Herbal Medicine Reference

English Name	Botanical Name	More Info
CUPMOSS	Cladonia pyxidata
Synonyms: Actions: Antitussive (f; PH2); Expectorant (f; EFS; PH2). Indications: Bronchosis (f; PH2); Cough (f; EFS; PH2); Pertussis (f; EFS; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosagesâ€ (PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosagesâ€ (PH2).
CUP-PLANT	Silphium perfoliatum
Synonyms: Actions: Alterative (f; EFS; FEL); Analgesic (f; FAD); Antiemetic (f; DEM); Antispasmodic (f; FEL); Diaphoretic (f; EFS; PH2); Emetic (f; FAD); Emmenagogue (f; DEM); Restorative (f; EFS; FEL); Stimulant (f; FEL); Tonic (f; EFS; FEL; PH2). Indications: Ague (f; FEL); Amenorrhea (f; DEM); Backache (f; DEM; FAD); Bruise (f; FAD); Childbirth (f; DEM); Chest Ache (f; DEM; FAD); Cold (f; FAD); Cramp (f; FEL); Debility (f; FAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; DEM; FAD); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Fever (f; EFS; FAD; FEL; PH2); Halitosis (f; FEL); Headache (f; DEM); Head Cold (f; DEM; FAD); Hemoptysis (f; FAD); Hepatosis (f; FAD); Lumbago (f; DEM); Malaria (f; FEL); Menorrhagia (f; FAD); Neuralgia (f; FAD); Pain (f; DEM; FAD); Paralysis (f; DEM); Rheumatism (f; DEM; FAD); Splenosis (f; FAD); Ulcer (f; FAD); Vomiting (f; DEM). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosagesâ€ (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosagesâ€ (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD).
CURRYLEAF	Murraya koenigii
Synonyms: Bergera koenigii L., Chalcas koenigii (L.) Kurz. Actions: Alexeteric (f; KAB); Analgesic (f; KAB); Anthelminthic (f; KAB); Antibacterial (1; MPI; TAD); Antibilious (f; DEP); Antipyretic (f; DEP); Antiseptic (1; MPI); Antispasmodic (1; MPI); Antiulcer (1; TAD); Astringent (f; KAB); Carminative (f; DEP; WOI); Hypertensive (1; MPI); Hypoglycemic (1; MPI); Immunostimulant (1; WOI); Laxative (f; KAB); Phagocytotic (1; WOI); Protisticide (1; MPI); Stomachic (f; DEP; SKJ); Tonic (f; DEP; SKJ). Indications: Alexeteric (f; KAB); Analgesic (f; KAB); Anthelminthic (f; KAB); Antibacterial (1; MPI; TAD); Antibilious (f; DEP); Antipyretic (f; DEP); Antiseptic (1; MPI); Antispasmodic (1; MPI); Antiulcer (1; TAD); Astringent (f; KAB); Carminative (f; DEP; WOI); Hypertensive (1; MPI); Hypoglycemic (1; MPI); Immunostimulant (1; WOI); Laxative (f; KAB); Phagocytotic (1; WOI); Protisticide (1; MPI); Stomachic (f; DEP; SKJ); Tonic (f; DEP; SKJ). Dosage: Extracts (Curryleaf) — The 50% ethanolic extracts showed antiprotozoal activity against Entamoeba histolytica and antispasmodic activity on guinea pig ileum (no anticancer, antiviral, or CNS effects, nor hypolipemic activity). Aqueous extracts (= tea) of leaves hypoglycemic in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs (MPI). Aqueous extracts inhibit ethanol-induced stomach ulcers (TAD). Leaf EO antibacterial against B. subtilis (at 2000 ppm), C. pyogenes (at 2000 ppm), P. vulgaris, Pasteurella multicida, and Staphylococcus aureus (at 2000 ppm) (MPI). Leaf EO fungicidal against Aspergillus fumigatis, A. niger, Candida albicans (at 2000 ppm), C. tropicalis, and Microsporum gypseum (MPI). Ethanolic extract (leaf) active against Colletotrichum falcatum and Rhizoctonia solani (MPI). Contraindications: Extracts (Curryleaf) â€” The 50% ethanolic extracts showed antiprotozoal activity against Entamoeba histolytica and antispasmodic activity on guinea pig ileum (no anticancer, antiviral, or CNS effects, nor hypolipemic activity). Aqueous extracts (= tea) of leaves hypoglycemic in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs (MPI). Aqueous extracts inhibit ethanol-induced stomach ulcers (TAD). Leaf EO antibacterial against B. subtilis (at 2000 ppm), C. pyogenes (at 2000 ppm), P. vulgaris, Pasteurella multicida, and Staphylococcus aureus (at 2000 ppm) (MPI). Leaf EO fungicidal against Aspergillus fumigatis, A. niger, Candida albicans (at 2000 ppm), C. tropicalis, and Microsporum gypseum (MPI). Ethanolic extract (leaf) active against Colletotrichum falcatum and Rhizoctonia solani (MPI).
