| English Name | Botanical Name | More Info |
|---|---|---|
| FENNEL | Foeniculum vulgare | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Abortifacient (1; CRC); Alexeteric (f; KAB); Analgesic (1; APA; CRC; MAB; SKY; TAD); Anorectic (1; APA; TAD); Antiandrogenic (1; MAB); Antibacterial (1; APA; MAB; TAD); Antidopaminergic (1; MAB); Antidote (f; APA); Antiedemic (1; TRA); Antifertility (1; MAB); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; PNC; SHT; TRA); Antileukemic (1; MAB); Antioxidant (1; MAB); Antipyretic (1; MAB; SKY; TAD); Antiseptic (1; KOM; MAB; TAD; TRA); Antispasmodic (1; APA; KOM; MAB; PH2; PNC; TRA; WAM); Antitussive (1; MAB); Antiviral (1; TRA); Antiwrinkle (f; MAB); Aperitif (f; BGB; JFM; KAB; PNC); Aphrodisiac (1; CRC; KAB; MAB); Bitter (1; KAB); Cardiotonic (f; CRC); Carminative (1; APA; PNC; SUW; TRA; WAM); Choleretic (1; MAB; SKY; TAD); Cholinomimetic (1; MAB); Collyrium (f; CRC; DEM; JFM); Cytotoxic (1; MAB); Diaphoretic (f; NAD); Digestive (1; AKT; BGB; TAD; WAM); Diuretic (1; APA; HHB; MAB; SUW; TRA; ZUL); Emmenagogue (1; APA; CRC; FFJ14:382; SUW); Estrogenic (1; TRA); Expectorant (1; APA; MAB; SHT; TRA); Estrogenic (1; APA; PNC; SKY); Eupeptic (1; TRA); Expectorant (f; CRC); Fungicide (1; CRC; MAB; TRA); Gastrostimulant (f; PH2); Hepatoregenerative (1; PNC); Lactagogue (1; BGB; CRC; KAB; MAB; TAD; WAM); Laxative (f; NAD; SUW); Mastogenic (1; MAB); Mucogenic (1; MAB); Mucolytic (1; APA; BGB; MAB); Mutagenic (1; MAB); Myorelaxant (1; APA; MAB); Myostimulant (1; MAB); Narcotic (1; APA; CRC); Pectoral (f; CRC); Secretolytic (1; BGB; PIP; KOM); Stimulant (1; CRC; FFJ14:382; SUW); Stomachic(1; CRC; PNC; SUW); Tonic (f; CRC; JFM); Vagina Protective (1; MAB); Vermifuge (1; CRC; KAB; SUW). Indications: Aerophagia (f; CRC); Alactea (1; MAB); Amenorrhea (1; CRC; KAB; MAB); Andropause (f; TAD); Anorexia (1; BGB; JFM; KAB; KAP; MAB; VVG); Apnea (1; MAB); Asthma (f; KAB); Backache (f; CRC); Bacteria (1; APA; MAB; TAD); Biliousness (f; KAB); Bite (f; CRC); Blepharosis (f; MAB); Body Odor (f; WAF); Bronchosis (2; PHR; PH2); Cancer (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, breast (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, diaphragm (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, gum (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, liver (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, prostate (f; APA); Cancer, spleen (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uvula (1; FNF; JLH); Catarrh (2; BGB; KOM; PH2; PIP); Cellulite (f; MAB); Childbirth (f; CRC; DEM); Cholera (f; CRC); Cold (f; JFM); Colic (1; APA; CRC; DEM; MAB; WAM); Colitis (f; AKT; MAB); Condyloma (f; CRC); Conjunctivosis (1; APA; MAB); Constipation (1; MAB; NAD; SUW); Cough (2; APA; KAB; MAB; PHR; PH2); Cramp (1; APA; BGB; CRC; KOM; MAB; PH2; PNC; TRA; WAM); Diarrhea (1; APA; MAB; SHT); Dysentery (f; AKT; KAB); Dysmenorrhea (f; AKT; BGB; HHB); Dyspepsia (2; KOM; MAB; PH2; SHT); Dysuria (f; CRC); Earache (f; TRA); Enterosis (2; AKT; BGB; CRC; KAB; KAP; PH2; PIP; TRA); Enuresis (f; APA; CRC); Fever (1; KAB; MAB; NAD; SKY; TAD); Flu (1; ZUL); Flux (f; CRC); Frigidity (1; APA; CRC); Fullness (f; PH2); Fungus (1; CRC; MAB; TRA); Gas (2; APA; KOM; PH2; PNC; SUW; TRA; VVG; WAM); Gastrosis (2; BGB; CRC; KOM; PIP; TRA); Gonorrhea (f; CRC); Halitosis (1; AKT); Headache (f; KAB); Heart (f; CRC); Heartburn (f; DEM; MAB); Hepatosis (1; JLH; PNC); Hernia (f; APA; CRC; MAB); Hiccup (1; MAB); IBS (f; MAB; SKY); Impotence (1; CRC; MAB); Induration (f; CRC; JLH); Infection (1; CRC; MAB; TRA); Inflammation (1; APA; KAB; PNC; SHT; TRA); Jaundice (f; HHB; ZUL); Leprosy (f; KAB); Leukemia (1; MAB); Menopause (1; MAB); Morning Sickness (f; WAF); Motion Sickness (f; WAF); Mycosis (1; CRC; MAB; TRA); Nausea (1; APA; BGB; CRC; MAB); Nephrosis (f; CRC; KAB); Obesity (1; CRC; MAB); Oligolactea (1; WAM); Ophthalmia (f; CRC; DEM; KAB); Osteoporosis (1; TRA); Pain (1; APA; CRC; MAB; SKY; TAD); Pharyngosis (1; MAB); Pulmonosis (f; KAB); Respirosis (2; APA; KOM; PH2; PIP); Scirrhus (f; JLH); Side Ache (f; ZUL); Snakebite (f; APA; CRC; KAB); Sore (f; CRC); Spasm (f; CRC); Spermatorrhea (1; APA); Splenosis (f; CRC; KAB); Stomachache (1; APA; KAB; WAM; ZUL); Stomatosis (1; MAB); Strangury (f; CRC); Swelling (1; TRA); VD (f; CRC; KAB); Tenesmus (f; CRC); Thirst (f; KAB); Toothache (f; CRC); Uterosis (f; JLH); Virility (f; CRC); Virus (1; TRA); Vomiting (f; MAB); Water Retention (1; APA; CRC; HHB; MAB; SUW; TRA; ZUL); Wen (f; JLH); Worm (1; CRC; KAB; SUW); Wound (f; KAB); Wrinkle (f; MAB). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Commission E reports no contraindications for herbal teas (and other preparations providing similar doses of EO), but other dosage forms (e.g., the EO) should be avoided during pregnancy. The EO should also be avoided in infants and small children (AEH). Nursing mothers taking anise and/or fennel tea to stimulate lactation exhibited temporary CNS disturbances, emesis, lethargy, poor suckling, restlessness, and torpor in the newborn (15–20 days old), possibly due to anethole in the milk (infants were healthy at 6-month follow-up) (Acta Pediatrica 83: 683; 1994). To be avoided by women who are pregnant, lactating, or with an estrogen-dependent cancer (SKY). Adverse effects: isolated cases of allergic reactions of skin and lungs (AEH). Fennel represents a low allergenic risk. A case of asthma with atopic disposition caused by fennel has been reported (AEH). Seeds not to be long taken at rate of 6 g seed/day (Commission E), perhaps due to estrogenic anethole and carcinogenic estragole (I’d not be afraid.) We might extend to all apiaceous oils Bisset’s comments on celery seed oil, “The drug is contraindicated in inflammation of the kidneys,†since apiaceous EOs may increase the inflammation as a result of epithelial irritation (BIS). Extracts of fennel can induce estrus and cause growth of mammary glands (MAB). Moderate doses of an acetone extract increased the weight of the mammary glands in rats (MAB). LD50 of EO 3120 = 4500 ml/kg orally (MAB); LD50 anethole 2090 mg/kg orl rat (MAB); LD50 fennel seed tincture = >3000 mg/kg orl rat (equivalent to 30,000 seed) (MAB). