| English Name | Botanical Name | More Info |
|---|---|---|
| NEEM | Azadirachta indica | |
|
Synonyms: Antelaea azadirachta Actions: Alterative (f; DAD; SUW); Amebicide (1; WO2); Analgesic (1; APA); Anorectic (f; KAB); Antiaggregant (1; WO2); Antiarrhythmic (1; WO2); Antibacterial (1; WO2); Antidiabetic (f; WO2); Antifeedant (f; WO2); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; PH2; WO2); Antiperiodic (1; DAD); Antiplaque (1; APA); Antipyretic (1; APA; DAD; PH2); Antiseptic (1; APA; DAD; SUW); Antiviral (1; WO2); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB); Astringent (1; APA; DAD; SUW); Bitter (1; APA; SUW); Carminative (f; KAB); Contraceptive (1; APA; SKJ); Demulcent (f; SKJ; SUW); Deobstruent (f; DAD); Depurative (f; KAB); Detersive (f; DAD); Discutient (f; DAD); Diuretic (1; DAD; WO2); Emmenagogue (f; SKJ); Emollient (f; DAD); Errhine (f; KAB); Expectorant (f; KAB); Fungicide (f; WO2); Insectifuge (1; APA; DAD); Larvicide (1; APA); Laxative (f; DAD); Narcotic (1; PH2); Nematicide (1; DAD; WO2); Parasiticide (1; DAD); Pectoral (f; KAB); Pediculicide (1; PH2); Pesticide (1; APA); Pulicide (1; DAD); Sedative (f; DAD); Spermicide (1; APA; DAD); Stimulant (f; DAD); Stomachic (f; DAD; SUW); Tonic (f; DAD; SUW); Uterocontractant (1; WO2); Vermifuge (f; DAD); Vulnerary (1; APA). Indications: Adenopathy (f; JLH; WO2); Allergy (f; MBB); Alopecia (f; WO2); Ameba (1; WO2); Amenorrhea (f; KAB); Arrhythmia (1; WO2); Asthma (f; DAD); Bacteria (1; WO2); Biliousness (f; KAB); Bite (f; DAD); Boil (f; DAD; MBB; SUW); Bruise (f; WO2); Burn (f; DAD); Cancer (f; DAD; JLH); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, gland (f; JLH); Cancer, parotid (f; JLH); Cancer, skin (f; JLH); Carbuncle (f; DAD); Cardiopathy (1; APA; SKJ); Catarrh (f; KAB; SUW); Childbirth (f; DAD; KAB); Cholera (1; DAD; WO2); Constipation (f; DAD); Cowpox (f; KAB); Debility (f; KAB); Dermatosis (1; APA; DAD; JLH; MBB; SUW); Diabetes (1; APA; WO2); Diarrhea (f; DAD; SKJ); Dusgeusia (f; KAB); Dysentery (f; SKJ); Dyspepsia (f; KAB; PH2); Dysuria (f; SKJ; WO2); Earache (f; WO2); Eczema (f; DAD; SUW); Enterosis (f; SKJ); Fatigue (f; KAB); Fever (1; APA; DAD; MBB; PH2); Fungus (f; MBB; WO2); Furunculosis (f; DAD); Gingivosis (1; APA; DAD; SUW); Gray Hair (f; WO2); Heat Rash (f; DAD); Hemorrhoid (f; APA; WO2); Hepatosis (f; SKJ); Hernia (f; DAD); Herpes (f; DAD); Infection (f; MBB; WO2); Inflammation (1; APA; PH2; WO2); Insomnia (f; DAD); Itch (f; MBB); Jaundice (f; SKJ); Leprosy (f; DAD; MBB; PH2); Leukoderma (f; WO2); Malaria (1; APA; DAD; MBB; PH2; SUW); Measles (f; DAD); Metrosis (1; WO2); Mycosis (f; WO2); Nausea (f; DAD); Nervousness (f; DAD); Pain (1; APA); Parasite (1; DAD; KAB); Parotosis (f; JLH); Pediculosis (f; PH2); Plaque (1; APA); Protozoa (1; KAB); Pyorrhea (f; DAD); Rheumatism (f; DAD; SUW); Rhinosis (f; KAB); Ringworm (1; DAD); Salmonella (1; WO2); Scabies (1; APA; DAD); Scald (f; DAD); Scrofula (f; DAD); Seborrhea (f; DAD); Smallpox (f; DAD); Snakebite (f; DAD; SUW); Sore (f; DAD; SUW); Splenosis (f; DAD); Sprain (f; WO2); Sting (f; KAB; SUW); Stomatosis (f; DAD); Syphilis (1; DAD; KAB); Toothache (f; DAD); Toxemia (f; MBB); Tuberculosis (f; SKJ); Ulcer (1; APA); VD (1; KAB); Virus (1; WO2); Worm (1; APA; DAD; PH2); Wound (1; APA; KAB; MBB). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). No health hazards known at proper dosage levels (PHR). Excessive doses can cause convulsions, dyspnea, stupor, even death (APA). The oil seems to be more toxic to children because of an as yet undefined toxin that is particularly significant to younger people. Intoxication suggests Reye’s Syndrome. Characteristic reactions reported among 13 infants include coma, drowsiness, loss of consciousness, metabolic acidosis, and in two, death due to encephalopathy (APA). Nimbidin LD50 250 mg/kg in frogs. Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). No health hazards known at proper dosage levels (PHR). Excessive doses can cause convulsions, dyspnea, stupor, even death (APA). The oil seems to be more toxic to children because of an as yet undefined toxin that is particularly significant to younger people. Intoxication suggests Reye’s Syndrome. Characteristic reactions reported among 13 infants include coma, drowsiness, loss of consciousness, metabolic acidosis, and in two, death due to encephalopathy (APA). Nimbidin LD50 250 mg/kg in frogs. |
||