CYCLAMEN	Cyclamen europaeum
Synonyms: Actions: Aphrodisiac (f; EFS); Emetic (f; EFS); Emmenagogue (f; HHB); Laxative (f; EFS; WOI); Stimulant (f; EFS); Tonic (f; EFS); Toxic (f; EFS). Indications: Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, nostril (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Chlorosis (f; HHB); Constipation (f; EFS); CVI (f; HHB); Dysmenorrhea (f; HHB); Dyspepsia (f;PH2); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (f; JLH); Mastosis (f; HHB); Menorrhagia (f; HHB); Migraine (f; PH2); Neuralgia (f; HHB); Neurosis (f; PH2); Pain (f; HHB); PMS (f; PH2); Polyp (f; JLH); Rhinosis (f; JLH; HHB); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Splenosis (f; JLH). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). As little as 300 mg can lead to diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, and vomiting. Higher spasmogenic doses can cause asphyxiation (PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). As little as 300 mg can lead to diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, and vomiting. Higher spasmogenic doses can cause asphyxiation (PH2).
CYPRESS (MEDITERRANEAN)	Cupressus sempervirens
Synonyms: C. sempervirens var. stricta Aiton Actions: Anthelminthic (f; WOI); Antiseptic (f; EFS); Astringent (1; HHB); Diaphoretic (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS); Expectorant (1; EFS; PH2); Hemostat (f; EFS); Insectifuge (f; WOI); Pectoral (f; EFS); Stimulant (f; KAB); Vasoconstrictor (f; EFS). Indications: Bleeding (f; EFS); Bronchosis (f; HHB; PH2); Cold (f; PH2); Cough (f; PH2); Diarrhea (1; HHB); Fever (f; EFS); Hemorrhoid (1; HHB; KAB); Infection (f; EFS); Pertussis (f; EFS; WOI); Varicosis (1; HHB); Water Retention (f; EFS); Worm (f; HHB). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosagesâ€ (PH2) Large doses may irritate kidney (PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosagesâ€ (PH2) Large doses may irritate kidney (PH2).
CYPRESS SPURGE	Euphorbia cyparissias
Synonyms: Actions: Allergenic (1; PH2); Carcinogenic (1; PH2); Diuretic (f; PH2); Immunostimulant (1; PH2); Irritant (1; PH2); Laxative (1; PH2); Toxic (1; PH2). Indications: Acrochordon (f; JLH); Callus (f; JLH); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, face (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Constipation (f; PH2); Corn (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; PH2); Diarrhea (f; PH2); Eczema (f; HHB); Erysipelas (f; HHB); Gastrosis (f; JLH); Hepatosis (f; JLH); Immunodepression (1; PH2); Itch (f; HHB); Psoriasis (f; HHB); Respirosis (f; PH2); Stomachache (f; HHB); Toothache (f; PH2); Uterosis (f; JLH); Wart (f; PH2); Water Retention (f; PH2); Wen (f; JLH). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). Canadian regulations do not allow euphorbias in food (HHB). I too, think most of them are too dangerous to take. Ingenan esters are cocarcinogenic and proflammatory. Milk (“chyleâ€ in PH2) can cause blisters, burns, itch, and reddening (PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). Canadian regulations do not allow euphorbias in food (HHB). I too, think most of them are too dangerous to take. Ingenan esters are cocarcinogenic and proflammatory. Milk (“chyleâ€ in PH2) can cause blisters, burns, itch, and reddening (PH2).
