alterative (f; CRC; PNC); Analgesic (f; CRC); Antiemetic (f; PH2); Antisarcomic (1; HH2); Antiseptic (f; CRC); Antitumor (1; HH2; PHR; PNC); Aperitif (1; PH2; PNC); Bitter (1; PH2); Convulsant (f; CRC); Diuretic (f; CRC); Gastrotonic (2; HH2; KOM; PH2); Hemostat (f; CRC); Nervine (f; CRC); Paralytic (1; CRC); Sialagogue (2; HH2; KOM; PH2); Stomachic (1; CRC; PNC); Tonic (f; CRC).

Indications: Adenopathy (f; CRC); Anorexia (2; CRC; KOM; PHR; PH2; PNC); Atonia (f; PH2); Beriberi (f; CRC); Bite (f; CRC); Bleeding (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; HH2; PHR; PNC); Cancer, breast (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, epithelium (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, esophagus (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, face (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, lip (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, neck (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, pylorus (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, skin (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; FNF; JLH; PH2); Cancer, uterus (1; FNF; JLH); Carcinoma (1; CRC); Catarrh (f; HHB); Dermatosis (f; PH2); Dyspepsia (2; PHR); Epithelioma (f; JLH); Gastrosis (f; CRC; PH2); Lymph (f; CRC); Nausea (f; PH2); Pain (f; CRC); Proctosis (f; PH2); Rheumatism (f; CRC); Sarcoma (1; CRC); Snakebite (f; CRC); Stomachache (f; HHB); Stomatosis (f; PH2); Syphilis (f; CRC);Tumor (1; HH2; PHR; PNC); Ulcer (f; HHB); VD (f; CRC); Vomiting (f; PH2); Water Retention (f; CRC).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). No side effects reported during therapeutic use (AEH; PHR).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). No side effects reported during therapeutic use (AEH; PHR).

Synonyms: Chonemorpha antidysenterica (Roxb. ex Fleming) G. Don, Echites antidysenterica Roth, Holarrhena antidysenterica (Roxb. ex Fleming) Wall. ex A. DC., H. febrifuga Klotzsch.

Actions: Amebicide (1; WOI); Anesthetic (1; WOI); Anthelminthic (1; KAP; WOI); Antidysenteric (1; WOI); Antiinflammatory (f; KAB); Antipyretic (1; KAP; SUW; WOI); Antispasmodic (1; MPI); Antitubercular (f; WOI); Antiviral (f; MPI); Aperitif (f; KAB; SKJ); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB); Astringent (1; KAP; MPI; SUW; WOI); Cardiodepressant (1; MPI); Carminative (f; KAB; KAP; MPI); Diuretic (f; WOI); Hypoglycemic (1; MPI); Hypotensive (1; KAP; MPI); Lactagogue (f; KAB); Narcotic (f; WOI); Protisticide (1; WOI); Stomachic (1; KAP; MPI; WOI); Tonic (1; WOI); Vasodilator (1; MPI); Vulnerary (f; KAB).

Indications: Ameba (1; WOI); Amebiasis (1; MPI; WOI); Anorexia (f; KAB; SKJ); Asthma (f; KAB); Bite (f; MPI); Bleeding (1; WOI); Boil (f; MPI; WOI); Bronchosis (f; WOI); Cancer (1; MPI); Cholera (f; MPI); Colic (f; WOI); Constipation (f; MPI; SKJ); Cramp (1; MPI); Dermatosis (f; WOI); Diabetes (1; MPI); Diarrhea (1; SUW; WOI); Dropsy (f; SUW; WOI); Dysentery (1; KAP; MPI; SUW; WOI); Dysmenorrhea (f; KAB); Dyspepsia (f; WOI); Dysuria (f; SKJ); Epilepsy (f; SKJ); Epistaxis (1; WOI); Erysipelas (f; KAB); Fatigue (f; KAB); Fever (1; KAB; KAP; SUW; WOI); Gas (f; KAB; KAP; MPI); Gingivosis (f; KAB); Headache (f; KAB); Hematuria (f; MPI; SKJ); Hemorrhoid (f; KAB; WOI); High Blood Pressure (2; KAP; MPI); Hyperglycemia (1; MPI); Infertility (f; WOI); Inflammation (f; KAB); Jaundice (f; MPI); Leprosy (f; SKJ); Leukoderma (f; KAB; SKJ); Lumbago (f; KAB); Malaria (f; KAP); Menorrhagia (f; MPI); Myalgia (f; KAB); Pain (1; WOI); Parturition (f; KAB); Pulmonosis (f; WOI); Rhinosis (f; MPI); Snakebite (f; SKJ); Sore (f; WOI); Splenosis (f; SKJ; WOI); Spermatorrhea (f; MPI); Stomachache (f; MPI); Trichomoniasis (f; WOI); Toothache (f; WOI); Trypanosoma (1; MPI); Tuberculosis (1; WOI); Urethrosis (1; IWU); Virus (1; MPI); Water Retention (f; WOI); Worm (1; SKJ; SUW; WOI).

