| English Name | Botanical Name | More Info |
|---|---|---|
| TURMERIC | Curcuma longa | |
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Synonyms: C. domestica Valeton. Actions: Alterative (f; DAD; SUW); Amebicide (1; MPI); Analgesic (1; BIB; COX); Antacid (f; BIB; DAD); Antiaggregant (1; AKT; MAB; SKY); Antiangiogenic (1; MAB); Antiarthritic (1; APA; PED; WHO); Antibacterial (1; APA; MAB; MPI); Anticholeretic (1; DAD); Antidote, arsenic (f; DAD); Antiedemic (1; WHO); Antifertility (1; PH2; PNC); Antihistaminic (1; MAB; MPI; SKY); Anti-HIV (1; MAB); Antiinflammatory (2; APA; KOM; PH2; TRA; WAM); Antiintegrase (1; MAB; WHO); Antileukemic (1; AKT); Antileukotriene (1; BGB); Antilymphomic (1; APA; JAD; MAB); Antimutagenic (1; BGB; MAB); Antioxidant (1; PHR; PH2; WAM; WHO); Antiprostaglandin (1; PH2); Antipsoriatic (1; FNF); Antipyretic (1; BIB; COX); Antiseptic (1; MAB; PH2; PNC); Antispasmodic (1; BIB; SHT); Antithromboxane (1; MAB); Antitumor (1; APA; MAB; PH2; TRA); Antiulcer (1; TRA; WHO); Aperitif (2; BIB; PHR); Astringent (f; BIB); Bitter (1; AKT); Cardioprotective (1; MAB); Carminative (1; APA; MAB; SUW; WHO); Chemopreventive (1; MAB); Cholagogue (1; BGB; SHT; TRA); Choleretic (2; KOM; SHT; TRA; WHO); Cholecystokinetic (2; KOM; SHT; WHO); Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor (1; MAB; PNC); Cytotoxic (1; MAB); Decongestant (f; BIB); Depurative (f; MAB; SUW); Digestive (1; MAB); Diuretic (f; APA; BIB); Dusgeusia (f; KAB); Emmenagogue (1; AHP; DAD); Expectorant (f; BIB); Fibrinolytic (1; MAB); Fungicide (1; MAB); Gastroprotective (1; WHO); Hemostat (f; DAD); Hepatoprotective (2; AKT; APA; DAD; PH2; PNC; TRA); Hepatotoxic (1; MAB); Hypocholesterolemic (1; APA; MAB; TRA; WAM); Hypolipidemic (2; MAB; PHR); Hypotriglyceridemic (1; TRA); Immunostimulant (1; BGB; TRA); Insectifuge (1; PHR); Laxative (f; BIB); Lice (f; HAD); Lipolytic (f; PH2); Litholytic (1; HHB; MAB); Mucogenic (1; WHO); Mucolytic (f; AKT); Myorelaxant (1; WHO); Nematicide (1; MAB); NO Scavenger (1; MAB); ODC Inhibitor (1; MAB); Parasiticide (f; DAD; SUW); Phagocytotic (1; BGB; WHO); Protisticide (1; APA; MPI; PNC); Secretagogue (1; TRA); Secretolytic (1; TRA); Stimulant (f; BIB; SUW); Stomachic (f; BIB); TNF Inhibitor (1; MAB); Tonic (1; SUW); Ulcerogenic (1; APA; MAB; WHO); Uterotonic (1; AHP); Vermifuge (f; KAB; SUW); Vulnerary (1; AKT; KAB). Indications: Abscess (1; FNF; TRA); Adenopathy (f; DAD; JLH); Allergy (1; WAM); Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Ameba (1; MPI); Amenorrhea (1; BGB; PH2; WHO); Anorexia (2; BGB; BIB; BRU; PHR; PH2); Arthrosis (1; APA; KAP; MAB; PED; WAM; WHO); Asthma (1; MAB; WHO); Atherosclerosis (1; MAB; SKY); Athlete’s Foot (1; FNF); Bacteria (1; APA; MAB; MPI); Bite (f; BIB; PH2); Bleeding (f; DAD; PED; PH2); Boil (1; DAD; WHO); Bronchosis (f; BIB; PH2); Bruise (f; DAV; PED; PH2; WHO); Bursitis (1; SKY); Cancer (1; APA; BGB; MAB; PH2; TRA); Cancer, abdomen (1; COX; FNF; JLH); Cancer, breast (1; COX; FNF; MAB); Cancer, colon (1; COX; FNF; JLH; JNU); Cancer, joint (1; JLH; MAB); Cancer, mouth (1; COX; FNF; JLH); Cancer, nose (1; COX; FNF; JLH); Cancer, sinew (1; COX; FNF; JLH); Cardiopathy (1; AKT; MAB); Cataract (1; MAB); Catarrh (f; UPW); Chest Ache (f; PH2); Childbirth (f; DAD); Cholecystosis (2; APA; PHR); Cold (f; KAP; PH2); Colic (f; APA; PED; PH2); Coma (f; DAD); Congestion (f; APA; BIB); Conjunctivosis (f; KAB; MAB; PH2; SUW); Constipation (f; BIB; PH2); Coryza (f; KAB); Cramp (1; AKT; BIB; DAD; SHT); Cystosis (f; PH2); Dermatosis (1; AKT; MAB; PH2; SUW; WHO; WOI); Diarrhea (1; APA; WHO); Dropsy (f; DAD); Dusgeusia (f; KAB); Dysmenorrhea (1; AKT; APA; PED; WHO); Dyspepsia (2; KOM; MAB; PH2; WHO); Dysuria (f; DAD); Eczema (1; BGB; KAP; MAB); Edema (1; KAP; PH2; WHO); Elephantiasis (f; DAD); Enterosis (1; AKT; DAD; PH2; WHO); Epilepsy (f; WHO); Epistaxis (f; DAD; PH2); Fever (1; APA; BIB; COX); Fibrosis (1; BGB; MAB); Fungus (1; BIB; MAB; PH2); Gallstone (1; APA; MAB); Gas (1; APA; MAB; PH2; SUW; WHO); Gastrosis (f; PH2); Gonorrhea (f; BIB; KAB); Gray Hair (f; HAD); Headache (f; PH2); Hematemesis (f; DAD; PH2); Hematuria (f; DAD); Hemorrhoid (f; MAB); Hepatosis (2; AKT; APA; DAD; MAB; PED; PHR; PH2; PNC; TRA); High Blood Pressure (1; KAP); High Cholesterol (1; AKT; APA; MAB; TRA; WAM); High Triglycerides (1; MAB; TRA); HIV (1; MAB); Hyperlipidemia (1; MAB); Hysteria (f; DAD); IBS (1; PED); Immunodepression (1; BGB; TRA); Infection (2; MAB; MPI; PH2); Inflammation (2; APA; KOM; PHR; PH2; TRA; WAM; WHO); Itch (f; APA; KAP; PH2); Jaundice (1; MAB; TRA); Laryngosis (1; BIB; COX); Leprosy (f; PH2); Leukemia (1; AKT); Leukoderma (f; DAD); Lymphoma (1; BIB; COX; FNF); Malaria (f; KAP; PH2); Mania (f; DAD); Morning Sickness (1; MAB); Mucososis (f; PH2); Mycosis (1; MAB; PH2); Nephrosis (1; AKT; PH2); Obesity (2; MAB; PHR); Ophthalmia (1; AKT; DAD; PH2); Osteoarthrosis (1; MAB); Ozena (f; KAB); Pain (1; BIB; COX; WHO); Parasite (f; BIB; DAD; KAP; SUW); Polyp (1; COX; JLH; JNU); Psoriasis (1; FNF; MAB); Puerperium (f; MAB); Radiation (1; AKT); Restenosis (1; MAB); Rheumatism (1; BIB; COX; SKY); Rhinosis (1; COX; JLH); Ringworm (f; APA; BIB; KAP; PH2); Scabies (2; BGB); Smallpox (f; DAD); Sore (f; PH2); Sore Throat (f; PH2); Sprain (1; MAB; SUW); Staphylococcus (1; MPI; UPW); Stone (1; HHB; MAB); Stroke (f; PH2); Swelling (1; AKT; COX; PH2; WHO); Syphilis (f; DAD); Trauma (f; AKT); Tumor (1; APA; MAB; PH2; TRA); Ulcer (1; BIB; COX; PED; TRA; WHO); Uveosis (2; AKT); VD (f; BIB; DAD); Vertigo (f; BIB; DAD); Vomiting (f; PH2); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; APA; BIB); Whitlow (f; JLH); Worm (f; KAB; SUW); Wound (1; APA; BGB; PH2; SUW; WAM); Yeast (1; PED). Dosage: Class 2b. Emmenagogue and uterotonic. Contraindicated in patients with bile duct obstruction, gallstones, hyperacidity, and stomach ulcers (AHP; AEH). While in moderate doses, turmeric is said to inhibit cancers, lymphomas and ulcers, overdoses of curcuminoids may possibly be cytotoxic and ulcerogenic, and may lead to diminution of red and white corpuscles. Still, Commission E approves 1.5–3 g/day, not nearly enough to provide 1200 mg curcumin. Commission E also reports contraindications: biliary obstruction; adverse effects: GI irritation from continued use; consult physicians before using if a patient has gallstones (BIS; KOM). At 10% of diet, turmeric caused some loss of hair in rats (MAB). Care should be taken in women who wish to conceive or patients complaining of alopecia (MAB). Rather frightening what one reads in UPW (2000): Laboratory animals treated with it are reported to have been rendered entirely infertile. Women who are pregnant, or children (not yet widely in children) with gallbladder or liver disease or ulcers, should avoid turmeric (WAM). Limit internal use to 10 days (WAM). Extracts (Turmeric) — Fond as I am of synergy and food farmacy, I like the following comments: Curcumin and genistein can inhibit estrogen-positive human breast cells induced by estradiol or pesticides individually or mixed. Curcumin and genistein were synergistic, totally inhibiting induction in vitro. Curcuminoids inhibit cancer at initiation, promotion and progression in vitro and in vivo (MAB). Viva curried bean soup, like I am having for lunch. Reportedly as effective as hydrocortisone acetate or indomethacin in experimental inflammation (WHO). Both natural antiinflammatory curcumin (1200 mg/day) and unnatural phenylbutazone (30 mg/day) improved joint swelling, morning stiffness, and walking time in people with rheumatoid arthritis, both better than placebo (WHO). Bruneton notes that the antiinflammatory ED50 of curcumin orally in rats is 48 mg/kg ( = 4.8 g in me) and is apparently devoid of side effects (BRU), while the ipr ED50 is only 2.1 mg/kg, suggesting that the ipr route is 20 times more effective. But I am not into injecting herbs. Enjoy your curried beans, counting on those synergies. Duke suggests curcumin needs to be compared with Celebrex and Vioxx as a COX-2 inhibitor. EO showed significant antihistaminic and antiinflammatory activity, the latter at 0.1 ml/kg, which translates to 10 ml for me, a rather dangerous dose. At a dose of 1.5 g/day/30 days, turmeric reduced urinary excretion of mutagens in an uncontrolled trial of 16 chronic smokers. In six nonsmoking controls there was no change in urinary secretion. Turmeric had no effect on serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase, blood glucose, creatinine, and lipid profile (MAB). Turmeric extract (~20 mg curcumin/ day) for 45 days dramatically decreased blood lipid peroxide levels in 18 male subjects (MAB). Curcumin is poorly absorbed (some 15–35% max in rats) orally but if administered with piperine (from black and long pepper), absorption is improved more than 150% in rats. But in human volunteers, 20 mg piperine increases bioavailability of curcumin 20-fold (MAB). One study indicated curcumin and sodium curcuminate were more potent than phenylbutazone in acute and chronic arthritic models, while another found it only 1/10th as effective as ibuprofen. While ulcerogenic in large doses, curcumin is only about one-third as ulcerogenic as the phenylbutazone. In low doses, curcumin had antiulcer activity, protecting against the ulcerogenic activity of phenylbutazone (MAB). 