| NEPALESE CARDAMOM | Amomum aromaticum | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Alexeteric (f; WOI); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB); Astringent (f; WOI); Cardiotonic (f; KAB); Carminative (f; DEP); Diuretic (f; WOI); Hepatotonic (f; KAB); Hypnotic (f; KAB); Orexigenic (f; HH2); Stimulant (f; WOI); Stomachic (f; WOI). Indications: Anorexia (f; HH2); Biliousness (f; WOI); Chill (f; HH2); Cholera (f; KAB); Cold (f; HH2); Conjunctivosis (f; WOI); Diarrhea (f; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; PH2; WOI); Enterosis (f; WOI); Fever (f; PH2); Gastrosis (f; KAB); Gingivosis (f; WOI); Gonorrhea (f; KAB); Gravel (f; WOI); Headache (f; WOI); Hepatosis (f; WOI); Impotence (f; KAB); Malaria (f; PH2); Nephrosis (f; WOI); Neuralgia (f; KAB; WOI); Odontosis (f; WOI); Pain (f; WOI); Proctosis (f; WOI); Snakebite (f; HH2); Sting (f; HH2); Stomatosis (f; WOI); VD (f; WOI); Vomiting (f; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Overdoses may lead to poisoning. Over-rationalizing, the Herbal PDR hints that the efficacy, if any, of the drug, may hark back to its cineole content, yet speaks of the potential for life-threatening poisonings due to overdoses of cineole. (Methinks empirical wisdom will have evolved away from any such intoxications, and that PH2 is dabbling in nitpickology.) Skillfully, PH2 says, “although scientific data regarding this are not available.†These are what I call hypothetical activities, positive and negative, often contemplated, the yea-sayers touting the goods of cineole, the nay-sayers touting the hazards of cineole. Certainly many species may be richer in cineole, including the well-known true cardamom, one of the more expensive of spices. Even if the EO were pure cineole, this species would contain only 10,000 ppm cineole. Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Overdoses may lead to poisoning. Over-rationalizing, the Herbal PDR hints that the efficacy, if any, of the drug, may hark back to its cineole content, yet speaks of the potential for life-threatening poisonings due to overdoses of cineole. (Methinks empirical wisdom will have evolved away from any such intoxications, and that PH2 is dabbling in nitpickology.) Skillfully, PH2 says, “although scientific data regarding this are not available.†These are what I call hypothetical activities, positive and negative, often contemplated, the yea-sayers touting the goods of cineole, the nay-sayers touting the hazards of cineole. Certainly many species may be richer in cineole, including the well-known true cardamom, one of the more expensive of spices. Even if the EO were pure cineole, this species would contain only 10,000 ppm cineole. |
||
| NETTLE | Urtica dioica | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (1; CAN; DEM; PH2); Anesthetic (1; PH2); Antiadrenaline (1; FAD); Antiallergic (1; MAB); Antiaromatase (1; SHT); Antiarthritic (1; PH2); Antiasthmatic (f; DAW); Antibacterial (1; FAD; MAB; WOI); Anticancer (1; MAB); Anticomplementary (1; HH3); Anticonvulsant (1; CAN); Antiedemic (1; FIT68:387; MAB); Antiexudative (1; HH3); Antihemorrhagic (f; CAN); Antihistaminic (1; WAM); Anti-HIV (1; PH2); Antihidrotic (f; MAD); Antiinflammatory (1; FIT68:387; MAB; PH2); Antileukotriene (1; PH2); Antiprostatitic (2; KOM; MAB); Antipyretic (1; CAN); Antirheumatic (1; MAB; PH2); Antiseptic (1; CRC; PED); Antispasmodic (f; PED); Antitumor (f; PED); Antiviral (1; MAB; FIT68:387); Aphrodisiac (f; MAD); Aquaretic (1; SHT); Aromatase Inhibitor (1; HH3); Astringent (1; CRC; MAB; PNC; SUW); Bitter (f; PED); Bleeding (f; CAN); Bradycardic (1; CAN); CNS Depressant (1; FAD); CVI (f; APA); Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor (1; MAB; PH2); Cytotoxic (1; MAB); Depurative (f; BIB; FAD; MAB; PED); Diuretic (2; CRC; PHR; PH2; PNC; SUW); Elastase Inhibitor (1; MAB); Emmenagogue (f; APA; CRC; KAB; PED; SUW); Expectorant (f; MAD; PED); Fungicide (1; HH3; MAB); Hematogenic (1; FAD; PH2; WAM); Hemostat (1; CAN; MAB; MAD; PED); Histaminic (1; FNF); Hyperglycemic (1; APA; CAN); Hypoglycemic (1; CAN; PNC); Hypotensive (1; CAN); Inteferonigenic (1; CAN); Lactagogue (f; APA; CRC; MAD); Laxative (f; BGB); 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor (1; MAB; PH2); Litholytic (f; MAD); Mitogenic (f; FAD); Myorelaxant (f; BGB); Pancreatonic (1; ABS); Rubefacient (f; CRC); Tonic (f; MAB; PNC); Uterotonic (1; APA; CAN); Vasoconstrictor (f; BIB; CRC); Vermifuge (f; BGB; CRC; KAB; PED; SUW); Vulnerary (f; MAD). Indications: Acne (f; BGB; FEL); Adenoma (1; BGB; SHT); Adenopathy (f; BIB; JLH); Ague (f; DEM; MAB); Alactea (f; CRC; MAD); Allergy (1; BGB; HH3; MAB; WAM); Alopecia (f; APA; WOI); Amenorrhea (f; KAB); Anemia (1; CRC; FAD; WAM); Arthrosis (1; DEM; FAD; MAB; PH2); Asthma (1; DAW; MAB; CRC); Ataxia (f; DEM); BPH (2; BGB; MAB); Bacteria (1; FAD; MAB; WOI); Bladder