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Commission E reports no contraindications for herbal teas (and other preparations providing similar doses of EO), but other dosage forms (e.g., the EO) should be avoided during pregnancy. The EO should also be avoided in infants and small children (AEH). Nursing mothers taking anise and/or fennel tea to stimulate lactation exhibited temporary CNS disturbances, emesis, lethargy, poor suckling, restlessness, and torpor in the newborn (15–20 days old), possibly due to anethole in the milk (infants were healthy at 6-month follow-up) (Acta Pediatrica 83: 683; 1994). To be avoided by women who are pregnant, lactating, or with an estrogen-dependent cancer (SKY). Adverse effects: isolated cases of allergic reactions of skin and lungs (AEH). Fennel represents a low allergenic risk. A case of asthma with atopic disposition caused by fennel has been reported (AEH). Seeds not to be long taken at rate of 6 g seed/day (Commission E), perhaps due to estrogenic anethole and carcinogenic estragole (I’d not be afraid.) We might extend to all apiaceous oils Bisset’s comments on celery seed oil, “The drug is contraindicated in inflammation of the kidneys,†since apiaceous EOs may increase the inflammation as a result of epithelial irritation (BIS). Extracts of fennel can induce estrus and cause growth of mammary glands (MAB). Moderate doses of an acetone extract increased the weight of the mammary glands in rats (MAB). LD50 of EO 3120 = 4500 ml/kg orally (MAB); LD50 anethole 2090 mg/kg orl rat (MAB); LD50 fennel seed tincture = >3000 mg/kg orl rat (equivalent to 30,000 seed) (MAB). |
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| FENUGREEK | Trigonella foenum-graecum | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (f; MAD); Anesthetic (1; TAD); Antiatherosclerotic (1; BGB); Antidiabetic (1; BGB; PNC); Antidiuretic (1; CAN); Antiinflammatory (2; KOM); Antiseptic (2; KOM); Antispasmodic (1; PED; PNC); Antitumor (1; PNC); Aperitif (2; APA; CAN; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC; HHB; KAB; SPI); Astringent (f; CRC; PED); Cardiotonic (1; APA; CAN); Carminative (f; APA; CRC; WOI); Cholagogue (f; BGB); Demulcent (2; CAN; PNC); Digestive (f; APA); Diuretic (1; APA; CAN; CRC); Ecbolic (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (1; CRC; FNF; KAB); Emollient (2; APA; CAN; PH2; PNC); Estrogenic (1; JAD); Expectorant (f; CAN; CRC; SPI); Hydragogue (1; PH2); Hyperemic (2; KOM); Hypocholesterolemic (2; BGB; BRU; CRC; PNC); Hypoglycemic (2; BRU; CAN; PHR; PH2; SKY); Hypolipidemic (1; BGB); Hypotensive (1; CAN); Hypotriglyceridemic (1; BGB); Insectifuge (1; WOI); Lactagogue (1; CRC; JAD; PHR; PH2; WOI); Laxative (2; PNC); Lipolytic (1; BRU; PH2; PNC); Mastogenic (1; FNF; HAD); Mucilaginous (1; PED); Myorelaxant (1; PNC); Oxytocic (1; PNC); Parturient (f; BGB); Propecic (f; MAD); Protease Inhibitor (1; HH2); Secretolytic (2; KOM); Spermicide (1; CRC); Steroid Precursor (1; JAD); Tonic (f; CRC; PED; WOI); Uterotonic (1; APA; CAN; PED); Vermifuge (f; CRC; HHB); Vulnerary (1; CAN; PHR; TAD). Indications: Abscess (f; WOI); Adenopathy (f; CRC; HHB); Alactea (1; PH2; WOI); Allergy (f; PED); Alopecia (1; APA; KAP; MAD); Anemia (1; GMH; SPI); Anorexia (2; APA; CAN; KOM; PH2); Aposteme (f; JLH); Arthrosis (1; KOM); Atherosclerosis (1; BGB; SKY); Bacteria (1; WOI); Boil (f; BGB; GMH; KAP); Bronchosis (f; APA; PH2); Burn (f; CRC); Calculus (1; APA); Cancer (1; APA; PNC); Cancer, abdomen (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, bladder (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, breast (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, colon (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, eye (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, gland (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, groin (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, intestine (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, kidney (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, liver (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, parotid (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, rectum (1; FNF; JLH; MAD); Cancer, spleen (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, testes (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uvula (1; FNF; JLH); Carbuncle (f; GMH; KAP); Catarrh (f; PH2); Childbirth (1; APA; BGB); Chilblain (f; CRC); Cholecystosis (f; CRC); Colic (f; APA; CRC; KAP); Constipation (2; PNC; SKY; SPI); Colitis (f; PH2); Cough (f; APA; PED; PH2); Cramp (1; PED; PNC); Cystosis (f; JLH; SKJ); Debility (f; MAD); Dermatosis (2; APA; CRC; PHR; PH2); Diarrhea (1; APA; CRC; KAP); Diabetes (1; BGB; PNC); Dysentery (f; HHB; KAB); Dusgeuzia (f; KAB); Dysmenorrhea (f; BGB); Dyspepsia (2; APA; CAN; PHR); Eczema (1; BGB; PHR; PH2); Edema (f; BGB; SKJ); Enterosis (f; BGB; PH2; WOI); Fatigue (f; MAD); Fever (f; APA; CRC; PH2); Fistula (f; CRC); Furunculosis (f; BGB; HHB; PHR); Gas (1; APA; CRC; WOI); Gastrosis (f; APA; BGB; CAN; GMH); Gout (f; BGB; CAN; CRC; GMH); Hay Fever (f; PED); Hemorrhoid (f; MAD); Hepatosis (f; CRC; JLH; KAP); Hernia (f; APA; BGB; CRC; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; CAN); High Cholesterol (2; APA; BGB; BRU; CAN; CRC; PNC; SKY); High Triglyceride (1; BGB; SKY); Hyperglycemia (2; BRU; CAN; PHR; PH2; SKY); Hyperlipidemia (1; BGB); Impotence (f; APA; CRC; PH2); Infection (1; APA; WOI); Inflammation (2; APA; BRU; KOM; PH2); Leukorrhea (f; KAP); Lymphadenosis (f; BGB; CAN); Mastosis (f; JLH); Myalgia (f; BGB; CAN); Nephrosis (f; APA; CRC; JLH); Neuralgia (f; APA; CRC); Neurasthenia (f; GMH); NIDDM (2; APA; BRU; CAN; CRC); Obesity (1; BGB); Ophthalmia (f; JLH); Orchosis (f; JLH); Osteomyelosis (f; HHB; MAD); Oxaluria (1; APA); Pain (1; MAD; PH2; TAD); Parotosis (f; JLH); PMS (f; BGB); Proctosis (f; JLH; MAD); Rachosis (f; MAD); Respirosis (f; APA; PH2); Rheumatism (f; APA; CRC); Sciatica (f; CRC); Scrofula (f; GMH; HHB); Smallpox (f; KAB; KAP); Sore (f; APA; BGB; MAD; PH2); Sore Throat (1; APA; CRC; MAD); Splenosis (f; HHB; KAP); Splenomegaly (f; CRC; KAB); Stomatosis (f; APA); Swelling (f; HHB; KAB; PHR); Syndrome-X (1; SYN); Syphilis (f; SKJ); Tuberculosis (f; APA; CRC; HHB; MAD; SPI); Tumor (1; CRC; PNC); Ulcer (1; APA; PNC); Ulcus cruris (f; HHB); Uterosis (f; JLH); Vaginosis (f; BGB); VD (f; SKJ); Vomiting (f; PH2); Water Retention (1; APA; CAN; CRC); Worm (f; CRC; HHB); Wound (f; BGB; HHB). Dosage: Class 2b (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Contraindicated in pregnancy (PH2). Due to its oxytoxic and uterine stimulant actions, in vitro, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. Commission E reports no contraindications or interactions for oral use of the seed. Adverse skin reactions to repeated external use (AEH). An idiosyncratic gastroenterosis was fingered on fenugreek in LRNP (July 1987). One woman with micromazia complained of mastogenic activity following ingestion of fenugreek sprouts. May interfere with anticoagulant, blood sugar, hormonal, and/or MAOI