Dosage: Not covered (KOM; PHR; AHP; APA). Doses of conessine >500 mg day may induce GI distress, insomnia, restlessness, tremors, vertigo, possibly even death from central respiratory paralysis (WBB; WOI). LD50 (50% ethanolic fruit extract) = 250 mg/kg ipr mouse (MPI). LD50 (50% ethanolic sb extract) = 1000 mg/kg ipr mouse (MPI). With at least 18 alkaloids, is the conessine most important at 4000 ppm. Conessine increases coronary outflow in isolated animal tissues. Induces narcosis in frogs and is locally anesthetic in guinea pigs, being “twice as active as cocaine.” Subcutaneous injections may induce necrosis. Conessine has antiamebic activities comparable to emetine.

Contraindications: Not covered (KOM; PHR; AHP; APA). Doses of conessine >500 mg day may induce GI distress, insomnia, restlessness, tremors, vertigo, possibly even death from central respiratory paralysis (WBB; WOI). LD50 (50% ethanolic fruit extract) = 250 mg/kg ipr mouse (MPI). LD50 (50% ethanolic sb extract) = 1000 mg/kg ipr mouse (MPI). With at least 18 alkaloids, is the conessine most important at 4000 ppm. Conessine increases coronary outflow in isolated animal tissues. Induces narcosis in frogs and is locally anesthetic in guinea pigs, being “twice as active as cocaine.” Subcutaneous injections may induce necrosis. Conessine has antiamebic activities comparable to emetine.

Synonyms:

Actions: Antibacterial (1; HH2); Antisarcomic (1; HH2); Antiseptic (1; HH2; PH2); Antitumor (1; PH2); Antiulcer (1; HH2; PH2); Candidicide (1; HH2); Cytotoxic (1; PH2); Embryotoxic (1; HH2); Fungicide (1; HH2); Teratogenic (1; HH2).

Indications: Acne (f; HH2); Alcoholism (f; PH2); Anemia (f; PH2); Asthma (f; PH2); Bacteria (1; HH2); Cancer (1; HHB; JLH; PH2); Cancer, breast (1; HH2); Cancer, head (1; HH2); Cancer, ovary (1; HH2); Cancer, skin (1; HHB; JLH; PH2); Cancer, throat (1; HH2); Candida (1; HH2); Dermatosis (1; HHB; JLH; PH2); Duodenosis (f; HH2); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Eczema (f; HH2; PH2); Enterosis (f; PH2); Escherichia (1; HH2); Fatigue (f; PH2); Fungus (1; HH2); Gas (f; PH2); Gastrosis (f; HH2; PH2); Hodgkin’s Disease (1; HH2); Hyperacidity (f; PH2); Infection (1; HH2; PH2); Infection (1; HH2); Inflammation (f; PH2); Leukemia (1; FNF; HH2); Lymphoma (1; HH2); Melanoma (1; FNF; HH2); Mycosis (1; HH2); Ophthalmia (f; PH2); Pain (f; PH2); Salmonella (1; HH2); Shigella (1; HH2); Sore (f; HH2; PH2); Staphylococcus (1; HH2); Streptococcus (1; HH2); Swelling (f; PH2); Tumor (1; PH2); Ulcer (1; HH2; PH2); Yeast (1; HH2).

Dosage: “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Maytansines embryotoxic and teratogenic. Not for use during pregnancy. Maytenin antiseptic, antimelanomic, antitumor, and antiulcer, especially against basal cell carcinoma (PH2). Prevents ulcers in animals and humans (PH2).

Contraindications: “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Maytansines embryotoxic and teratogenic. Not for use during pregnancy. Maytenin antiseptic, antimelanomic, antitumor, and antiulcer, especially against basal cell carcinoma (PH2). Prevents ulcers in animals and humans (PH2).