1-Phenylhydroxy-N-pentane stimulates the secretion of secretin, gastrin and bicarbonate, helping maintain the gastric pH in dogs and humans (TRA). LD50 ether extracts 12,200 mg/kg orl rat (MAB), LDlo curcumin >2000 mg/kg orl mus (MAB), LDlo curcumin >5000 mg/kg orl rat (MAB). Contraindications: Class 2b. Emmenagogue and uterotonic. Contraindicated in patients with bile duct obstruction, gallstones, hyperacidity, and stomach ulcers (AHP; AEH). While in moderate doses, turmeric is said to inhibit cancers, lymphomas and ulcers, overdoses of curcuminoids may possibly be cytotoxic and ulcerogenic, and may lead to diminution of red and white corpuscles. Still, Commission E approves 1.5–3 g/day, not nearly enough to provide 1200 mg curcumin. Commission E also reports contraindications: biliary obstruction; adverse effects: GI irritation from continued use; consult physicians before using if a patient has gallstones (BIS; KOM). At 10% of diet, turmeric caused some loss of hair in rats (MAB). Care should be taken in women who wish to conceive or patients complaining of alopecia (MAB). Rather frightening what one reads in UPW (2000): Laboratory animals treated with it are reported to have been rendered entirely infertile. Women who are pregnant, or children (not yet widely in children) with gallbladder or liver disease or ulcers, should avoid turmeric (WAM). Limit internal use to 10 days (WAM). Extracts (Turmeric) — Fond as I am of synergy and food farmacy, I like the following comments: Curcumin and genistein can inhibit estrogen-positive human breast cells induced by estradiol or pesticides individually or mixed. Curcumin and genistein were synergistic, totally inhibiting induction in vitro. Curcuminoids inhibit cancer at initiation, promotion and progression in vitro and in vivo (MAB). Viva curried bean soup, like I am having for lunch. Reportedly as effective as hydrocortisone acetate or indomethacin in experimental inflammation (WHO). Both natural antiinflammatory curcumin (1200 mg/day) and unnatural phenylbutazone (30 mg/day) improved joint swelling, morning stiffness, and walking time in people with rheumatoid arthritis, both better than placebo (WHO). Bruneton notes that the antiinflammatory ED50 of curcumin orally in rats is 48 mg/kg ( = 4.8 g in me) and is apparently devoid of side effects (BRU), while the ipr ED50 is only 2.1 mg/kg, suggesting that the ipr route is 20 times more effective. But I am not into injecting herbs. Enjoy your curried beans, counting on those synergies. Duke suggests curcumin needs to be compared with Celebrex and Vioxx as a COX-2 inhibitor. EO showed significant antihistaminic and antiinflammatory activity, the latter at 0.1 ml/kg, which translates to 10 ml for me, a rather dangerous dose. At a dose of 1.5 g/day/30 days, turmeric reduced urinary excretion of mutagens in an uncontrolled trial of 16 chronic smokers. In six nonsmoking controls there was no change in urinary secretion. Turmeric had no effect on serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase, blood glucose, creatinine, and lipid profile (MAB). Turmeric extract (~20 mg curcumin/ day) for 45 days dramatically decreased blood lipid peroxide levels in 18 male subjects (MAB). Curcumin is poorly absorbed (some 15–35% max in rats) orally but if administered with piperine (from black and long pepper), absorption is improved more than 150% in rats. But in human volunteers, 20 mg piperine increases bioavailability of curcumin 20-fold (MAB). One study indicated curcumin and sodium curcuminate were more potent than phenylbutazone in acute and chronic arthritic models, while another found it only 1/10th as effective as ibuprofen. While ulcerogenic in large doses, curcumin is only about one-third as ulcerogenic as the phenylbutazone. In low doses, curcumin had antiulcer activity, protecting against the ulcerogenic activity of phenylbutazone (MAB). 1-Phenylhydroxy-N-pentane stimulates the secretion of secretin, gastrin and bicarbonate, helping maintain the gastric pH in dogs and humans (TRA). LD50 ether extracts 12,200 mg/kg orl rat (MAB), LDlo curcumin >2000 mg/kg orl mus (MAB), LDlo curcumin >5000 mg/kg orl rat (MAB). |
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| UNICORN ROOT | Aletris farinosa | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antiinflammatory (1; FAD); Carminative (f; CRC); Diuretic (f; CRC); Emetic (f; CRC; GMH); Emmenagogue (f; DEM); Estrogenic (1; CRC; HH2; PHR; PNC); Laxative (f; CRC; GMH); Narcotic (f; CRC; GMH); Sedative (f; CRC); Stomachic (f; CRC; PNC); Tonic (f; PH2; PNC); Vermifuge (f; CRC). Indications: Abortion (f; CRC); Ague (f; CRC); Amenorrhea (f; PHR; PH2); Anasarca (f; CRC); Anorexia (f; PH2; PNC); Backache (f; CRC); Bronchosis (f; PH2); Chlorosis (f; CRC); Colic (f; CRC); Constipation (f; CRC; GMH); Cough (f; CRC); Debility (f; PNC); Diarrhea (f; FAD); Dysentery (f; CRC); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; CRC; PH2; PNC); Dysuria (f; CRC); Enterosis (f; PH2); Fever (f; CRC; DEM); Gas (f; CRC; PH2); Gastrosis (f; CRC; PH2); Hysteria (f; CRC; DEM; PH2); Inflammation (1; FAD); Insomnia (f; CRC); Jaundice (f; CRC; FAD); Miscarriage (f; CRC); Nervousness (f; CRC); Neurosis (f; PH2); Prolapse (f; PHR; PH2); Pulmonosis (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; CRC; FAD); Sore (f; CRC); Stomachache (f; CRC); Strangury (f; CRC); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Uterosis (f; CRC); Vaginosis (f; PHR; PH2); Water Retention (f; CRC); Womb (f; CRC); Worm (f; CRC). Dosage: Class 2d (AHP). Antagonizes some oxytocins (AHP). In Canada, it is not allowed as a nonmedicinal ingredient in oral-use products (AHP). None reported (PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Though used for colic, “colicroot†may cause hypogastric colic (FAD). Contraindications: Class 2d (AHP). Antagonizes some oxytocins (AHP). In Canada, it is not allowed as a nonmedicinal ingredient in oral-use products (AHP). None reported (PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Though used for colic, “colicroot†may cause hypogastric colic (FAD). |
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| UPLAND COTTON | Gossypium hirsutum | |
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Synonyms: G. hirsutum subsp. latifolium (Murray) Roberty, G. hirsutum var. punctatum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty, G. jamaicense Macfad., G. lanceolatum Tod., G. mexicanum Tod., G. morrillii O. F. Cook & J. Hubb., G. palmeri G. Watt, G. punctatum Schumach. & Thonn., G. purpurascens Poir., G. religiosum L., G. schottii G. Watt, G. taitense Parl., G. tridens O. F. Cook & J. Hubb. Species are not necessarily distinguishable, activities and indications are often lumped; see, e.g., JFM. Actions: Abortifacient (1; CRC; FNF; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; PH2); Astringent (f; CRC); Contraceptive (1; CRC; PH2); Cytostat (1; PH2); Diuretic (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (1; AHP; CRC); Emollient (f; CRC); Hemostat (f; CRC); Hypercholesterolemic (1; PH2); Hypertriglyceridemic (f; PH2); Hypocholesterolemic (f; PH2); Lactagogue (f; CRC); Oxytocic (f; CRC); Uterotonic (1; AHP); Vasoconstrictor (f; CRC). Indications: Asthma (f; CRC); Bite (f; PH2); Bleeding (f; CRC); Bronchosis (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, nose (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Childbirth (f; HHB; PH2); Climacteric (f; PH2); Cold (f; JFM); Constipation (f; PH2); Cough (f; PH2); Cramp (f; JFM); Cystosis (f; PH2); Diarrhea (f; CRC); Dysentery (f; CRC; JFM); Dyslactea (f; JFM; PH2); Dysuria (f; JFM); Earache (f; JFM); Enterosis (f; JFM); Epilepsy (f; PH2); Fever (f; HHB; JFM); Fibroid (1; CRC; FNF); Gonorrhea (f; PH2); Headache (f; CRC; PH2); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC; JFM); High Blood Pressure (f; JFM); High Cholesterol (f; PH2); Hypochondria (f; CRC); Inflammation (f; JFM); Laryngosis (f; JFM); Pain (f; JFM); Polyp (f; CRC; FNF); Pulmonosis (f; JFM); Rheumatism (f; JFM); Snakebite (f; PH2); Tumor (1; CRC; FNF); Uterosis (f; CRC; FNF); UTI (f; JFM); Water Retention (f; CRC). Dosage: Class 2b (AHP). Contraindicated in urogenital irritation or tendency to inflammation; may sterilize men (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Drug is toxic due to gossypol. Animals fed seed press cakes for 3–4 weeks showed enterosis, gastrosis, hematuria, jaundice, nephritis, and ophthalmic disorders (PH2). Contraindications: Class 2b (AHP). Contraindicated in urogenital irritation or tendency to inflammation; may sterilize men (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Drug is toxic due to gossypol. Animals fed seed press cakes for 3–4 weeks showed enterosis, gastrosis, hematuria, jaundice, nephritis, and ophthalmic disorders (PH2). |
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| USNEA | Usnea | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (1; BGB); Antibacterial (1; FNF; WAM); Antiinflammatory (1; FNF); Antisarcomic (1; BGB); Antiseptic (2; BGB; KOM; PH2); Antitumor (1; BGB); Candidicide (1; BGB); Deodorant (1; BGB); Expectorant (f; BGB); Fungicide (1; BGB; WAM); Parasiticide (1; WAM). Indications: Bacteria (1; FNF; WAM); Boil (f; BGB); Bronchosis (f; BGB); Cancer (1; BGB; JLH); Candida (1; BGB); Cough (1; WAM); Cystosis (f; BGB); Fungus (1; BGB; WAM); Headache (f; BGB); Heatstroke (f; BGB); Infection (1; BGB; WAM); Inflammation (1; FNF; PH2); Lymphadenosis (f; BGB); Mucososis (2; HHB; KOM; PH2); Mycosis (1; BGB; WAM); Nephrosis (f; BGB); Pain (1; BGB); Parasite (1; WAM); Pharyngosis (2; KOM; PH2); Pleurosis (f; BGB); Scrofula (f; BGB); Sore (f; BGB); Sore Throat (f; BGB; PH2); Stomatosis (2; KOM; PH2); Strep Throat (f; BGB); Swelling (f; BGB; JLH); Tuberculosis (f; BGB; HHB); Tumor (1; BGB); UTI (f; BGB); Wart (f; JLH); Wound (f; BGB); Yeast (1; BGB). Dosage: None known (KOM; WAM). How’s this for a template, “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). “Following overdosage, signs of poisoning could appear. These signs have yet to be described†(PHR; PH2). Contraindications: None known (KOM; WAM). How’s this for a template, “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). “Following overdosage, signs of poisoning could appear. These signs have yet to be described†(PHR; PH2). |
