| English Name | Botanical Name | More Info |
|---|---|---|
| BAI ZHU, ATRACTYLODES | Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Anhidrotic (f; LMP); Antiaggregant (1; HH3; LAF); Anticancer (1; HH3); Anticholinergic (1; X11263255); Antiinflammatory (1; LAF); Antioxidant (1; X8870957); Cardioactive (1; HH3); Diuretic (1; HH3; LAF); Fungicide (1; DAA); Hepatoprotective (1; LAF); Hypoglycemic (1; HH3; LAF); Immunostimulant (1; HH3; LAF); Laxative (f; LMP); Leukocytogenic (1; HH3); Phagocytotic (1; HH3; LAF); Sedative (f; DAA; LMP); Stomachic (f; DAA); Tonic (f; LAF); Uterorelaxant (1; X11263255). Indications: Anemia (f; DAA); Anorexia (f; HH3); Bronchosis (f; DAA); Cancer (1; HH3; LAF); Cancer, breast (f; DAA); Cancer, cervix (f; DAA); Cancer, stomach (f; DAA); Cancer, uterus (f; DAA); Cervisosis (f; DAA); Chemotherapy (f; LAF); Childbirth (f; DAA; LAF; LMP); Chill (f; DAA); Constipation (f; LAF; LMP); Cough (f; DAA); Diarrhea (f; DAA; LAF); Dyspepsia (f; DAA; LAF); Dysuria (f; DAA); Eczema (f; DAA; LMP); Edema (f; DAA); Enterosis (f; DAA); Fungus (1; DAA); Gas (f; LAF); Gastrosis (f; DAA); Hyperglycemia (1; HH3; LAF); Immunodepression (1; HH3; LAF); Infection (1; DAA); Inflammation (1; LAF); Insomnia (f; DAA; LMP); Jaundice (f; DAA); Leukopenia (1; HH3; LAF); Liver Spot (f; LAF); Mastosis (f; DAA); Mycosis (1; DAA); Nausea (f; DAA); Nervousness (f; DAA; LMP); Night Sweats (f; DAA); Radiation (f; LAF); Rheumatism (f; DAA); Splenosis (f; DAA; LAF); Uterosis (f; DAA); Vertigo (f; DAA); Virus (1; DAA); Water Retention (1; HH3; LAF); Wrinkle (f; LAF); Yeast (1; DAA). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). LD50 (Decoction) 13,300 mg/kg ipr mouse (HH3). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). LD50 (Decoction) 13,300 mg/kg ipr mouse (HH3). |
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| BALLOON FLOWER | Platycodon grandiflorum | |
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Synonyms: Campanula glauca Thunb., C. grandiflora Jacq., P. glaucus (Thunb.) Nakai Actions: Analgesic (1; FAY); Antiasthmatic (1; FAY); Antibacterial (1; FAY; PH2); Anticholinergic (1; DAA); Antihistaminic (1; DAA); Antiinflammatory (1; DAA; FAY; PH2; WHO; X7655427); Antipyretic (1; DAA; FAY); Antitumor (1; FAY); Antitussive (1; FAY; HH2; PH2; WHO); Antiulcer (1; PH2; WHO); Astringent (1; DAA; FAY; WOI); Carminative (1; DAA; FAY; WOI); CNS-Depressant (1; DAA; WHO); Expectorant (1; DAA; FAY; HH2; PH2; WHO); Hemolytic (1; DAA; WHO; WOI); Hemostat (f; FAY); Hypocholesterolemic (1; WHO; X11091095); Hypoglycemic (1; DAA; FAY; X11091095); Hypolipidemic (1; WHO; X11091095); Hypotensive (1; DAA; FAY); Hypotriglyceridemic (1; WHO; X11091095); Immunostimulant (1; ABS; X11407308); Mucogenic (1; WHO); Pancreatonic (1; X9342945); Secretagogue (f; DAA; FAY); Sedative (1; DAA; FAY; HH2; PH2; WOI); Sialagogue (1; WHO); TNF-genic (1; X11407308); Tonic (f; WHO); Tranquilizer (1; FAY); Vasodilator (1; FAY); Vermifuge (f; DAA). Indications: Abscess (1; DAA; FAY; WHO); Appendicitis (f; WOI); Arthrosis (1; WHO); Asthma (1; DAA; FAY; WHO); Bacteria (1; FAY; PH2); Bleeding (f; FAY); Blood Clot (1; WHO); Bronchosis (1; DAA; FAY; PH2; WOI); Cancer (1; DAA; FAY); Carbuncle (1; FAY); Cardiopathy (1; FAY; X11091095); Cholera (f; DAA); Cold (1; DAA; WHO); Cough (1; DAA; FAY; WHO); Dermatosis (f; FAY); Diabetes (1; FAY; X11091095); Diarrhea (1; DAA; FAY); Dry Mouth (1; WHO); Dysentery (f; DAA; FAY); Dyspepsia (f; DAA); Enterosis (f; FAY); Escherichia (1; HH2); Fever (1; DAA; FAY); Flu (f; DAA); Furuncle (1; FAY); Gas (1; DAA; FAY; WOI); Gastrosis (f; FAY); Gingivosis (f; FAY); High Blood Pressure (1; DAA; FAY; WHO); High Cholesterol (1; FAY; WHO; X11091095); High Triglycerides (1; WHO; X11091095); Hoarseness (f; FAY); Hyperglycemia (1; DAA; FAY; X11091095); Immunodepression (1; ABS; X11407308); Inflammation (1; DAA; FAY; PH2; WHO; X7655427); Insomnia (1; DAA; FAY; HH2; PH2; WHO; WOI); Laryngosis (f; DAA); Nausea (f; DAA); Nervousness (1; DAA; FAY; HH2; PH2; WOI); Neurosis (f; DAA); Obesity (1; WHO; X11091095); Pain (1; DAA; FAY); Pertussis (1; WHO); Pharyngosis (1; WHO); Pleurisy (f; FAY); Pneumonia (1; DAA; WHO); Puerperium (1; FAY); Pulmonosis (1; DAA; FAY; WHO); Respirosis (1; FAY; PH2; WHO); Sore (f; DAA); Sore Throat (1; DAA; FAY; PH2; WHO); Staphylococcus (1; HH2); Stomatosis (1; WHO; X7655427); Stress (1; FAY); Syndrome-X (1; X11091095); Tonsilosis (1; DAA; PH2; WHO; X7655427); Tumor (1; FAY); Ulcer (1; PH2; WHO); Virus (f; WHO); Worm (f; DAA). Dosage: Class 2d. Contraindicated in hemoptysis and tuberculosis; administer only with caution to patients with peptic ulcer. Canadian law disallows balloon flower as nonmedicinal ingredient in oral use products (AHP).“Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Depresses CNS; may be synergistic with other sedatives and CNS depressants. Since the herb is hemolytic, should be used orally and not injected (WHO). Believed incompatible with Bletilla hyacintha and Gentiana scabra (WHO). Decoction Median LD = 24,000 mg/kg orl mouse; MLD platycodin 420 mg/kg orl mouse, 800 mg/kg orl rat, 22.3 mg/kg ipr mouse, 14.1 mg/kg ipr rat (WHO). Contraindications: Class 2d. Contraindicated in hemoptysis and tuberculosis; administer only with caution to patients with peptic ulcer. Canadian law disallows balloon flower as nonmedicinal ingredient in oral use products (AHP).“Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Depresses CNS; may be synergistic with other sedatives and CNS depressants. Since the herb is hemolytic, should be used orally and not injected (WHO). Believed incompatible with Bletilla hyacintha and Gentiana scabra (WHO). Decoction Median LD = 24,000 mg/kg orl mouse; MLD platycodin 420 mg/kg orl mouse, 800 mg/kg orl rat, 22.3 mg/kg ipr mouse, 14.1 mg/kg ipr rat (WHO). |
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| BALMONY, TURTLEHEAD | Chelone glabra | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antibilious (f; EFS); Antidepressant (f; PNC); Antiemetic (f; PNC); Antiherpetic (f; CEB); Antipyretic (f; DEM); Aperitif (f; DEM; FAD); Bitter (f; HHB); Cholagogue (f; PNC); Contraceptive (f; CEB; FAD); Laxative (f; EFS; FAD; HHB; PNC); Tonic (f; EFS; HHB); Vermifuge (f; DEM; EFS). Indications: Anorexia (f; CEB; DEM; FAD); Cancer (f; JLH); Constipation (f; EFS; FAD; PNC); Debility (f; CEB); Dermatosis (f; CEB; HHB); Depression (f; PNC); Dyspepsia (f; CEB; FAD; PH2); Fever (f; CEB; DEM; FAD); Gall (f; DEM); Hemorrhoid (f; CEB; FAD);Hepatosis (f; CEB; FAD; HHB; PH2); Herpes (f; CEB; FAD); Inflammation (f; CEB; FAD; JLH); Jaundice (f; CEB; FAD); Mastosis (f; FAD); Nausea (f; PNC); Rheumatism (f; CEB); Sore (f; CEB; FAD); Ulcer (f; FAD); Virus (f; CEB); Vomiting (f; PNC); Worm (f; CEB; DEM; EFS; FAD; PH2); Yellow Fever (f; CEB). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). Food Plant (DEM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). Food Plant (DEM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). |
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| BALSAM FIR | Abies balsamea | |