Stone (2; PHR; PH2); Bleeding (1; CAN; CRC; DEM; FEL; MAB; MAD; PED; PNC); BPH (root) (2; KOM; PH2); Bronchosis (1; CRC; MAB; PED); Bug Bite (1; MAB); Burn (1; BGB; CRC; MAB); Cachexia (f; KAB); Calculus (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; FAD; MAB; PED); Cancer, breast (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, ear (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, lung (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, mouth (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, spleen (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, womb (1; CRC; JLH); Carcinoma (f; BIB); Catarrh (f; WOI); Childbirth (f; DEM); Cholangosis (f; CRC); Cholecystosis (f; CRC; FAD; MAB; WOI); Cholera (f; FEL); Colic (f; CRC); Colitis (f; FEL; MAB); Congestion (f; APA); Constipation (f; BGB; CRC; WOI); Convulsion (1; CAN); Cramp (f; MAD; PED); CVI (1; BGB); Cystosis (f; FEL); Dandruff (f; PH2; WOI); Dermatosis (1; BGB; CAN; MAB); Diabetes (f; CRC; MAD; PH2); Diarrhea (1; BGB; FAD; FEL; MAB); Dropsy (f; BGB; CRC); Dysentery (1; CRC; FAD; MAB); Dysmenorrhea (f; BGB; APA; MAD; PED); Dyspepsia (f; DEM; MAD); Dyspnea (f; CRC; KAB); Dysuria (2; KOM; PHR; PH2; SHT); Eczema (f; BGB; CAN; MAB; MAD); Edema (f; CRC; PH2); Endothelioma (f; BIB; JLH); Enterosis (f; FEL); Epistaxis (1; BGB; CAN; KAB; MAB); Epithelioma (f; BIB; JLH); Erysipelas (f; CRC); Erythema (f; CRC); Escherichia (1; WOI); Exanthema (f; MAD); Fever (1; CAN; CEB); Flu (f; PH2); Fungus (1; HH3; MAB); Gastrosis (f; CRC); Goiter (1; MAB); Gonorrhea (f; BIB; CRC); Gout (1; FAD; MAB; PH2); Gravel (2; BGB; KOM; MAD; PHR); Hay Fever (2; APA; MAB); Headache (f; CRC); Hematuria (f; SUW); Hemoptysis (f; CRC); Hemorrhoid (f; BGB; DEM; PED); Hepatosis (f; HH3); Herpes (f; BGB); High Blood Pressure (1; CAN); HIV (1; PH2); Hives (f; DEM); Hyperglycemia (1; CAN; PNC); Hypoglycemia (1; APA; CAN); Infection (1; HH3; MAB); Inflammation (1; BGB; CRC; FIT68:387; MAB; PH2); Itch (f; DEM); Jaundice (f; CRC; KAB; PED; SUW); Kidney Stone (2; APA; PHR; PH2); Lethargy (f; KAB); Leukorrhea (f; CRC; MAD); Malaria (f; BIB; CEB; CRC); Melaena (f; CAN); Menorrhagia (f; SUW); Mycosis (1; HH3; MAB); Myocardiopathy (1; BGB); Myosis (f; MAB); Nephrosis (f; CRC; FEL; HH3; PED; SUW); Neuralgia (f; APA; BIB; CRC); Nocturia (1; MAB); Osteoarthrosis (1; MAB); Osteoporosis (1; JAD); Otosis (f; MAD); Pain (1; CAN; DEM; PH2); Palsy (f; CEB; CRC; KAB); Paralysis (f; CRC); Parotosis (f; BIB; JLH); Parturition (f; APA; BGB); Pertussis (f; BIB; CRC); Pharyngosis (f; MAB); Pleurisy (f; BGB); Pollakisuria (1; BGB); Polyp (f; BIB; JLH); Pregnancy (f; SKY); Prostatosis (2; PH2; SHT); Rheumatism (2; FAD; KOM; MAB; PHR; PH2); Rhinosis (1; BGB; HH3; MAB); Sarcoma (f; BIB; JLH); Sciatica (1; CRC; KAB; MAB); Shigella (1; WOI); Side Ache (f; MAD); Sore Throat (f; CRC); Splenosis (f; CRC; FAD); Sprain (f; APA; SKJ); Sting (f; CRC); Stomachache (f; DEM); Stomatosis (f; MAB); Stone (2; KOM; MAD; PHR; PH2; SHT); Swelling (1; BIB; FIT68:387; DEM; MAB); Tendinitis (f; APA); Tuberculosis (1; CRC; KAB; MAB; SUW); Tumor (f; CRC; JLH; PED); Uremia (f; BIB); Urticaria (1; MAB); Uterosis (f; BGB; APA; CAN; KAB); UTI (2; PHR; KOM; PH2; SHT); Vaginosis (f; APA); VD (f; BIB; CRC); Vertigo (f; BIB; CRC); Virus (1; FIT68:387; MAB; PH2); Worm (f; BGB; CRC; KAB; PED; SUW); Wound (f; MAB). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). None known for herb, rare GI upsets for roots (KOM). Herbage contraindicated in fluid retention due to reduced cardiac or renal activity, rarely causing allergic reactions (PHR). Adverse effects of root: mild GI complaints (occasionally) (AEH). The urtication can be painful and long-lasting, in some inducing a black-and-blue reaction. No fatalities are reported in the U.S. CAN cautions that amines are irritant. Because it is reputed to be abortifacient and to affect the menstrual cycle, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. May interfere with blood pressure, CNS, and diabetes medication (CAN). Being a nettle fan, I had never heard of it before and was reluctant to try it when my friend Vic said that the root tea almost did him in. It’s almost as though he read the book, “Consumption of nettle tea has caused gastric irritation, a burning sensation of the skin, oedema, and oliguria†(CAN). Not for use in severely allergic patients, especially those with tendency toward anaphylaxis (WAM). Schulz et al. (1998) report on >4000 patients taking 600–1200 mg extract/day for 6 months. Only 35 showed side effects, 0.65% GI complaints, 9 (0.19%) dermatosis, and 2 (>0.05%) reporting hyperhydrosis (SHT). No contraindications