Synonyms:

Actions: Alexeteric (f; EFS); Antipyretic (f; JFM); Aperitif (f; JFM); Diaphoretic (f; HHB; PH2); Diuretic (f; HHB); Emmenagogue (f; JFM); Stimulant (f; EFS; PH2); Tonic (f; JFM).

Indications: Anorexia (f; JFM); Bite (f; JFM); Cancer (f; HHB; JLH); Cholera (f; JFM); Cold (f; JFM); Colic (f; JFM); Cough (f; EFS); Dermatosis (f; JFM); Diarrhea (f; HHB); Dysentery (f; HHB); Dyspepsia (f; JFM); Epilepsy (f; JFM); Fever (f; HHB; JFM; PH2); Fracture (f; IED); Gastrosis (f; EFS); Malaria (f; HHB); Measles (f; JFM); Smallpox (f; JFM); Snakebite (f; HHB; PH2); Tetanus (f; JFM); Toothache (f; JFM); Typhoid (f; JFM); Typhus (f; HHB); Water Retention (f; HHB); Wound (f; HHB).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Furanocoumarins may trigger phototoxicity.

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Furanocoumarins may trigger phototoxicity.

Synonyms:

Actions: Antibacterial (1; PH2); Antiseptic (1; JAD; PH2); Carminative (f; JAD); Diuretic (f; JAD); Emetic (f; JAD); Expectorant (f; JAD); Laxative (f; JAD); Hydragogue (f; JAD); Stimulant (f; JAD); Urinary Antiseptic (1; PH2).

Indications: Bacteria (1; PH2); Bronchosis (f; JAD); Catarrh (f; JAD); Chilblain (f; JAD); Constipation (f; JAD); Cystosis (f; JAD; MAD); Dermatosis (f; DAW); Diarrhea (f; JAD); Dropsy (f; JAD; MAD); Dysuria (f; MAD); Eczema (f; DAW); Fever (f; MAD); Gas (f; JAD); Gonorrhea (f; DAW; JAD; MAD); Hemorrhoid (f; JAD; MAD); Inflammation (f; PH2); Kidney Sone (1; PH2); Leukorrhea (f; JAD); Mucososis (f; PH2); Pulmonosis (f; MAD; PH2); Psoriasis (f; MAD); Rheumatism (f; MAD); UTI (1; PH2); VD (F; JAD; MAD); Water Retention (f; JAD).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). Five grams can cause stomach pain (PH2). Large doses are laxative and emetic; causing strangury, bloody urine, and fever. The resin irritates the entire mucous membrane, imparting a peculiar odor to the urine and breath; causes an eruption resembling measles, attended with irritation and tingling (JAD).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). Five grams can cause stomach pain (PH2). Large doses are laxative and emetic; causing strangury, bloody urine, and fever. The resin irritates the entire mucous membrane, imparting a peculiar odor to the urine and breath; causes an eruption resembling measles, attended with irritation and tingling (JAD).

Synonyms:

Actions: Analgesic (f; CRC); Antipyretic (f; CRC); Antiseptic (f; DAV); Antitussive (f; DAV); Diaphoretic (f; DAV); Hallucinogen (1; CRC); Narcotic (1; CRC); Vermifuge (f; CRC).

Indications: Beriberi (f; CRC); Boil (f; CRC); Cancer (f; CRC); Cold (f; DAV); Dermatosis (f; DAV); Fever (f; CRC; DAV); Fracture (f; CRC); Headache (f; DAV); Hematuria (f; CRC); Hepatosis (f; CRC); Infection (f; DAV); Malaria (f; CRC; DAV); Migraine (f; DAV); Mycosis (f; DAV); Pain (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; CRC); Toothache (f; CRC); Worm (f; CRC); Wound (f; CRC).

Dosage: “Seeds contain the alkaloid erythralin. Erysodine, erysonine, erysopine, erysothiopine, erysothiovine, erysovine, and erythraline are also reported. Those species containing indoles and isoquinolines are classed as narcotics, capable of inducing hallucinogenic stupor” (CRC).

Contraindications: “Seeds contain the alkaloid erythralin. Erysodine, erysonine, erysopine, erysothiopine, erysothiovine, erysovine, and erythraline are also reported. Those species containing indoles and isoquinolines are classed as narcotics, capable of inducing hallucinogenic stupor” (CRC).

Synonyms:

Actions: Antipyretic (f; PH2); Diaphoretic (f; PH2); Sedative (f; PH2).