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| UZARA | Xysmalobium undulatum | |
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Synonyms: Asclepias undulata L. Actions: Cardioactive (2; KOM; PIP); Digitalic (1; PH2); Motility Inhibitor (2; KOM; PIP). Indications: Diarrhea (2; KOM; PIP; PH2); Dysentery (f; PHR; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). Commission E reports for the root, no known side effects or interactions with other drugs; contraindicated with cardioactive glycosides. Consult a physician when diarrhea lasts for more than 3–4 days. Also reported to contain cardiac glycosides; has digitalis-like cardiac activity in higher doses (AEH). There have been fatalities following parenteral application of Uzara drugs (PHR). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). Commission E reports for the root, no known side effects or interactions with other drugs; contraindicated with cardioactive glycosides. Consult a physician when diarrhea lasts for more than 3–4 days. Also reported to contain cardiac glycosides; has digitalis-like cardiac activity in higher doses (AEH). There have been fatalities following parenteral application of Uzara drugs (PHR). |
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| VALERIAN | Valeriana officinalis | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (f; CAN; CRC; MAD; PED; WHO); Antibacterial (1; APA; FAD; PED; WOI); Anticomplementary (1; CAN); Anticonvulsant (1; APA; BGB; MAB); Antidandruff (f; CRC); Antidiuretic (1; CRC; FAD; PED); Antiperspirant (f; WHO); Antiseptic (1; WOI); Antispasmodic (2; PH2; WAM; WHO); Antitumor (1; PNC); Antiulcer (1; PH2); Anxiolytic (1; MAB; PH2); Aperitif (1; BGB; CAN); Calmative (f; HAD); Carminative (f; CRC; MAB; PED); Cerebrostimulant (f; MAB); CNS Depressant (1; FAD; PED; PH2; WHO); CNS Stimulant (1; FAD); Cytotoxic (1; CAN); Digestive (f; WHO); Diuretic (f; MAD; WHO); Emmenagogue (f; MAD; WHO); Digestive (f; WHO); GABA-Genic (1; PH2; WHO); GABA-Sparing (1; PH2; PNC); Hepatoprotective (1; APA; CRC; FAD); Hypnotic (3; BGB; CAN; MAB); Hypotensive (1; APA; CAN; CRC); Mutagenic (1; CAN; MAB); Myorelaxant (2; MAB; PHR; PH2; WHO); Narcotic (f; CRC; WOI); Nervine (1; FAD; MAD; PNC); Peristaltic (f; PED); Sedative (3; KOM; PH2; WAM; WHO); Stimulant (f; CRC); Thymoleptic (1; MAB); Tranquilizer (2; APA; BRU; FAD); Vermifuge (f; MAD); Vulnerary (f; MAD). Indications: Abscess (f; JLH); Acne (1; APA); Anorexia (1; BGB; CAN); Anthrax (f; MAD); Anxiety (2; KOM; MAB; PH2; WAM; WHO); Aposteme (f; JLH); Ascarides (f; MAD); Asthma (f; MAD); Atherosclerosis (f; MAD); Bacteria (1; APA; FAD; PED; WOI); Cancer (1; JLH; PNC); Candida (f; WHO); Cardiopathy (f; PH2); Catarrh (f; CRC); Cerebrosis (f; FEL); Cholera (f; CRC; MAB); Chorea (f; FEL; MAB; MAD); Cold (f; CRC); Colic (f; CAN; MAD; PH2); Colitis (f; WHO); Condyloma (f; JLH); Conjunctivosis (f; MAD); Convulsion (1; APA; BGB; CRC; MAB; WOI); Cough (f; MAD); Cramp (2; APA; CAN; FAD; MAD; PH2; WAM; WHO); Dandruff (f; CRC); Depression (1; FAD; FEL; MAB; PED); Dermatosis (f; APA); Despondency (f; FAD; FEL); Diphtheria (f; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; CAN; CRC; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; CRC; MAB); Eczema (f; PNC); Enterosis (f; APA; CAN; MAD); Enuresis (f;MAD); Epilepsy (1; APA; FEL; PED; PH2; WHO); Fatigue (1; CRC; FAD; PNC); Fever (f; FEL; MAB); Flu (f; CRC); Gas (f; CRC; MAB; PED); Gastrosis (f; MAD); Gingivosis (f; WHO); Headache (f; FAD; PED; PH2; WHO); Hemicrania (f; FEL); Hepatosis (1; APA; CRC; FAD); High Blood Pressure (1; APA; CAN; CRC); Hyperactivity (1; WAM); Hypochondria (f; CAN; CRC; FEL; FAD); Hysteria (f; CAN; CRC; FEL; MAB; MAD; PH2); Infection (1; WOI); Inflammation (f; CRC; WHO); Insomnia (3; CAN; KOM; PH2; WAM; WHO); Lumbago (f; MAD); Menopause (f; MAD; PH2); Menstrual Cramp (f; APA; CAN); Migraine (f; CAN); Myalgia (f; MAD); Nausea (f; WHO); Nervousness (3; APA; BRU; FAD; KOM; PH2; WAM; WHO); Nervous Tension (3; APA; BRU; FAD; KOM; PH2; WAM; WHO); Neurasthenia (f; CRC; PH2); Neuropathy (f; CRC; MAB; PH2); Neurosis (f; MAB); Numbness (f; CRC); OCD (1; WAF); Ophthalmia (f; CRC); Pain (f; CAN; CRC; MAB; MAD; PED; WHO); Palpitation (f; CRC); Panic (f; APA); Plague (f; APA); Polyp (f; CRC; JLH); Restlessness (2; APA; KOM); Rheumatism (f; CAN; CRC; MAD); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Shell Shock (f; MAB); Sore (f; APA; CRC); Sore Throat (f; WHO); Spasm (f; CRC); Stress (2; MAB; PED); Syncope (f; MAD; PH2); Toothache (f; CRC); Trauma (f; CRC); Tumor (1; JLH; PNC); Typhus (f; MAD); Ulcer (1; PH2); Uterosis (f; PH2); Vaginosis (f; WHO); Vertigo (f; MAD); Water Retention (f; MAD; WHO); Worm (f; CRC; MAD); Wound (f; CRC). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). None reported (PIP). None known (KOM). But Gruenwald (PHR) mentions rare GI complaints, and even rarer contact allergies. He adds that long-term administration may occasionally cause cardiac disorders, headache, mydriasis, restless states, and sleeplessness, the latter two the main indications, now side effects of prolonged use. Full-body valerian baths should be monitored in cases of dermatosis, major skin injuries, cardiac insufficiency, or hypertonia (PHR). No contraindications, adverse effects, or interactions except for the effect of the tincture on driving ability (AEH). Ironically, “There is some concern about continual use, which may cause minor side effects, including headaches, excitability, and insomnia†(Morazzoni & Bombardelli, 1995). AHP minimizes published concern about toxicity of valepotriates, due to poor absorption and quick degradation into less toxic metabolites. If we accept this, we have to minimize medicinal potential of the valepotriates as well. CAN says, “There have been no reported side effects to valerian. The oil is unlikely to present any hazard in aromatherapy†(CAN). After all those kind words CAN says, “The safety of valerian during pregnancy and lactation has not been established and should, therefore, be avoided.†CNS depressant activity may potentiate pharmaceutical sedatives (CAN). For some 5% of people (maybe even hyperactives? JAD), valerian may be slightly stimulating (WAM). Extracts (Valerian) — Valerenic acid causes ataxia at 50 mg/kg ipr mus, CNS depressant 100 mg/kg ipr mus, but 400 mg kg was antispasmodic, convulsant, and fatal (CAN). Valepotriate fractions exhibit antiarrhythymic, anticomplement, anticonvulsant, coronadilating, cytotoxic, mutagenic, myorelaxant, and vasodilating activities. Valerian, in combo with Hypericum, in a double blind 2-week trial of 100 patients, was more effective than diazepam in treating symptoms of anxiety (CAN). Baldrinal is mutagenic to Salmonella (CAN). Alkaloids are antibacterial, antidiuretic, and may help prevent liver necrosis (PED). Valerian, valerenic acid, and the eugenyl and isoeugenyl esters are antispasmodic. Valerenic acid and derivatives inhibit GABA. (PNC). LDlo for acevaltrate, didrovaltrate, and valtrate = >4600 mg/kg orl mus (MAB) Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). None reported (PIP). None known (KOM). But Gruenwald (PHR) mentions rare GI complaints, and even rarer contact allergies. He adds that long-term administration may occasionally cause cardiac disorders, headache, mydriasis, restless states, and sleeplessness, the latter two the main indications, now side effects of prolonged use. Full-body valerian baths should be monitored in cases of dermatosis, major skin injuries, cardiac insufficiency, or hypertonia (PHR). No contraindications, adverse effects, or interactions except for the effect of the tincture on driving ability (AEH). Ironically, “There is some concern about continual use, which may cause minor side effects, including headaches, excitability, and insomnia†(Morazzoni & Bombardelli, 1995). AHP minimizes published concern about toxicity of valepotriates, due to poor absorption and quick degradation into less toxic metabolites. If we accept this, we have to minimize medicinal potential of the valepotriates as well. CAN says, “There have been no reported side effects to valerian. The oil is unlikely to present any hazard in aromatherapy†(CAN). After all those kind words CAN says, “The safety of valerian during pregnancy and lactation has not been established and should, therefore, be avoided.†CNS depressant activity may potentiate pharmaceutical sedatives (CAN). For some 5% of people (maybe even hyperactives? JAD), valerian may be slightly stimulating (WAM). Extracts (Valerian) — Valerenic acid causes ataxia at 50 mg/kg ipr mus, CNS depressant 100 mg/kg ipr mus, but 400 mg kg was antispasmodic, convulsant, and fatal (CAN). Valepotriate fractions exhibit antiarrhythymic, anticomplement, anticonvulsant, coronadilating, cytotoxic, mutagenic, myorelaxant, and vasodilating activities. Valerian, in combo with Hypericum, in a double blind 2-week trial of 100 patients, was more effective than diazepam in treating symptoms of anxiety (CAN). Baldrinal is mutagenic to Salmonella (CAN). Alkaloids are antibacterial, antidiuretic, and may help prevent liver necrosis (PED). Valerian, valerenic acid, and the eugenyl and isoeugenyl esters are antispasmodic. Valerenic acid and derivatives inhibit GABA. (PNC). LDlo for acevaltrate, didrovaltrate, and valtrate = >4600 mg/kg orl mus (MAB) |
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| VANILLA | Vanilla planifolia | |