are stated (SHT). Varro Tyler cautions against self-medication with BPH. Whenever treating BPH, a practitioner should be involved. Base-line levels of PSA should be established before considering an herbal treatment (JAD). Even JAMA admits that there is no hard proof for any intervention in BPH. Since hospitals kill 200,000 Americans a year, and prostate cancer fewer than 50,000, I’ll opt for nettle tea and sitosterol-rich nuts as the drug of choice for prostate protection. Extracts (Nettle) — Infusion LD50 = 1929 mg/kg ivn rat. HOH extract LD50 = 1721 mg/kg ivn rat. The tea was well tolerated at levels of 1310 mg/kg orally (Bombardelli and Morazzoni, 1997). LD50 infusion 1310 orl rat (MAB). (9Z-11E)-13-Hydroxy,9,11-octadecadienoic-acid, 14 octacosanol, oleanolic acid, secoisolariciresinol, and ursolic acid are listed as weak to moderate aromatase- inhibitors found in the methanolic root extract. Suggesting synergy, HH3 gives IC50’s for aromatase inhibition; extract: 338 μg/ml; aqueous extract = >200 μg/ml; butanolic fractions: 109 μg/ml; ethanolic-fraction 41 μg/ml; 9-hydroxy,10,12- octadecadienoic-acid = 11 μg/ml, and GLA, the compound is so well represented in another edible weed, evening primrose, at 10 μg/ml (HH3). Aromatase is a key enzyme in steroid hormone metabolism, and its inhibition may partially explain the activity of the roots in BPH. The polysaccharide fraction of the aqueous root extract show prolonged antiedemic and antiinflammatory activity (40 mg/kg orl rat). Ethanolic extract also inhibits elastase, a destructive enzyme in the inflammatory process (IC50=68 μg/ml). The isolectin (UDA), abundant in the roots, may contribute to the antiinflammatory and antiprostatic activity of the extracts. Aqueous extracts interfere with, dose-dependently (0.6–10 mg/ml), the binding of dihydrotestosterone to SHBG (with specific receptors on human prostatic membranes). The alcoholic extract, UDA, and stigmast-4-en-3-one were inactive. At concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml, some root extracts inhibited Na+, K+-ATPases 27.6–81.5%. Stigmast-4-en-3-one, stigmasterol, and campesterol inhibited Na+, K+-ATPases 23–67% at concentrations of 1-1000 μM. Such inhibition may influence prostate cell metabolism and growth (Bombardelli and Morazzoni, 1997). Root polysaccharide extracts anticomplementary (IC50=<50 μg/ml (HH3)). Strange that an herb should inject so many neuroactive compounds, acetylcholine, choline, formic acid, histamine, leukotrienes, and serotonin (PH2) into unsuspecting grazers. Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). None known for herb, rare GI upsets for roots (KOM). Herbage contraindicated in fluid retention due to reduced cardiac or renal activity, rarely causing allergic reactions (PHR). Adverse effects of root: mild GI complaints (occasionally) (AEH). The urtication can be painful and long-lasting, in some inducing a black-and-blue reaction. No fatalities are reported in the U.S. CAN cautions that amines are irritant. Because it is reputed to be abortifacient and to affect the menstrual cycle, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. May interfere with blood pressure, CNS, and diabetes medication (CAN). Being a nettle fan, I had never heard of it before and was reluctant to try it when my friend Vic said that the root tea almost did him in. It’s almost as though he read the book, “Consumption of nettle tea has caused gastric irritation, a burning sensation of the skin, oedema, and oliguria†(CAN). Not for use in severely allergic patients, especially those with tendency toward anaphylaxis (WAM). Schulz et al. (1998) report on >4000 patients taking 600–1200 mg extract/day for 6 months. Only 35 showed side effects, 0.65% GI complaints, 9 (0.19%) dermatosis, and 2 (>0.05%) reporting hyperhydrosis (SHT). No contraindications are stated (SHT). Varro Tyler cautions against self-medication with BPH. Whenever treating BPH, a practitioner should be involved. Base-line levels of PSA should be established before considering an herbal treatment (JAD). Even JAMA admits that there is no hard proof for any intervention in BPH. Since hospitals kill 200,000 Americans a year, and prostate cancer fewer than 50,000, I’ll opt for nettle tea and sitosterol-rich nuts as the drug of choice for prostate protection. Extracts (Nettle) — Infusion LD50 = 1929 mg/kg ivn rat. HOH extract LD50 = 1721 mg/kg ivn rat. The tea was well tolerated at levels of 1310 mg/kg orally (Bombardelli and Morazzoni, 1997). LD50 infusion 1310 orl rat (MAB). (9Z-11E)-13-Hydroxy,9,11-octadecadienoic-acid, 14 octacosanol, oleanolic