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Synonyms: A. balsamea f. nana (J. Nelson) Beissner, A. balsamea var. phanerolepis Fernald, Pinus balsamea L. Actions: Abortifacient (f; DEM); Allergenic (1; FAD); Antiseptic (1; DEM; FAD); Diaphoretic (f; DEM); Diuretic (f; FAD); Laxative (f; DEM); Mucoirritant (1; FAD); Panacea (f; DEM). Indications: Arthrosis (f; DEM); Asthma (f; FAD; MIC); Bite (f; DEM); Boil (f; DEM); Bruise (f; FAD); Burn (f; DEM; FAD); Cancer (f; DEM; JLH); Chest (f; DEM); Childbirth (f; DEM); Cold (f; DEM; FAD; MIC); Colic (f; MIC); Congestion (f; MIC); Conjunctivosis (f; DEM); Constipation (f; DEM); Corn (f; JLH); Cough (f; DEM; FAD); Dentistry (f; FAD); Dermatosis (f; DEM); Diarrhea (f; DEM); Dysmenorrhea (f; DEM); Enuresis (f; DEM); Fever (f; DEM); Flu (f; MIC); Gonorrhea (f; DEM); Headache (f; DEM); Heart (f; DEM); Hemorrhoid (f; FAD); Itch (f; DEM); Infection (f; DEM); Nephrosis (f; DEM); Ophthalmia (f; DEM); Pain (f; DEM); Pulmonosis (f; DEM); Rheumatism (f; DEM); Scabies (f; DEM); Sore (f; DEM; FAD; MIC); Sore Throat (f; DEM; MIC); Sprain (f; DEM); Tuberculosis (f; DEM; MIC); Tumor (f; JLH); Ulcer (f; MIC); VD (f; DEM); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; FAD); Wound (f; DEM; FAD). Dosage: Contraindications: |
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| BALSAM OF PERU | Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. pereirae (Royle) Harms | |
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Synonyms: Myrospermum pereirae Royle, Myroxylon pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch, Toluifera pereirae (Royle) Baill. Actions: Acaricide (2; KOM; PIP); Antibacterial (2; KOM; PIP); Antipyretic (f; DAV); Antiseptic (2; KOM; PIP; PNC); Carcinogenic (1; CRC); Cicatrizant (1; 60P); Deodorant (f; CRC; IED; JFM); Diaphoretic (f; MAD); Diuretic (f; JFM); Expectorant (f; CRC; JFM; PNC); Fungicide (f; JFM); Hemostat (f; JFM); Parasiticide (2; CRC; JFM; PIP); Pectoral (f; EFS); Pediculicide (2; CRC; PIP); Rubefacient (f; CRC); Stimulant (f; EFS; PNC);Vermifuge (f; JFM); Vulnerary (f; CRC; 60P). Indications: Abscess (f; 60P); Alveolitis (f; CRC); Amenorrhea (f; CRC; JFM); Asthma (f; CRC; DAV; JFM); Bacteria (2; KOM; PIP); Bedsore (2; KOM; PHR; PIP); Bleeding (f; CRC; IED; JFM; PH2); Blenorrhea (f; MAD); Bronchosis (2; DAV; JFM; PHR; PH2); Bruise (2; KOM; PHR; PH2); Burn (2; KOM; PHR; PH2 PIP); Cancer (f; JLH); Carbuncle (f; MAD); Carcinoma (f; JLH); Caries (f; MAD); Catarrh (f; CRC; DAV; PNC); Chilblain (f; CRC; MAD; PIP); Childbirth (f; CRC; IED; PH2); Cold (2; PHR; PH2); Cough (2; JFM; PHR; PH2); Decubitis (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; CRC; JFM); Diarrhea (f; CRC; PNC); Dry Socket (f; CRC);Dysentery (f; JFM); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC; JFM); Eczema (f; PH2; PNC); Erythema (f; MAD); Fever (2; DAV; MAD; PHR); Frostbite (2; KOM; PHR; PH2); Fungus (f; JFM); Gonorrhea (f; CRC; JFM); Gout (f; MAD); Headache (f; CRC; PH2); Hemorrhoid (2; KOM; PHR; PH2; PIP); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (2; JFM; KOM; PHR; PH2); Inflammation (2; PH2); Itch (f; CRC; JFM; PH2; PNC); Laryngosis (f; CRC; JFM); Leukorrhea (f; CRC; JFM); Lice (1; CRC; PIP); Metrorrhagia (f; JFM; PH2); Mucososis (f; MAD; PH2); Mycosis (f; JFM); Osteomyelosis (f; CRC; JFM); Paralysis (f; MAD); Parasite (2; CRC; JFM; PIP); Pediculosis (2; CRC; PIP); Pharyngosis (2; PHR; PH2); Proctosis (f; CRC); Puerperium (f; JFM); Pulmonosis (f; DAV); Rash (f; PNC); Respirosis (f; MAD; PH2); Rheumatism (f; CRC; JFM; PH2; 60P); Scabies (2; CRC; KOM; PH2); Sore (2; JFM; PH2; PIP); Sprain (f; DAV); Staphylococcus (1; 60P); Stomatosis (2; PHR; PH2); Swelling (f; JLH); Tetanus (f; MAD); Toothache (f; CRC; JFM; PH2); Ticks (2; KOM; PIP); Tuberculosis (1; CRC; DAV); Tumor (f; JLH); Ulcer (f; CRC); Ulcus cruris (2; KOM); Urethrosis (f; PH2); Uterosis (f; CRC; PH2); VD (1; JFM; 60P); Water Retention (f; JFM); Whitlow (f; JLH); Worm (f; JFM); Wound (2; KOM; PHR; PH2; PIP; 60P). Dosage: Allergic skin reactions (KOM; PIP). Commission E reports contraindications: allergic disposition; adverse effects: allergic skin reactions. Application on large surfaces maximum 10%. Not to be used for more than 1 week (AEH). Contraindications: Allergic skin reactions (KOM; PIP). Commission E reports contraindications: allergic disposition; adverse effects: allergic skin reactions. Application on large surfaces maximum 10%. Not to be used for more than 1 week (AEH). |
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| BALSAM OF TOLU | Myroxylon balsamum | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antibacterial (1; PH2); Antiseptic (1; FNF; PH2; PNC); Expectorant (1; PHR; PH2; PNC); Fungicide (f; PH2); Stimulant (f; PNC). Indications: Bacteria (1; PH2); Bronchosis (2; PHR; PH2); Cancer (f; JLH); Catarrh (2; KOM; PIP); Cough (2; PHR; PH2; PNC); Fungus (f; PH2); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; PH2; PNC); Inflammation (1; PH2); Mucososis (1; PH2); Mycosis (f; PH2); Respirosis (1; PH2); Swelling (f; JLH); Wound (f; PH2). Dosage: None reported (KOM; PIP). Allergic reactions not reported but possible (PHR). Contraindications: None reported (KOM; PIP). Allergic reactions not reported but possible (PHR). |
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| BANEBERRY | Actaea spicata | |
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Synonyms: A. spicata var. nigra L. Actions: Antibacterial (1; PH2); Antiinflammatory (1; PH2); Antispasmodic (f; WO2); Cytotoxic (f; WO2); Deliriant (1; HHB); Emetic (f; PH2; WO2); Expectorant (f; WO2); Laxative (f; PH2); Neurosedative (f; SKJ); Parasiticide (1; WO2); Poison (1; WO2); Stomachic (f; WO2). Indications: Arthrosis (f; PH2); Asthma (f; WO2); Bacteria (1; PH2); Cancer (f; DAA; JLH); Cancer, thigh (f; JLH); Childbirth (f; WO2); Chorea (f; WO2); Cramp (f; WO2); Dermatosis (f; WO2); Headache (f; WO2); Infection (1; PH2); Inflammation (1; PH2); Lumbago (f; WO2); Neuralgia (f; WO2); Ovary (f; WO2); Parasite (1; WO2); Rheumatism (f; PH2); Scrofula (f; WO2); Uterosis (f; WO2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Poisonous, possibly fatal (WO2), internally causing colic, delirium, dizziness, dyspnea, enteritis, gastritis, nausea, and vomiting (HHB; WO2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Poisonous, possibly fatal (WO2), internally causing colic, delirium, dizziness, dyspnea, enteritis, gastritis, nausea, and vomiting (HHB; WO2). |
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| BAN XIA | Pinellia ternata | |
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Synonyms: Arisaema cochinchinense Blume, Arum dracontium Lour., A. ternatum Thunb., P. cochinchinense (Blume) W. Wight, P. wawrae Engl. Actions: Abortifacient (1; X8251058); Analgesic (1; DAA); Anesthetic (f; LMP); Anticomplementary (1; X7735195); Antidepressant (1; X11025166); Antiemetic (1; DAA; HHB); Antiinflammatory (f; AKT); Antitussive (f; DAA); Cholinergic (1; X8068197); Diaphoretic (f; LMP); Diuretic (f; LMP); Expectorant (f; AKT; DAA; HHB); Gastrotonic (1; X8348334); Hemostat (1; DAA; X9810270); Immunomodulator (1; X7735195); Propecic (f; DAA); Sedative (1; DAA); Tonic (f; LMP). Indications: Abscess (f; LMP); Alopecia (f; DAA); Arthrosis (f; DAA); Bleeding (1; DAA; X9810270); Blister (f; LMP); Bronchosis (f; DAA); Cancer (1; DAA; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; DAA); Cancer, stomach (f; DAA; JLH); Chest (f; DAA); Cough (f; DAA); Depression (1; X11025166); Dermatosis (f; LMP); Diarrhea (f; AKT); Dyspepsia (f; DAA); Fever (f; LMP); Flu (f; DAA); Gastrosis (f; DAA); Goiter (f; DAA); Gonorrhea (f; DAA); Headache (f; LMP); Hepatosis (f; LMP); Hiccup (f; DAA); Hyperemesis (f; LMP); Inflammation (1; AKT; LMP); Insomnia (1; DAA); Jaundice (f; DAA); Leukemia (f; DAA); Leukorrhea (f; DAA); Lichen (f; LMP); Malaria (f; DAA); Mastosis (f; DAA); Nausea (1; AKT; DAA); Nephrosis (f; LMP); Nervousness (1; DAA); Pain (1; DAA; LMP); Pancreatosis (f; LMP); Pharyngosis (f; DAA); Psoriasis (f; LMP); Pulmonosis (f; AKT); Respirosis (f; AKT); Rheumatism (f; DAA); Snakebite (f; DAA); Sore (f; LMP); Splenosis (f; LMP); Vomiting (1; AKT; DAA; HHB); Water Retention (f; LMP). Dosage: Class 2b, 2d; contraindicated in all cases of bleeding or blood disorders (AHP). Not covered (KOM; PH2). Must be processed prior to use, cooking with ginger, vinegar, and/or alum (AKT). Not for long-term use, nor in pregnancy (AKT). Contraindications: Class 2b, 2d; contraindicated in all cases of bleeding or blood disorders (AHP). Not covered (KOM; PH2). Must be processed prior to use, cooking with ginger, vinegar, and/or alum (AKT). Not for long-term use, nor in pregnancy (AKT). |
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| BARBASCO | Dioscorea composita | |
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Synonyms: D. terpinapensis Uline ex R. Knuth. Actions: Antiestrogenic (f; CRC); Contraceptive (f; CRC); Piscicide (1; CRC). Indications: Addison’s Disease (f; CRC); Allergy (f; CRC); Arthrosis (f; CRC); Bursitis (f; CRC); Dermatosis (f; CRC); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC); Impotence (f; CRC); Infertility (f; CRC); Menopause (f; CRC); PMS (f; CRC); Prostatosis (f; CRC); Psoriasis (f; CRC); Rheumatic Fever (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; CRC); Sciatica (f; CRC); Testicular Deficiency (f; CRC). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PHR). “Tubers are bitter and toxic. Steroidal drugs may produce serious side effects in the long run†(CRC). Diosgenin is converted by chemical means and elaborate processing to provide the final products that relieve arthrosis, asthma, and eczema, and to regulate metabolism and control fertility. Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PHR). “Tubers are bitter and toxic. Steroidal drugs may produce serious side effects in the long run†(CRC). Diosgenin is converted by chemical means and elaborate processing to provide the final products that relieve arthrosis, asthma, and eczema, and to regulate metabolism and control fertility. |
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| BARBERRY | Berberis vulgaris | |
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Synonyms: B. jacquinii hort. ex K. Koch, B. sanguinea hort. ex K. Koch, B. vulgaris f. atropurpurea Regel, B. vulgaris var. pupurea Bertin ex Jacques & Herincq. Actions: Alterative (f; CRC); Amebicide (1; APA; PNC); Antiacetylcholinesterase (1; MAB); Antialzheimeran (1; COX; FNF); Antiamnesic (1; MAB); Antiarrhythmic (1; LAF); Antiarthritic (1; COX; FNF); Antibacterial (1; APA; FAD); Anticancer (1; COX; FNF); Anticariogenic (1; MAB); Anticholinesterase (1; PNC); Anticonvulsant (1; APA; PNC); Antiemetic (1; MAB); Antifibrillatory (1; APA; LAF); Antihelicobacter (1; X9781854); Antihemorrhagic (1; PNC); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; PNC); Antiitch (f; FAD); Antimitotic (1; MAB); Antineoplastic (1; PNC); Antiperistaltic (1; FNF); Antipyretic (1; CRC; PH2; PNC); Antiscorbutic (1; PH2); Antiseptic (1; APA; CRC; FAD; PED; PH2; PNC); Antispasmodic (1; MAB; PED); Antitrypanosomic (1; PNC); Antitubercular (1; PNC); Antiulcer (1; X9781854); Aperitif (f; FAD; PH2); Astringent (1; APA; FAD); Bitter (f; HHB; PED); Cholagogue (1; CRC; HH2; PHR); Choleretic (1; CRC; FAD; HH2; MAB; PH2); Collyrium (1; MAB); Depurative (f; CRC; FAD; FEL; MAB); Diaphoretic (f; FAD); Diuretic (1; CRC; FAD; PHR; PH2); Expectorant (f; CRC; EFS; FAD); Fungicide (1; APA; PED; PNC);Hematigenic (FEL; PH2); Hepatotonic (f; MAD); Hypotensive (1; APA; HH2; PED; PH2; PNC); Immunostimulant (1; APA; LAF; PED; PH2); Laxative (1; APA; CRC; FAD); Leucocytogenic (1; PNC); Mydriatic (1; MAB); Negative Inotropic (1; PH2); Parasiticide (1; APA); Peristaltic (1; PHR; PH2); Positive Inotropic (1; PH2); Sedative (1; APA; PNC); Tonic (f; CRC; PED); Tranquilizer (1; PED); Uterotonic (1; APA; DEM; HH2; PNC); Vasoconstrictor (f; FAD). Indications: Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Ameba (1; APA; MAB; PNC); Amnesia (1; MAB); Anorexia (f; CRC; FAD; HHB; MAD; PED; PHR; PH2); Aphtha (f; FEL); Arrhythmia (1; LAB; LAF; MAB); Arthrosis (1; COX; FAD; FNF; HH2; MAB; MAD; PH2); Backache (f; MAD); Bacteria (1; APA; CRC; FAD); Biliousness (f; CRC; MAB); Bladder Stone (f; HHB); Bleeding (1; CRC; FAD; MAD; PED; PNC); Bronchosis (1; CRC; PED); Calculus (f; CRC; FEL); Cancer (1; COX; FNF; JLH; MAB); Cancer, colon (1; COX; FNF); Cancer, liver (1; COX; CRC; JLH); Cancer, mouth (1; COX; JLH); Cancer, neck (1; COX; CRC; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; COX; CRC; JLH); Cardiopathy (1; MAB); Caries (1; MAB); Catarrh (f; CRC); Chlorosis (f; MAD); Cholecystosis (f; CRC; KOM; MAB; MAD; PH2); Cholera (1; APA; FEL; MAB; MAD; PNC); Cold (f; PH2); Colic (f; CRC); Congestion (f; APA); Conjunctivosis (1; APA); Constipation (1; APA; CRC; FAD; MAB; PH2); Convulsion (1; APA; PNC); Cough (1; CRC; FAD); Cramp (1; KOM; MAB; PED; PH2); Cystosis (f; MAD); Debility (f; CRC); Dermatosis (f; CRC); Diabetes (1; MAB); Diarrhea (1; CRC; FAD; FEL; MAD; PH2; PNC); Dysentery (1; FEL; MAB; PNC); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC); Dyspepsia (f; APA; MAD; PHR; PH2); Dysuria (f; CRC; FEL; MAD); Enterosis (1; KOM; MAB); Eye Problem (1; MAB); Fever (1; APA; CRC; FAD; FEL; MAD; PED; PH2; PNC); Fistula (f; CRC); Flu (1; LAF); Flux (f; CRC); Fungus (1; APA; PED; PNC); Gall Bladder (1; FAD; MAB; PHR); Gallstone (f; CRC; MAB; MAD); Gastrosis (1; KOM; MAB; MAD; PH2); Giardia (1; MAB); Gingivosis (F; DEM); Gout (f; CRC; HH2; MAD; PHR; PH2); Gravel (f; CRC); Halitosis (f; CRC); Headache (f; MAD); Heartburn (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Helicobacter (1; X9781854); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC; MAD; PHR; PH2); Hepatosis (1; CRC; FAD; HH2; MAB; PH2); Herpes (f; APA; CRC); High Blood Pressure (1; APA; CRC; HH2; PED; PH2; PNC); Hypertyraminemia (1; MAB); Immunodepression (1; APA; LAF; PED; PH2); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; APA; FAD; PED; PH2; PNC); Inflammation (1; APA; COX; CRC; FNF; PNC); Insomnia (1; APA; PNC); Irritation (f; CRC); Itch (1; CRC; FAD; MAB); Jaundice (1; APA; CRC; DEM; FAD; FEL; PH2); Kidney Stone (f; HHB; MAD); Knee Pain (f; CRC); Amenorrhea (1; APA; PNC); Leishmaniasis (1; MAB; MAD; PHR; PH2); Leprosy (f; MAD); Leucocytogenic (1; PNC); Leukorrhea (f; CRC); Lumbago (f; CRC; MAD; PHR; PH2); Malaria (f; MAD; PHR; PH2); Metrorrhagia (f; CRC; MAD); Morphinism (f; MAD; PHR; PH2); Mucososis (f; CRC); Mycosis (1; APA; MAB; PED; PNC); Nausea (1; MAB); Negative Inotropic (1; HH2; PH2); Nephrosis (f; CRC; FEL; KOM; MAD; PH2); Nervousness (1; APA; PED; PNC); Neuralgia (f; CRC); Neurosis (f; MAD); NIDDM (1; MAB); Odontosis (f; MAD); Ophthalmia (f; APA); Opiate Withdrawal (f; PHR); Oxaluria (f; CRC); Parasite (1; APA); Phthisis (f; MAD); Plague (f; APA); Polyp (f; CRC); Positive Inotropic (1; HH2; PH2); Protozoa (f; CRC); Pulmonosis (f; HHB); Pyelosis (f; MAD); Renal Colic (f; CRC); Retinosis (f; MAD); Rheumatism (1; COX; CRC; FAD; MAD); Ringworm (f; CRC); Sacral Pain (f; CRC); Salmonella (1; CRC; HDR); Scrofula (f; MAD); Sore Throat (f; MAD); Splenosis (f; HH2; PH2); Staphylococcus (1; CRC; HDR); Stomatosis (f; JLH); Streptococcus (1; CRC; HDR); Scab (f; CRC); Sciatica (f; APA; FAD); Scrofula (f; CRC; PHR); Side Pain (f; CRC); Sore (f; CRC); Sore Throat (f; APA; DEM); Splenosis (f; CRC; HH2; KOM; PH2); Spermatic Cords (f; CRC); Spleen (f; CRC); Stomachache (f; PH2); Stomatosis (f; APA; CRC); Stone (f; HHB); Stress (1; PED); Trachoma (1; MAB); Trichomoniasis (1; MAB); Tuberculosis (1; ABS; CRC; MAD; PHR; PH2; PNC); Tumor (f; CRC); Typhus (f; CRC); Ulcer (f; CRC; X9781854); Urethrosis (f; MAD); Uterrhagia (f; APA); Uterosis (f; CRC; KOM); UTI (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Vaginismus (f; CRC); Vaginosis (1; APA); Vomiting (1; MAB); Water Retention (1; CRC; FAD; PHR; PH2); Worm (1; MAB); Wound (1; APA); Yeast (1; APA; PED). Dosage: Class 2b (AHP). Unapproved (KOM). (Several species mentioned. Should this be included since it is written up as the alkaloid berberine?) Possibly hepatotoxic. Oral administration appeared to cause nausea, emesis, diarrhea, renal irritation, and nephrosis in unanesthetized dogs. Canadians do not allow berberine containing bark, even in alcoholic beverages. Commission E reports no risks are known for the fruit, but other parts contain the alkaloid berberine (AEH). One source says high doses are dangerous, but Commission E says that berberine at 500 mg (equiv. to >8 g root bark with 6.1% alkaloid) is well tolerated (KOM). But high dosages (of berberine) may generate serious dyspnea and spasms, ending in lethal primary paralysis of the respiratory system (25 mg/kg in cats and dogs). Such doses may also cause hemorrhagic nephrosis (KOM). Death from berberine has been reported (MAB). I suspect the herbal PDR erred in saying of the root bark, “Dosages over 4 mg will bring about light stupor, nosebleeds, vomiting, diarrhea, and kidney irritation.†It also said, “No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages†(PH2), and gave 2 g as root bark dosage (Gruenwald, 2000). Though no toxicity problems have been observed so far, avoid preparations during pregnancy due to uterotonic activity (PNC). Contraindicated for pregnant women due to its stimulant effect on the uterus. Berberine is reportedly mutagenic in yeast cells and Ames test (intercalation into the DNA) (PH2). Upset stomach, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or faintness may occur. Convulsions, drastic lowering of blood pressure, heart rate, or respiration may be caused by large doses of barberry. In cases of heart disease or chronic respiratory conditions, consult health care practitioner before using (TMA, 1996). If Barney is right in saying that “goldenseal should not be taken for long periods of time,†I suspect that the same would be true for those herbs containing similar