DAFFODIL	Narcissus tazetta
Synonyms: Narcissus canaliculatus Guss. Actions: Abortifacient (f; CRC; HHB); Analgesic (f; BIB; CRC); Analeptic (1; FNF); Antiacetylcholinesterase (1; X10869205); Anticancer (1; CRC; FNF; X3802955); Antidote (f; BIB); Anti-HIV (1; X10934347); Antiinflammatory (f; CRC); Antileukemic (1; X3368194); Antimitotic (1; X5340258); Antipyretic (f; CRC); Antisyncytial (1; X11012085); Antiviral (1; CRC; HHB); Aphrodisiac (f; BIB); Cholinergic (1; FNF); Convulsant (1; DAA); Cytotoxic (1; CRC); Demulcent (f; BIB); Diuretic (f; CRC); Emetic (1; CRC; DEP; FNF); Hemaglutinant (1; X10945441); Laxative (f; CRC); Memorigenic (1; BRU; FNF); Neurotonic (1; FNF); Paralytic (1; DAA); Peristaltic (1; FNF); Poison (1; CRC; DAA); Sedative (1; FNF); Sialagogue (1; FNF). Indications: Abscess (f; CRC; DAA); Alzheimerâ€™s (1; FNF; X10869205); Boil (f; CRC); Bronchosis (f; HHB); Cancer (1; CRC; FNF; HHB; X3802955); Cancer, breast (1; BIB; FNF); Cancer, ear (1; BIB; FNF); Cancer, lung (1; X3802955); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Constipation (f; CRC); Cramp (f; HHB); Dermatosis (f; CRC); Diarrhea (f; HHB); Dysentery (f; HHB); Epilepsy (f; BIB); Esophagosis (f; CRC); Fever (f; CRC); Fit (f; BIB); Headache (f; DEP); HIV (1; X10934347); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (f; CRC; DAA); Insomnia (1; FNF); Itch (f; CRC); Leukemia (1; X3368194); Mastosis (f; CRC); Myasthenia (1; FNF); Nervousness (1; FNF); Neurosis (1; FNF); Ophthalmia (f; CRC); Pain (f; BIB; CRC; DAA); Pertussis (f; HHB); Polio (1; ABS); Rhinosis (f; HHB); Sclerosis (f; BIB); Sinew (f; JLH); Sore (f; CRC HHB); Swelling (f; CRC); Tumor (f; JLH); Ulcer (f; CRC); Uterosis (f; JLH); Virus (1; CRC; HHB; X10934347); Water Retention (f; CRC). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2).
DAMIANA	Turnera diffusa
Synonyms: Turnera microphylla Desv. ex Ham. Actions: Antiaging (f; APA); Antidepressant (f; APA; SKY); Aphrodisiac (f; APA; CRC; PED; PH2); Cardiotonic (1; HHB); CNS-Depressant (f; CRC); CNS-Stimulant (f; CRC; HHB; LAF); Depurative (f; PED); Diuretic (f; CRC; GMH; PED); Emmenagogue (f; MAD); Energizer (f; APA); Expectorant (f; CRC; GMH; PED); Euphoric (f; APA; CRC); Hallucinogen (f; APA); Laxative (f; CAN; CRC; GMH; SKY); Stimulant (f; APA; CRC; GMH); Thymoleptic (f; CAN); Tonic (f; APA; CRC; GMH; PED). Indications: Amaurosis (f; CRC); Amenorrhea (f; MAD); Anxiety (f; APA); Asthma (f; APA); Atony (f; MAD); Bronchosis (f; CRC); Catarrh (f; CRC); Cholecystosis (f; CRC); Cold (f; CRC; PED); Colic (f; MAD); Constipation (f; APA; CRC; SKY); Cough (f; APA; CRC; PED); Depression (f; APA; SKY); Diabetes (f; APA; CRC); Diarrhea (f; MAD); Dysentery (f; CRC); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; CRC; MAD; PED); Dyspepsia (f; CAN; CRC); Enuresis (f; CRC; PED); Headache (f; APA; CRC; MAD; PED); Frigidity (f; APA); Impotence (f; APA; CRC; PHR; PH2); Incontinence (f; MAD); Infertility (f; CRC); Insomnia (f; MAD); Migraine (f; CRC; MAD); Nephrosis (f; APA; PED); Neurasthenia (f; CRC; MAD); Neurosis (f; CRC; MAD); Orchosis (f; CRC); Paralysis (f; CRC; MAD); Prostatosis (f; MAD); Spermatorrhea (f; CRC; MAD); Stomachache (f; CRC); Syphilis (f; CRC); Water Retention (f; CRC; GMH; PED). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosagesâ€ (PH2) “No significant adverse effects. Persons claiming to experience damiana-induced hallucinations should be monitored closelyâ€ (LRNP, Feb 1989). CAN reports convulsions from high dose (one report only), quinones, and cyanogenic glycosides. Because of possibility of cyanogenic glycosides and risk of cyanide toxicity in high doses, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. May interfere with hypoglycemic therapy (CAN). Leaves laxative, may loosen stool in large doses. Volatile oils diuretic, expectorant, and laxative; irritate mucous membranes and increase the production of, while decreasing the thickness of, fluids produced by these membranes (PED). CNS-depressant; hypoglycemic (CAN); roots uteractive. Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosagesâ€ (PH2) “No significant adverse effects. Persons claiming to experience damiana-induced hallucinations should be monitored closelyâ€ (LRNP, Feb 1989). CAN reports convulsions from high dose (one report only), quinones, and cyanogenic glycosides. Because of possibility of cyanogenic glycosides and risk of cyanide toxicity in high doses, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. May interfere with hypoglycemic therapy (CAN). Leaves laxative, may loosen stool in large doses. Volatile oils diuretic, expectorant, and laxative; irritate mucous membranes and increase the production of, while decreasing the thickness of, fluids produced by these membranes (PED). CNS-depressant; hypoglycemic (CAN); roots uteractive.
DANDELION	Taraxacum officinale
Synonyms: Leontodon taraxacum L., Taraxacum dens-leonis Desf., T. vulgare Schrank. Actions: Allergenic (1; CAN); Alterative (f; CRC); Antibacterial (1; CRC; WOI); Antidote (f; AKT); Antiedemic (1; CAN); Antiinflammatory (1; CAN; SHT); Antioxidant (1; CRC; FNF); Antirheumatic (f; CAN); Antiseptic (1; CRC; FAD); Antispasmodic (f; SHT); Antitumor (1; CAN); Aperient (f; SUW); Aperitif (2; AKT; BGB; JFM; KOM; PIP); Aquaretic (SHT); Astringent (f; PED); Bifidogenic (1; AKT; FNF); Bitter (1; APA; PED; SHT; SUW); Candidicide (1; CRC; FAD); Carminative (2; APA; KOM); Cholagogue (2; KOM; PH2; SHT; WAM); Cholekinetic (SHT); Choleretic (2; APA; KOM; SHT); Demulcent (f; FAD); Depurative (f; CRC; JFM); Detoxicant (f; AKT); Diaphoretic (f; CRC; KAP); Digestive (f; APA; SKY); Diuretic (2; AKT; APA; HH3; KOM; SUW; WAM); Hepatotonic (1; CAN; PED); Hypoglycemic (1; CAN; CRC); Lactagogue (f; CRC; LMP; PED; PH2); Laxative (1; APA; CAN; SUW; WAM); Litholytic (f; PED); Natriuretic (f; JAD); Phototoxic (1; CRC); Prebiotic (1; AKT; FNF); Saluretic (2; BGB; HH3; PH2); Secretagogue (f; PH2); Sialagogue (1; APA); Stimulant (f; CRC); Stomachic (1; APA; CRC; PED); Tonic (f; BGB; CRC; SUW). Indications: Abscess (f; CRC; MAD); Adenopathy (f; JLH); Alactea (f; LMP; PH2); Alcoholism (f; SKY); Anemia (1; DEM; JFM; WAM); Anorexia (2; AKT; APA; BGB; JFM; KOM; PH2; PIP); Backache (f; DEM); Bacteria (1; CRC; WOI); Biliary Dyskinesia (2; PIP); Bladder Stone (2; KOM); Boil (f; CRC; LMP); Bronchosis (2; APA; LAF); Bruise (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CAN; CRC); Cancer, bladder (f; JLH); Cancer, bowel (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Candida (1; CRC; FAD); Caries (f; CRC; LMP); Cardiopathy (f; APA); Catarrh (f; CRC); Cholecystosis (2; BGB; CRC; HH3; KOM; PH2); Cirrhosis (f; SKY); Cold (1; APA); Colic (1; PH2); Congestion (1; PH2); Conjunctivosis (f; AKT); Constipation (1; APA; CAN; FAD; SKY; SUW; WAM); Cough (f; MAD); Cramp (f; DEM; SHT); Cystosis (1; WAM); Dermatosis (f; APA; BGB; KAP; KOM; PH2); Diabetes (1; CRC; JFM; KOM; MAD; PH2); Dropsy (1; BGB; DEM; KAP; MAD); Dysentery (f; AKT); Dysmenorrhea (f; DEM); Dyspepsia (2; APA; KAP; KOM; PH2; PIP); Eczema (f; CRC; HH2; KOM; PH2); Fever (1; AKT; CRC; KAP; MAD); Flu (f; AKT); Gallstone (f; AKT; APA; CAN; PH2); Gas (2; APA; KOM; PH2); Gastrosis (f; APA; BGB; CRC); Gout (f; CRC; KOM; PH2); Gravel (1; BGB; HH2); Heart (f; CRC); Heartburn (f; BGB; CRC; SKY); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC; KOM; PH2); Hepatosis (2; JFM; KAP; HH3; KOM; PH2; SUW; WAM); High Blood Pressure (1; CRC); Hyperglycemia (1; CAN; CRC); Hypochondria (f; MAD); Infection (f; AKT; APA); Inflammation (1; CAN; PH2; SHT); Itch (f; CRC; LMP); Jaundice (1; CAN; CRC; MAD; PH2); Kidney Stone (2; KOM; PH2; X7860196); Liver Spot (f; DEM); Mastosis (f; APA; PH2); Mucososis (f; MAD); Nephrosis (1; BGB; DEM; PH2; SUW); Neurosis (f; DEM); Obesity (f; APA; FAD); Oliguria (1; CAN); Osteoporosis (1; FNF); Pain (1; BGB; DEM; MAD); PMS (f; APA); Pneumonia (2; AYL; LAF); Pulmonosis (f; DEM); Respirosis (2; APA; LAF); Rheumatism (f; APA; BGB; CAN; PHR); Scrofula (f; CRC; LMP); Side Ache (f; MAD); Snakebite (f; CRC); Sore (1; APA; CRC); Splenosis (f; AKT; BGB); Stomachache (f; DEM); Stone (2; PED; PHR; PH2; SHT); Swelling (1; CAN; DEM); Toothache (f; DEM); Tuberculosis (1; MAD; PH2; WOI); Tumor (1; CAN); Ulcer (f; CRC); UTI (2 KOM; PH2; SHT); Vomiting (f; AKT); Wart (f; CRC); Water Retention (2; AKT; APA; HH3; KOM; SUW; WAM); Yeast (1; CRC; FAD). Dosage: Class 2d (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosagesâ€ (PH2). Commission E reports contraindications: biliary obstruction, empyema of gallbladder, ileus; adverse effects: gastric complaints and ulcers (AEH; CAN; SKY). Other contraindications reported: biliary inflammation (AEH). CAN cautions that the sesquiterpene lactones are allergenic and may cause dermatosis. May interfere with diuretic and hypoglycemic therapies (CAN). Herbs with diuretic properties, such as juniper and dandelion, can cause elevations in blood levels of lithium (D’epiro, 1997). Not for use with acute gallbladder problems (WAM). Use in cholelithiasis only under a doctor’s supervision (PIP). Blumenthal et al. (1998) caution that, “As with all drugs containing bitter substances, discomfort due to gastric hyperacidity may occurâ€ (KOM). Do I need to write out this caveat for all the salubrious bitter herbs of the Bible; Warning: may cause hyperacidity and gastric distress? Flavonoids antiinflammatory; increase urine flow. Inulin and mucilage sooth digestive tract, absorb toxins, and regulate intestinal flora (help friendly flora thrive and inhibit unfriendly bacteria according to Pedersen (I’d like to see the proof; it is part of the prebiotic/probiotic story)), and relieve muscle spasm (PED). PH2 says the amaroids (bitter compounds) in dandelion are cholagogue (agreed) and secretolytic (disagreed; I think they are secretagogue rather than secretolytic; PH2 also says the drug is “secretion-stimulatingâ€). Tillotson (AKT) notes that clinically, the leaf is a more effective diuretic than the root and a safer alternative to Lasixâ„¢. LD50 herb 28,800 ipr mouse (CAN); LD50 root 36,800 ipr mouse (CAN); Diuretic (herb>root). Contraindications: Class 2d (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosagesâ€ (PH2). Commission E reports contraindications: biliary obstruction, empyema of gallbladder, ileus; adverse effects: gastric complaints and ulcers (AEH; CAN; SKY). Other contraindications reported: biliary inflammation (AEH). CAN cautions that the sesquiterpene lactones are allergenic