acid, secoisolariciresinol, and ursolic acid are listed as weak to moderate aromatase- inhibitors found in the methanolic root extract. Suggesting synergy, HH3 gives IC50’s for aromatase inhibition; extract: 338 μg/ml; aqueous extract = >200 μg/ml; butanolic fractions: 109 μg/ml; ethanolic-fraction 41 μg/ml; 9-hydroxy,10,12- octadecadienoic-acid = 11 μg/ml, and GLA, the compound is so well represented in another edible weed, evening primrose, at 10 μg/ml (HH3). Aromatase is a key enzyme in steroid hormone metabolism, and its inhibition may partially explain the activity of the roots in BPH. The polysaccharide fraction of the aqueous root extract show prolonged antiedemic and antiinflammatory activity (40 mg/kg orl rat). Ethanolic extract also inhibits elastase, a destructive enzyme in the inflammatory process (IC50=68 μg/ml). The isolectin (UDA), abundant in the roots, may contribute to the antiinflammatory and antiprostatic activity of the extracts. Aqueous extracts interfere with, dose-dependently (0.6–10 mg/ml), the binding of dihydrotestosterone to SHBG (with specific receptors on human prostatic membranes). The alcoholic extract, UDA, and stigmast-4-en-3-one were inactive. At concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml, some root extracts inhibited Na+, K+-ATPases 27.6–81.5%. Stigmast-4-en-3-one, stigmasterol, and campesterol inhibited Na+, K+-ATPases 23–67% at concentrations of 1-1000 μM. Such inhibition may influence prostate cell metabolism and growth (Bombardelli and Morazzoni, 1997). Root polysaccharide extracts anticomplementary (IC50=<50 μg/ml (HH3)). Strange that an herb should inject so many neuroactive compounds, acetylcholine, choline, formic acid, histamine, leukotrienes, and serotonin (PH2) into unsuspecting grazers. |
||
| NEW JERSEY TEA | Ceanothus americanus | |
|
Synonyms: C. americanus var. intermedius (Pursh) Torr. & A. Gray, C. intermedius Pursh. Actions: Abortifacient (f; DEM); Antiinflammatory (f; SHB); Antiseptic (f; SHB); Antispasmodic (f; PH2; PNC; SHB); Astringent (1; DEM; FAD; HHB; PH2); Depurative (f; DEM); Expectorant (1; FAD; PH2; SHB); Hemostat (1; PHR; PH2; SHB); Hepatotonic(f; SHB); Hypotensive (1; FAD; HHB; SHB); Laxative (f; FAD); Sedative (1; FAD); Splenotonic (f; SHB); Tonic (f; SHB). Indications: Adenopathy (f; SHB); Amenorrhea (f; DEM); Appendicitis (f; SHB); Asthma (f; FAD); Bite (f; DEM); Bleeding (1; DEM; PHR; PH2; SHB); Blood (f; DEM); Bronchosis (1; FAD); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Chill (f; PHR; PH2); Cold (1; DEM; FAD; PH2); Constipation (f; DEM; FAD); Cough (f; DEM); Cramp (f; PH2; PNC; SHB); Dermatosis (f; DEM); Diabetes (f; DEM); Dysentery (1; FAD); Dyspnea (f; DEM); Dysuria (f; DEM); Enterosis (f; DEM); Fever (1; FAD; HHB; PH2); Gastrosis (f; DEM); Gonorrhea (f; PHR; PH2); Hepatosis (f; SHB); High Blood Pressure (1; FAD; HHB; SHB); HIV (f; SHB); Inflammation (f; SHB); Insomnia (1; FAD); Malaria (f; HHB); Metrorrhagia (f; SHB); Mucososis (f; SHB); Nervousness (1; FAD); Pertussis (f; FAD); Pulmonosis (f; FAD; DEM); Respirosis (f; PH2); Snakebite (1; FAD); Sore (f; DEM); Sore Throat (1; FAD); Splenosis (f; FAD; HHB; SHB); Stomachache (f; FAD); Stomatosis (f; DEM); Swelling (f; JLH); Syphilis (f; PHR; PH2); Tonsilosis (f; SHB); Toothache (f; DEM); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); VD (f; DEM); Wound (f; DEM). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). None known (PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). The 8% tannin could explain about half of the indications. Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). None known (PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). The 8% tannin could explain about half of the indications. |
||
| NIANDO, IPORURU | Alchornea floribunda | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Anesthetic (1; PH2); Anticholinergic (1; PH2); Antidote (f; UPW); Antiperistaltic (1; PH2); Antispasmodic (1; JBH); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC; PH2; UPW); Astringent (1; HH2); CNS Depressant (f; CRC); CNS Stimulant (f; CRC); Ganglioplegic (1; JBH); Hallucinogen (1; CRC; PH2); Hypertensive (1; UPW); Hypotensive (1; UPW); Intoxicant (f; CRC); Narcotic (f; CRC); Parasympathomimetic (1; JBH); Spasmogenic (1; PH2); Stimulant (1; PH2); Toxic (fatal) (f; UPW); Vagolytic (1; JBH; PH2). Indications: Arthrosis (f; PH2); Cold (f; PH2); Cramp (1; JBH); Dermatosis (f; UPW); Enterosis (f; PH2); Gastrosis (f; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; CRC; UPW); Low Blood Pressure (1; UPW); Myalgia (f; PH2); Ophthalmia (f; UPW); Pain (1; PH2); Respirosis (f; PH2); UTI (f; PH2); Wound (f; UPW). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). Drug considered highly toxic, high doses causing excitation and cramps. In Africa “deaths through exhaustion have been observed among humans following over-stimulation and hallucination†(PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). Drug considered highly toxic, high doses causing excitation and cramps. In Africa “deaths through exhaustion have been observed among humans following over-stimulation and hallucination†(PH2). |