compounds, such as barberry, goldthread, oregon grape, and yellowroot. Therefore, I lowered their safety ratings to 1+ (Barney, 1996). Extracts (Barberry) — Berbamine strongly active against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus viridans. Berbamine increases white blood cell and platelet counts in animals; used in China for “essential hypotension†(PNC) and leukopenia following chemotherapy and/or radiation. Palmatine anticholinesterase, hypotensive, and uterostimulant. Jatrorrhizine antifungal, hypotensive, and sedative. Magnoflorine and oxyacanthine also hypotensive. Alkaloids with many additional activities. A good source of the COX-2 inhibitor, berberine (COX; FNF). Berberine showed bactericide property superior to chloramphenicol (APA). Contraindications: Class 2b (AHP). Unapproved (KOM). (Several species mentioned. Should this be included since it is written up as the alkaloid berberine?) Possibly hepatotoxic. Oral administration appeared to cause nausea, emesis, diarrhea, renal irritation, and nephrosis in unanesthetized dogs. Canadians do not allow berberine containing bark, even in alcoholic beverages. Commission E reports no risks are known for the fruit, but other parts contain the alkaloid berberine (AEH). One source says high doses are dangerous, but Commission E says that berberine at 500 mg (equiv. to >8 g root bark with 6.1% alkaloid) is well tolerated (KOM). But high dosages (of berberine) may generate serious dyspnea and spasms, ending in lethal primary paralysis of the respiratory system (25 mg/kg in cats and dogs). Such doses may also cause hemorrhagic nephrosis (KOM). Death from berberine has been reported (MAB). I suspect the herbal PDR erred in saying of the root bark, “Dosages over 4 mg will bring about light stupor, nosebleeds, vomiting, diarrhea, and kidney irritation.†It also said, “No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages†(PH2), and gave 2 g as root bark dosage (Gruenwald, 2000). Though no toxicity problems have been observed so far, avoid preparations during pregnancy due to uterotonic activity (PNC). Contraindicated for pregnant women due to its stimulant effect on the uterus. Berberine is reportedly mutagenic in yeast cells and Ames test (intercalation into the DNA) (PH2). Upset stomach, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or faintness may occur. Convulsions, drastic lowering of blood pressure, heart rate, or respiration may be caused by large doses of barberry. In cases of heart disease or chronic respiratory conditions, consult health care practitioner before using (TMA, 1996). If Barney is right in saying that “goldenseal should not be taken for long periods of time,†I suspect that the same would be true for those herbs containing similar compounds, such as barberry, goldthread, oregon grape, and yellowroot. Therefore, I lowered their safety ratings to 1+ (Barney, 1996). Extracts (Barberry) — Berbamine strongly active against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus viridans. Berbamine increases white blood cell and platelet counts in animals; used in China for “essential hypotension†(PNC) and leukopenia following chemotherapy and/or radiation. Palmatine anticholinesterase, hypotensive, and uterostimulant. Jatrorrhizine antifungal, hypotensive, and sedative. Magnoflorine and oxyacanthine also hypotensive. Alkaloids with many additional activities. A good source of the COX-2 inhibitor, berberine (COX; FNF). Berberine showed bactericide property superior to chloramphenicol (APA). |
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