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Synonyms: Myrobroma fragrans Salisb., Vanilla fragrans auct. Actions: Allergenic (1; LAF); Anticancer (1; FNF); Antioxidant (f; JAD); Antipyretic (f; DAD; JFM); Antisickling (1; FNF); Antispasmodic (f; DAD; JFM); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC; DAD; HHB; JFM); Carminative (f; DAD; EFS); Choleretic (1; CRC; DAD; HHB; RIN); Emmenagogue (f; DAD; JFM); Stimulant (1; DAD; JFM); Vulnerary (1; DAD). Indications: Cancer (1; FNF); Caries (1; CRC; DAD); Cramp (1; DAD; FNF; JFM); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC; DAD; HHB); Fever (f; CRC; DAD; JFM); Gas (f; DAD; EFS); Hysteria (f; CRC; DAD; HHB); Polyp (f; JLH); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Sickle-Cell Anemia (1; FNF). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). Not treated (KOM; PHR). The folk emmenagogue activity will no doubt trigger nitpickologists to warn pregnant women against using this spice. And the plant does contain allergenic compounds, as do most plants. Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). Not treated (KOM; PHR). The folk emmenagogue activity will no doubt trigger nitpickologists to warn pregnant women against using this spice. And the plant does contain allergenic compounds, as do most plants. |
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| VELVETLEAF | Cissampelos pareira | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Alexeteric (f; DEP; KAB); Analgesic (1; DAV; GMJ; KAB); Antiabortive (f; IED); Antiinflammatory (1; DAV); Antipyretic (1; DAV; IED; KAB); Astringent (f; DEP); Bitter (f; DEP); Curare (1; KAP); Depurative (f; KAP); Diaphoretic (f; IED); Diuretic (f; DAV; DEP); Emmenagogue (f; IED; KAB); Expectorant (f; DAV; IED; KAB); Hemostat (f; IED); Litholytic (f; DEP; IED); Myorelaxant (1; KAP); Piscicide (f; DAV); Poison (f; DAV); Sedative (f; DEP); Stomachic (f; DEP; KAB); Tonic (f; DEP); Vulnerary (f; DEP). Indications: Acne (f; KAB); Amenorrhea (f; KAB); Asthma (f; DEP; IED); Bleeding (f; IED); Calculus (f; KAB); Catarrh (f; DEP); Childbirth (f; KAB); Cough (f; KAB); Cystosis (f; DEP; KAB); Dermatosis (f; IED; KAP); Diarrhea (f; DEP; KAB); Dropsy (f; DEP; KAB); Dysentery (f; DEP); Dyspepsia (f; DEP; KAB); Dysuria (f; KAB); Enterosis (f; DEP; KAB); Fever (1; DAV; IED; KAB); Gastrosis (f; DEP); Gravel (f; KAB); Hemicrania (f; KAB); Hemorrhoid (f; KAB); Inflammation (1; DAV; KAP); Insomnia (f; DEP); Jaundice (f; DEP); Nephrosis (f; DEP; KAB); Nervousness (f; DEP); Pain (1; DAV; DEP; GMJ; KAB); Prolapse (f; DEP); Rash (f; IED); Sinusosis (f; DEP); Snakebite (f; DAV; KAB); Sore (f; DEP); Sting (f; DEP; KAB); Stomachache (f; DEP); Stone (f; DEP; IED); Tuberculosis (f; DEP); Ulcer (f; DEP); Urethrosis (f; KAB); Urogenitosis (f; KAB); Uterosis (f; DEP); VD (f; DAV; IED); Water Retention (f; DAV; DEP); Worm (f; KAB); Wound (f; DEP). Dosage: Contraindications: |
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| VENUS FLYTRAP | Dionaea muscipula | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antilymphomic (f; PH2); Antineoplastic (1; PH2); Immunostimulant (1; PH2); Spasmogenic (1; PH2). Indications: Cancer, bladder (f; PH2); Cancer, bone (f; PH2); Cancer, breast (f; PH2); Cancer, prostate (f; PH2); Cystosis (f; PH2); Hodgkin’s Disease (f; PH2); Immunodepression (1; PH2); Lymphoma (f; PH2); Mastosis (f; PH2); Osteosis (f; PH2); Prostatosis (f; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). |
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| VERVAIN | Verbena officinalis | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Adaptogen (f; FAD); Analgesic (1; APA; CRC; PH2; WAM); Antibacterial (1; HH2); Antidepressant (f; APA; PNC); Antiedemic (1; APA; PH2); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; FAD; HHB; PHR); Antileukemic (1; HH2); Antipyretic (f; CRC; WOI); Antiseptic (1; FAD; FNF; HH2; PHR); Antispasmodic (f; CRC; MAD; PNC); Antitumor (1; PH2); Antitussive (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Antiviral (1; FNF; PHR); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC; HDR); Astringent (1; CRC; HDR; PH2); Bitter (1; WAM); CNS Depressant (1; FNF); Cytotoxic (1; PH2); Decongestant (1; APA); Depurative (f; MAD); Diaphoretic (1; CRC; FEL; MAD; PNC; WAM); Digestive (f; APA; PNC); Diuretic (1; APA; FAD; HHB; HH2; MAD; WAM); Emetic (f; CRC; FEL; PNC); Emmenagogue (f; APA; CRC; HHB); Expectorant (1; APA; CRC; FEL; HHB; MAD); Hypotensive (1; APA); Lactagogue (1; APA; CRC; FAD; HHB; MAB; PH2); Laxative (f; CRC); Litholytic (f; CRC); Nervine (1; CRC; MAD; PNC; WAM); Parasympathomimetic (1; APA; PNC); Rubefacient (f; CRC); Secretolytic (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Sedative (1; WAM); Sialagogue (1; PHR); Thymoleptic (1; CAN); Tonic (f; CRC; FEL; MAD; PNC); Uterocontractant (1; APA); Uterotonic (1; CAN; CRC; FNF); Vermifuge (f; CRC; WOI); Vulnerary (f; CRC; WOI). Indications: Acne (f; APA); Adenopathy (f; JLH); Alactea (1; PHR); Amenorrhea (f; HH2; MAD); Anemia (f; CRC; MAD); Angina (f; HH2); Anorexia (f; FEL); Arthrosis (f; HH2; PHR; PH2); Asthma (f; HH2; MAD; PHR; PH2); Bacteria (1; HH2); Bladder