||
| NIAULI | Melaleuca viridiflora | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Antibacterial (1; JAD; PHR); Antiseptic (1; JAD; PHR; PH2); Circulostimulant (2; PHR; PH2); Fungicide (1; JAD); Rubefacient (2; KOM; PHR); Vulnerary (f; HHB). Indications: Bacteria (1; JAD; PHR); Bronchosis (2; PHR; PH2); Catarrh (2; KOM; PHR; PH2); Cough (2; PHR; PH2); Cystosis (f; PH2); Fungus (1; JAD); Infection (1; JAD); Mycosis (1; JAD); Neuralgia (f; PH2); Pain (f; PH2); Respirosis (f; PH2); Rheumatism (f; PH2). Dosage: Blumenthal et al. (1998) and Fleming et al. (1998) are rougher on this one than the cajuput (and of course they did not even index or cover tea tree). For that reason, I score it only + for safety. Fleming et al. (1998) after issuing their usual template, which suggests that no health hazards or side effects have been noted with proper administration (no internal dosage defined) (PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Contraindicated internally in gallduct or GI or biliary inflammations, or severe liver ailments. Internal administration of niauli oil may lead to diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Do not apply near nostrils of pediatrics, may cause asthma-like attacks, bronchial spasm, glottal spasms, and even respiratory failure (KOM; PHR). Confusingly calling it caje rather than niauli oil, and noting that it contains 35–60% cineole, Fleming et al. say that cineole causes induction of enzymes involved in liver detoxification, thereby possibly shortening or lessening the effects of other drugs that might have been coadministered. (I suppose we can say that about all aromatic plants that contain significant quantities of cineole, and many do; what level of cineole is significant?) As with most EOs, this one may induce dermatosis in sensitive individuals. Fleming et al. even warn that overdosages (more than 10 g), can lead to life threatening poisonings, due to the cineole. Ten grams of niauli oil could contain 6 g cineole. Symptoms include circulatory disorders, collapse, fall in blood pressure, and respiratory failure. Do not induce vomiting, say Fleming et al., rather give activated charcoal (PHR). Contraindications: Blumenthal et al. (1998) and Fleming et al. (1998) are rougher on this one than the cajuput (and of course they did not even index or cover tea tree). For that reason, I score it only + for safety. Fleming et al. (1998) after issuing their usual template, which suggests that no health hazards or side effects have been noted with proper administration (no internal dosage defined) (PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Contraindicated internally in gallduct or GI or biliary inflammations, or severe liver ailments. Internal administration of niauli oil may lead to diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Do not apply near nostrils of pediatrics, may cause asthma-like attacks, bronchial spasm, glottal spasms, and even respiratory failure (KOM; PHR). Confusingly calling it caje rather than niauli oil, and noting that it contains 35–60% cineole, Fleming et al. say that cineole causes induction of enzymes involved in liver detoxification, thereby possibly shortening or lessening the effects of other drugs that might have been coadministered. (I suppose we can say that about all aromatic plants that contain significant quantities of cineole, and many do; what level of cineole is significant?) As with most EOs, this one may induce dermatosis in sensitive individuals. Fleming et al. even warn that overdosages (more than 10 g), can lead to life threatening poisonings, due to the cineole. Ten grams of niauli oil could contain 6 g cineole. Symptoms include circulatory disorders, collapse, fall in blood pressure, and respiratory failure. Do not induce vomiting, say Fleming et al., rather give activated charcoal (PHR). |
||
| NIGHT-BLOOMING CEREUS | Selenicereus grandiflorus | |
|