Indications: Cold (f; PH2); Fever (f; PH2); Insomnia (f; PH2); Nervousness (f; PH2).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Synonyms:

Actions: Alexeteric (f; BIB); Anaphrodisiac (f; HHB); Antibacterial (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Antiedemic (1; APA); Antiimplantation (1; APA); Antiinflammatory (1; PNC); Antimutagenic (1; APA); Antiseptic (1; PH2); Antispasmodic (1; BGB; HHB; PHR; PH2); Aperitif (2; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; APA); Carminative (1; APA; HHB; PHR; PH2); Contraceptive (f; APA); Digestive (1; BGB; BIB); Diuretic (1; APA; BIB); Emmenagogue (f; BIB); Fungicide (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Gastrogogue (1; PH2); Hypoglycemic (1; APA; PNC); Hypotensive (f; APA); Larvicide (1; APA; PNC); Lipolytic (1; BGB; LAF); Myorelaxant (1; APA); Pectoral (f; BIB); Sedative (f; BIB); Stimulant (1; BGB; BIB); Stomachic (1; BGB; BIB; HHB); Tonic (f; BIB).

Indications: Ameba (f; PH2); Anorexia (2; APA; KOM; PH2); Arthrosis (f; BIB; HHB); Bacteria (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Biliousness (f; BIB); Bleeding (f; PH2); Body Odor (f; APA); Cancer (1; APA; JLH); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, sinew (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Cardiopathy (f; BIB); Catarrh (f; BIB); Chickenpox (f; PH2; SKJ); Childbirth (f; PH2); Cholecystosis (f; PHR); Colic (f; HHB); Condyloma (f; JLH); Cough (f; PHR; PH2); Cramp (1; BGB; BIB; HHB; PHR; PH2); Cystosis (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; PHR; PH2); Diarrhea (f; APA; HHB); Dysentery (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Dyspepsia (2; APA; HHB; KOM; PH2); Dysuria (f; PH2); Edema (f; PH2); Enterosis (2; BGB; PHR; PH2); Epistaxis (f; PH2); Erotomania (f; BIB); Erysipelas (f; BIB); Fever (f; PHR; PH2); Fungus (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Gas (1; APA; BGB; HHB; PHR; PH2); Gastrosis (1; BGB; HHB; PHR); Halitosis (f; APA; PHR; PH2); Headache (f; BIB; PHR; PH2); Hemorrhoid (f; APA; PH2); Hernia (f; BIB); High Blood Pressure (f; APA); Hyperglycemia (1; APA; PNC); Hysteria (f; BIB); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Inflammation (1; PNC); Insomnia (f; BIB); Intoxication (f; BIB); Kernel (f; JLH); Leprosy (f; PHR; PH2); Measles (f; APA; PH2); Mycosis (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Nausea (f; BIB); Nervousness (f; BIB); Neuralgia (f; APA; BIB); Pain (f; PH2); Pharyngosis (f; PHR; PH2); Ptomaine (f; BIB); Puerperium (f; PHR); Rash (f; PHR; PH2); Rheumatism (f;HHB); Sclerosis (f; BIB); Scrofula (f; PH2); Snakebite (f; BIB); Splenosis (f; BIB); Stomachache (f; BIB); Stomatosis (f; PHR; PH2); Swelling (1; APA); Syphilis (f; BIB); Toothache (f; APA); Ulcer (f; BIB); Uterosis (f; JLH); VD (f; BIB); Vertigo (f; HHB; PH2); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (1; APA; BIB); Wen (f; JLH); Worm (f; APA).

Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). None known (KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). None known (KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Synonyms:

Actions: Hallucinogen (1; CRC); Hypnotic (f; CRC); Intoxicant (f; CRC); Mydriatic (f; CRC); Narcotic (1; CRC); Poison (f; CRC); Sedative (f; CRC); Stimulant (f; CRC).

Indications: Childbirth (f; CRC); Fatigue (f; CRC); Hunger (f; CRC); Insomnia (f; CRC); Nervousness (f; CRC); Ophthalmia (f; CRC); Pain (f; CRC).

Dosage: “Narcotic stimulant, secondarily a hallucinogen. Although the poisoned dreams of pituri represent a flirtation with death, they are preferred to the sting of harsh reality” (CRC). See belladonna alkaloid warnings and activities.

Contraindications: “Narcotic stimulant, secondarily a hallucinogen. Although the poisoned dreams of pituri represent a flirtation with death, they are preferred to the sting of harsh reality” (CRC). See belladonna alkaloid warnings and activities.