and may cause dermatosis. May interfere with diuretic and hypoglycemic therapies (CAN). Herbs with diuretic properties, such as juniper and dandelion, can cause elevations in blood levels of lithium (Dâ€™epiro, 1997). Not for use with acute gallbladder problems (WAM). Use in cholelithiasis only under a doctorâ€™s supervision (PIP). Blumenthal et al. (1998) caution that, “As with all drugs containing bitter substances, discomfort due to gastric hyperacidity may occurâ€ (KOM). Do I need to write out this caveat for all the salubrious bitter herbs of the Bible; Warning: may cause hyperacidity and gastric distress? Flavonoids antiinflammatory; increase urine flow. Inulin and mucilage sooth digestive tract, absorb toxins, and regulate intestinal flora (help friendly flora thrive and inhibit unfriendly bacteria according to Pedersen (Iâ€™d like to see the proof; it is part of the prebiotic/probiotic story)), and relieve muscle spasm (PED). PH2 says the amaroids (bitter compounds) in dandelion are cholagogue (agreed) and secretolytic (disagreed; I think they are secretagogue rather than secretolytic; PH2 also says the drug is “secretion-stimulatingâ€). Tillotson (AKT) notes that clinically, the leaf is a more effective diuretic than the root and a safer alternative to Lasixâ„¢. LD50 herb 28,800 ipr mouse (CAN); LD50 root 36,800 ipr mouse (CAN); Diuretic (herb>root).
DARNEL	Lolium temulentum
Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (f; CRC); Depurative (f; CRC; MAD); Narcotic (1; CRC); Nephrotoxic (1; PHR); Poison (1; CRC). Indications: Arthrosis (f; JLH; MAD); Bleeding (f; CRC); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, joint (f; JLH); Cancer, knee (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Colic (f; CRC); Condylomata (f; JLH); Cramp (f; PHR; PH2); Dermatosis (f; CRC; HHB); Dysuria (f; CRC; PH2); Eczema (f; CRC); Enterosis (f; PHR; PH2); Epistaxis (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Fracture (f; BIB; CRC); Gangrene (f; BIB; CRC); Gastrosis (f; PHR; PH2); Headache (f; CRC); Hepatosis (f; CRC); Incontinence (f; BIB; CRC; PH2); Induration (f; CRC; JLH); Insomnia (f; PHR; PH2); Kernel (f; CRC); Leprosy (f; BIB; CRC); Lichen (f; MAD); Meningosis (f; BIB; CRC); Menopause (f; BIB; CRC); Migraine (f; BIB; CRC); Neuralgia (f; CRC; MAD; PH2); Pain (f; CRC; HHB; PHR); Paralysis (f; MAD); Polyuria (f; HHB); Rheumatism (f; CRC; HHB); Sciatica (f; CRC); Scirrhus (f; CRC); Splenosis (f; CRC); Tenesmus (f; MAD); Toothache (f; BIB; CRC); Tremor (f; MAD); Tumor (f; CRC); Uterosis (f; JLH); Vertigo (f; CRC; MAD; PH2); Wen (f; CRC). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). Can be toxic; no cases of poisoning are known in recent times (PHR). Symptoms include colic, confusion, cramping, delirium, diarrhea, gastroenterosis, headache, paralysis, somnolence, speech problems, staggering, tinnitus, vertigo, visual disorders, and rarely, death through respiratory failure (DEP; MAD; PH2). Mentioned only as food for Native Americans (DEM). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). Can be toxic; no cases of poisoning are known in recent times (PHR). Symptoms include colic, confusion, cramping, delirium, diarrhea, gastroenterosis, headache, paralysis, somnolence, speech problems, staggering, tinnitus, vertigo, visual disorders, and rarely, death through respiratory failure (DEP; MAD; PH2). Mentioned only as food for Native Americans (DEM).

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