Synonyms: Cactus grandiflorus L. Actions: Antiinflammatory (f; PHR; PH2); Antirheumatic (f; CRC); Cardiotonic (1; CRC; PHR; PH2); Positive Inotropic (1; HH2); Spinostimulant (1; PHR; PH2); Vasodilator (1; PHR; PH2); Vermifuge (f; CRC; JFM); Vesicant (f; CRC). Indications: Angina (f; CRC; PH2); Bleeding (f; PHR; PH2); Cardiopathy (f; PH2); Congestion (f; JFM); Cystosis (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Dermatosis (f; JLH; PHR); Dropsy (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (f; PHR); Dyspnea (f; CRC; PH2); Dysuria (f; PHR; PH2); Endocardosis (f; CRC); Fungus (f; JLH); Headache (f; CRC; JFM); Heart (f; CRC); Hemoptysis (f; CRC; PH2); Inflammation (f; PHR; PH2); Menorrhagia (f; HH2); Myocardosis (f; CRC); Nephrosis (f; CRC); Nervousness (f; JFM); Neuralgia (f; CRC; JFM); Neurosis (f; PH2); Palpitation (f; CRC); Prostate (f; CRC); Respirosis (f; HH2); Rheumatism (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Stenocardia (f; CRC; PH2); Worm (f; CRC; JFM). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). The fresh juice can irritate the GI tract (CAN). Cactine may possibly have cardiotonic effects (PNC). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). The fresh juice can irritate the GI tract (CAN). Cactine may possibly have cardiotonic effects (PNC). |
||
| NONI, INDIAN MULBERRY | Morinda citrifolia | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (1; HAD); Antiarthritic (1; TRA); Antipyretic (f; DEP; WOI); Antirheumatic (1; TRA); Antitumor (1; ABS); Antipyretic (f; HHB); Antispasmodic (1; HAD); Ascaricide (1; TRA); Deobstruent (f; DEP; KAB); Depurative (f; PH2); Diuretic (f; HHB); Emetic (f; KAB); Emmenagogue (f; DEP; KAB); Emollient (f; KAB); Fungicide (1; ABS; FNF); Hypotensive (1; HAD); Laxative (1; FNF; KAB; SKJ; WOI); Litholytic (f; HHB); Sedative (f; KAB); Stomachic (f; KAB); Tonic (f; DEP; HHB; WOI). Indications: Arthrosis (1; JFM; TRA); Ascaris (1; TRA); Asthma (f; HAD; HHB; KAB); Cancer (1; ABS; HAD); Cold (f; IED); Colic (f; HHB); Constipation (1; FNF; KAB; SKJ; WOI); Cramp (1; HAD); Diabetes (f; PH2); Diarrhea (f; HHB; KAB); Dysentery (f; HHB; SKJ; WOI); Dysmenorrhea (f; HHB; WOI); Dysuria (f; HAD); Enterosis (f; JFM); Fever (f; DEP; HHB; PH2; WOI); Fungus (1; ABS; FNF); Gallstone (f; HHB); Gastrosis (f; JFM; PH2); Gingivosis (f; DEP; WOI); Gout (f; HHB; SKJ; WOI); Headache (f; IED; JFM); Heart (f; JFM); Hepatosis (f; JFM); High Blood Pressure (1; HAD); Infection (1; ABS; FNF); Insomnia (f; KAB); Leukorrhea (f; SKJ; WOI); Mycosis (1; ABS; FNF); Nervousness (f; KAB); Neuralgia (f; IED); Pain (1; HAD; IED; JFM); Pharyngosis (f; WOI); Rheumatism (1; JFM; TRA); Sapremia (f; WOI); Sore (f; DEP; HHB); Sore Throat (f; SKJ); Stomachache (f; PH2); Stone (f; HHB); Tumor (1; ABS); Ulcer (f; WOI); Wound (f; DEP; HHB). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PHR). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). I could do it the lazy way and just say, “None reported.†And since it is a food species, I could live with this. TRAMIL notes that fruits and leaves are edible. Tests for uterotonicity were negative. Leaf EO (of Morinda lucida) kills aflatoxin fungi at 1000 ppm. Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PHR). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). I could do it the lazy way and just say, “None reported.†And since it is a food species, I could live with this. TRAMIL notes that fruits and leaves are edible. Tests for uterotonicity were negative. Leaf EO (of Morinda lucida) kills aflatoxin fungi at 1000 ppm. |
||
| NORTHERN MAIDENHAIR, POINTER WEED | Adiantum pedatum | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Antirheumatic (f; HHB); Demulcent (f; PH2); Diuretic (f; DEM; WO3); Emetic (f; DEM); Expectorant (f; HHB; PH2); Pectoral (f; DEP; PH2); Propecic (f; PH2). Indications: Abortion (f; DEM); Ague (f; DEM); Asthma (f; DEM; GMH); Backache (f; DEM); Bronchosis (f; PH2); Cardiopathy (f; DEM); Catarrh (f; DEP); Childbirth (f; DEM); Cold (f; WO3); Cough (f; GMH; PH2); Cramp (f; DEM); Debility (f; DEM); Dysentery (f; DEM); Dysmenorrhea (f; PH2); Dyspnea (f; DEM); Fever (f; DEM); Gastrosis (f; DEM); Gonorrhea (f; DEM); Gravel (f; GMH); Gray Hair (f; PH2); Headache (f; WO3); Hysteria (f; DEM); Insanity (f; DEM); Jaundice (f; GMH); Mastosis (f; DEM); Metrorrhagia (f; DEM); Nephrosis (f; GMH); Pain (f; PH2); Paralysis (f; DEM); Pertussis (f; PH2); Pleurisy (f; GMH); Pneumonia (f; DEM); Respirosis (f; PH2); Rheumatism (f; DEM; HHB); Snakebite (f; DEM); Sore (f; DEM); Sting (f; DEM); Water Retention (f; DEM; WO3). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Not for use during pregnancy (PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Not for use during pregnancy (PH2). |
||
| NUTMEG | Myristica fragrans | |
|