Stone (f; MAD); Bleeding (f; MAD); Bronchosis (f; CRC); Bruise (f; FEL; PHR; PH2); Burn (f; PH2); Calculus (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; JLH; PH2); Cancer, colon (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, neck (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, parotid (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, scrotum (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, spleen (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, testicle (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, viscera (1; CRC; JLH); Carbuncle (f; PH2); Cerebrosis (f; PH2); Chlorosis (f; MAD; PHR); Cholecystosis (f; HH2; PH2); Cold (f; FEL; HH2; PH2; PNC); Congestion (1; APA); Constipation (f; CRC); Convulsion (f; PH2); Cough (1; HH2; MAD; PHR; PH2; PNC); Cramp (f; APA; CRC; MAD; PHR; PH2; PNC); Cystosis (f; MAD); Debility (f; APA; FEL); Depression (f; APA; HH2; MAD; PNC); Dermatosis (f; PHR; PH2); Dislocation (f; PHR); Dropsy (f; CRC; MAD; PHR); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; CRC; FEL; MAD; PHR; PH2; WOI); Dyspepsia (f; PHR; PH2); Dysuria (f; CRC); Eczema (f; CRC; HH2; MAD); Edema (1; APA; CRC; MAD; PH2); Enterosis (f; FEL); Exanthema (f; MAD); Fatigue (f; PHR; PH2); Fever (1; APA; CRC; FEL; MAD; PNC; WAM; WOI); Flu (1; FNF; PHR); Gas (f; CRC); Gastrosis (f; FEL; PH2); Glossosis (f; MAD); Gout (f; HH2; MAD; PHR; PH2); Gravel (f;FEL; MAD); Headache (f; APA; CEB; CRC; MAD); Hematuria (f; MAD); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC); Hemostasis (f; MAD); Hepatosis (f; DEM; FAD; HH2; MAD; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; APA); Hyperactivity (1; WAM); Hypophosis (f; MAD); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (1; APA; FAD; HHB; PHR); Infection (1; WAM); Infertility (f; MAD); Insomnia (1; CRC; HHB; WAM); Itch (f; PHR; PH2); Jaundice (f; APA; MAD; PNC); Kidney Stone (1; X7860196); Leukemia (1; HH2); Lichen (f; MAD); Lochia (f; MAD); Malaria (f; CRC; FAD; MAD; PH2); Melancholia (CAN); Menopause (f; PHR); Migraine (f; APA; HH2); Mucososis (f; PH2); Nephrosis (f; DEM; MAD; PHR; PH2); Nervousness (1; WAM); Neuropathy (f; CRC; HH2; MAD); Neurasthenia (f; APA; MAD); Neurosis (f; APA; PHR; PH2); Ophthalmia (f; CRC); Otosis (1; WAM); Pain (1; APA; CRC; MAD; PH2; WAM); Parotosis (f; JLH); Pertussis (f; PHR; PH2); Pharyngosis (f; PH2); Pleurisy (f; CRC); Polyp (f; JLH); Psoriasis (f; MAD); Respirosis (f; MAD; PH2); Rheumatism (f; HH2; MAD; PHR; PH2); Salmonella (1; HH2); Shigella (1; HH2); Sore (1; APA; MAD); Sore Throat (f; HH2; MAD; PH2); Splenosis (f; FAD; JLH; MAD); Stomatosis (f; PH2); Stone (f; CEB; CRC); Swelling (1; APA; PH2; WOI); Toothache (f; MAD); Trigeminosis (f; MAD); Tumor (1; PH2); Ulcer (f; CRC; MAD); Uterosis (f; CRC; MAD); UTI (f; PHR; PH2); Virus (1; FNF; PHR); Water Retention (1; APA; FAD; HHB; HH2; MAD; WAM); Worm (f; CRC; FEL; WOI); Wound (f; APA; MAD). Dosage: Class 2b (AHP), without stating the reason, perhaps rosmarinic acid refers to gonadotropic and lactagogue activity. CAN notes no toxicity or side effects for vervain itself, but adds that high doses of verbenalin can cause CNS paralysis, convulsions, and stupor. Excessive doses may interfere with blood pressure and hormone therapy. Reportedly abortifacient and oxytocic, it should not be taken in pregnancy. Excessive use should be avoided (CAN). Extracts (Vervain) — Animal or in vitro models demonstrate antiinflammatory, antitussive, lactagogue, secretolytic, and sialagogue activities (PHR). Fruits extracts used for dysmenorrhea and oligolactea. The lactagogue properties of vervain are often attributed to aucubin. A luteinizing action is attributed to inhibition of gonadotropic action on the posterior lobe of the pituitary. Verbenalin is uterotonic. LD50 extract 9000 mg/kg orl mus (HH2), LD50 ethanol extract 250 mg/kg ipr mus (HH2). Contraindications: Class 2b (AHP), without stating the reason, perhaps rosmarinic acid refers to gonadotropic and lactagogue activity. CAN notes no toxicity or side effects for vervain itself, but adds that high doses of verbenalin can cause CNS paralysis, convulsions, and stupor. Excessive doses may interfere with blood pressure and hormone therapy. Reportedly abortifacient and oxytocic, it should not be taken in pregnancy. Excessive use should be avoided (CAN). Extracts (Vervain) — Animal or in vitro models demonstrate antiinflammatory, antitussive, lactagogue, secretolytic, and sialagogue activities (PHR). Fruits extracts used for dysmenorrhea and oligolactea. The lactagogue properties of vervain are often attributed to aucubin. A luteinizing action is attributed to inhibition of gonadotropic action on the posterior lobe of the pituitary. Verbenalin is uterotonic. LD50 extract 9000 mg/kg orl mus (HH2), LD50 ethanol extract 250 mg/kg ipr mus (HH2). |
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