Synonyms: M. officinalis L. f. Actions: Abortifacient (f; EFS; HHB); Allergenic (1; PH2); Analgesic (f; AHP; APA; EFS); Antibacterial (1; APA); Anticancer (1; APA); Antiedemic (1; APA); Antiinflammatory (1; APA); Antioxidant (1; APA); Antiperistaltic (1; PH2); Antiseptic (1; PH2); Antitumor (1; APA); Aphrodisiac (f; APA; CRC; HHB); Astringent (f; CRC; EFS); Carminative (f; AHP; CRC; EFS); Digestive (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (f; APA); Euphoric (1; APA); Expectorant (f; HHB); Fungicide (1; APA); Hallucinogen (1; APA; CRC); Hepatotoxic (1; APA); Herbicide (1; CRC); Hypocholesterolemic (1; APA); Larvicide (1; APA); Narcotic (1; CRC); Poison (1; CRC); Psychotropic (1; CRC); Sedative (f; APA); Soporific (f; CRC; EFS); Stimulant (f; CRC; PHR); Stomachic (f; AHP; PHR). Indications: Agoraphobia (f; HHB); Anorexia (f; CRC); Arthrosis (f; JLH); Asthma (f; CRC); Bacteria (1; APA); Cancer (1; APA; CRC); Cancer, gum (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, joint (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, mouth (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; CRC; JLH); Childbirth (f; CRC); Cholera (f; FEL; PH2); Cold (f; CRC; FEL); Colic (f; AHP; CRC; HHB); Cramp (f; CRC; PH2); Cystosis (f; CRC; MPI); Debility (f; PH2); Diarrhea (1; AHP; APA; PH2); Dysentery (1; CRC; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (f; HHB); Dyspepsia (f; AHP; APA; CRC; PH2); Fever (f; CRC; FEL; PH2); Fungus (1; APA); Gas (f; AHP; APA; CRC; PH2); Gastrosis (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Headache (f; CRC; PH2); Heart (f; CRC); Heartburn (f; HHB); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC; FEL); Hepatosis (f; CRC); High Cholesterol (1; APA); Hypercalcemia (1; CRC); Hypochondria (f; HHB); Hysteria (f; HHB); Impotence (f; PH2); Induration (f; CRC; JLH); Infection (1; APA); Inflammation (1; APA; CRC; PH2); Insanity (f; CRC); Insomnia (f; APA; PH2); Lacrimosis (f; HHB); Leprosy (f; CRC); Leukorrhea (f; CRC; FEL); Lymphosis (f; CRC); Malaria (f; CRC; FEL; PH2); Mycosis (1; APA); Nausea (f; CRC); Nephrosis (f; APA; CRC); Nervousness (f; APA); Neuralgia (f; PH2); Neurasthenia (f; HHB); Neurosis (f; PH2); Ophthalmia (f; PH2); Pain (f; APA; AHP; APA; EFS); Paralysis (f; MPI); Pneumonia (f; FEL); Respirosis (f; CRC; PH2); Rheumatism (1; APA; CRC; MPI; PH2); Sciatica (f; CRC; MPI; PH2); Splenosis (f; CRC); Sprain (f; MPI); Stomachache (f; CRC; FEL; MPI); Stomatosis (f; APA); Swelling (1; APA); Toothache (f; APA); Tuberculosis (f; CRC); Tumor (1; APA; CRC; JLH); Urethrosis (f; MPI); UTI (f; CRC); Vomiting (f; PH2); Xerostomia (f; HHB). Dosage: Class 2b. Contains safrole. May interact with MAO. CNS-active (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Not to be used during pregnancy. Can trigger allergic dermatitis (PH2). More than 5 g powdered nutmeg or mace can cause acute panic, anxiety, coma, dizziness, double vision, drowsiness, excessive thirst, hallucinations, headache, liver pain, nausea, stomach pain, even death (AHP). “... as little as 2 whole nutmegs have been known to cause death in a little boy†(APA; FEL). Commission E reports contraindications for seed and aril: psychic disturbances by 5 g of seed, atropine-like action by 9 teaspoons of seed powder, abortion by higher doses. The EO contains the mutagenic and animal carcinogenic compound safrole. However, the use to correct smell or taste is permitted (AEH). On overdose, there may be hallucination and emesis; there may be frightening visions, a sensation of loss of limbs and a terrifying fear of impending death. Indeed, death has been reported from overdose (LRNP, September 1987). Contraindications: Class 2b. Contains safrole. May interact with MAO. CNS-active (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Not to be used during pregnancy. Can trigger allergic dermatitis (PH2). More than 5 g powdered nutmeg or mace can cause acute panic, anxiety, coma, dizziness, double vision, drowsiness, excessive thirst, hallucinations, headache, liver pain, nausea, stomach pain, even death (AHP). “... as little as 2 whole nutmegs have been known to cause death in a little boy†(APA; FEL). Commission E reports contraindications for seed and aril: psychic disturbances by 5 g of seed, atropine-like action by 9 teaspoons of seed powder, abortion by higher doses. The EO contains the mutagenic and animal carcinogenic compound safrole. However, the use to correct smell or taste is permitted (AEH). On overdose, there may be hallucination and emesis; there may be frightening visions, a sensation of loss of limbs and a terrifying fear of impending death. Indeed, death has been reported from overdose (LRNP, September 1987). |
||