therapies. High mucilaginous/fiber content may interfere with absorption of other drugs. Since all herbs, spices, and food plants, like drugs, contain pharmacologically active ingredients, it seems it could go without saying, “the presence of pharmacologically active constituents would suggest that excessive ingestion is inadvisable†(CAN). Alcoholic seed extract LD50 = 5000 mg/kg orl rat; 2000 der rabbit (CAN). Converted to niacin and other pyridines and pyrroles when cooked (PED). Contraindications: Class 2b (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Contraindicated in pregnancy (PH2). Due to its oxytoxic and uterine stimulant actions, in vitro, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. Commission E reports no contraindications or interactions for oral use of the seed. Adverse skin reactions to repeated external use (AEH). An idiosyncratic gastroenterosis was fingered on fenugreek in LRNP (July 1987). One woman with micromazia complained of mastogenic activity following ingestion of fenugreek sprouts. May interfere with anticoagulant, blood sugar, hormonal, and/or MAOI therapies. High mucilaginous/fiber content may interfere with absorption of other drugs. Since all herbs, spices, and food plants, like drugs, contain pharmacologically active ingredients, it seems it could go without saying, “the presence of pharmacologically active constituents would suggest that excessive ingestion is inadvisable†(CAN). Alcoholic seed extract LD50 = 5000 mg/kg orl rat; 2000 der rabbit (CAN). Converted to niacin and other pyridines and pyrroles when cooked (PED). |
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| FENUGREEK | Trigonella foenum-graecum | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (f; MAD); Anesthetic (1; TAD); Antiatherosclerotic (1; BGB); Antidiabetic (1; BGB; PNC); Antidiuretic (1; CAN); Antiinflammatory (2; KOM); Antiseptic (2; KOM); Antispasmodic (1; PED; PNC); Antitumor (1; PNC); Aperitif (2; APA; CAN; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC; HHB; KAB; SPI); Astringent (f; CRC; PED); Cardiotonic (1; APA; CAN); Carminative (f; APA; CRC; WOI); Cholagogue (f; BGB); Demulcent (2; CAN; PNC); Digestive (f; APA); Diuretic (1; APA; CAN; CRC); Ecbolic (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (1; CRC; FNF; KAB); Emollient (2; APA; CAN; PH2; PNC); Estrogenic (1; JAD); Expectorant (f; CAN; CRC; SPI); Hydragogue (1; PH2); Hyperemic (2; KOM); Hypocholesterolemic (2; BGB; BRU; CRC; PNC); Hypoglycemic (2; BRU; CAN; PHR; PH2; SKY); Hypolipidemic (1; BGB); Hypotensive (1; CAN); Hypotriglyceridemic (1; BGB); Insectifuge (1; WOI); Lactagogue (1; CRC; JAD; PHR; PH2; WOI); Laxative (2; PNC); Lipolytic (1; BRU; PH2; PNC); Mastogenic (1; FNF; HAD); Mucilaginous (1; PED); Myorelaxant (1; PNC); Oxytocic (1; PNC); Parturient (f; BGB); Propecic (f; MAD); Protease Inhibitor (1; HH2); Secretolytic (2; KOM); Spermicide (1; CRC); Steroid Precursor (1; JAD); Tonic (f; CRC; PED; WOI); Uterotonic (1; APA; CAN; PED); Vermifuge (f; CRC; HHB); Vulnerary (1; CAN; PHR; TAD). Indications: Abscess (f; WOI); Adenopathy (f; CRC; HHB); Alactea (1; PH2; WOI); Allergy (f; PED); Alopecia (1; APA; KAP; MAD); Anemia (1; GMH; SPI); Anorexia (2; APA; CAN; KOM; PH2); Aposteme (f; JLH); Arthrosis (1; KOM); Atherosclerosis (1; BGB; SKY); Bacteria (1; WOI); Boil (f; BGB; GMH; KAP); Bronchosis (f; APA; PH2); Burn (f; CRC); Calculus (1; APA); Cancer (1; APA; PNC); Cancer, abdomen (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, bladder (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, breast (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, colon (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, eye (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, gland (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, groin (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, intestine (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, kidney (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, liver (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, parotid (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, rectum (1; FNF; JLH; MAD); Cancer, spleen (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, testes (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uvula (1; FNF; JLH); Carbuncle (f; GMH; KAP); Catarrh (f; PH2); Childbirth (1; APA; BGB); Chilblain (f; CRC); Cholecystosis (f; CRC); Colic (f; APA; CRC; KAP); Constipation (2; PNC; SKY; SPI); Colitis (f; PH2); Cough (f; APA; PED; PH2); Cramp (1; PED; PNC); Cystosis (f; JLH; SKJ); Debility (f; MAD); Dermatosis (2; APA; CRC; PHR; PH2); Diarrhea (1; APA; CRC; KAP); Diabetes (1; BGB; PNC); Dysentery (f; HHB; KAB); Dusgeuzia (f; KAB); Dysmenorrhea (f; BGB); Dyspepsia (2; APA; CAN; PHR); Eczema (1; BGB; PHR; PH2); Edema (f; BGB; SKJ); Enterosis (f; BGB; PH2; WOI); Fatigue (f; MAD); Fever (f; APA; CRC; PH2); Fistula (f; CRC); Furunculosis (f; BGB; HHB; PHR); Gas (1; APA; CRC; WOI); Gastrosis (f; APA; BGB; CAN; GMH); Gout (f; BGB; CAN; CRC; GMH); Hay Fever (f; PED); Hemorrhoid (f; MAD); Hepatosis (f; CRC; JLH; KAP); Hernia (f; APA; BGB; CRC; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; CAN); High Cholesterol (2; APA; BGB; BRU; CAN; CRC; PNC; SKY); High Triglyceride (1; BGB; SKY); Hyperglycemia (2; BRU; CAN; PHR; PH2; SKY); Hyperlipidemia (1; BGB); Impotence (f; APA; CRC; PH2); Infection (1; APA; WOI); Inflammation (2; APA; BRU; KOM; PH2); Leukorrhea (f; KAP); Lymphadenosis (f; BGB; CAN); Mastosis (f; JLH); Myalgia (f; BGB; CAN); Nephrosis (f; APA; CRC; JLH); Neuralgia (f; APA; CRC); Neurasthenia (f; GMH); NIDDM (2; APA; BRU; CAN; CRC); Obesity (1; BGB); Ophthalmia (f; JLH); Orchosis (f; JLH); Osteomyelosis (f; HHB; MAD); Oxaluria (1; APA); Pain (1; MAD; PH2; TAD); Parotosis (f; JLH); PMS (f; BGB); Proctosis (f; JLH; MAD); Rachosis (f; MAD); Respirosis (f; APA; PH2); Rheumatism (f; APA; CRC); Sciatica (f; CRC); Scrofula (f; GMH; HHB); Smallpox (f; KAB; KAP); Sore (f; APA; BGB; MAD; PH2); Sore Throat (1; APA; CRC; MAD); Splenosis (f; HHB; KAP); Splenomegaly (f; CRC; KAB); Stomatosis (f; APA); Swelling (f; HHB; KAB; PHR); Syndrome-X (1; SYN); Syphilis (f; SKJ); Tuberculosis (f; APA; CRC; HHB; MAD; SPI); Tumor (1; CRC; PNC); Ulcer (1; APA; PNC); Ulcus cruris (f; HHB); Uterosis (f; JLH); Vaginosis (f; BGB); VD (f; SKJ); Vomiting (f; PH2); Water Retention (1; APA; CAN; CRC); Worm (f; CRC; HHB); Wound (f; BGB; HHB). Dosage: Class 2b (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Contraindicated in pregnancy (PH2). Due to its oxytoxic and uterine stimulant actions, in vitro, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. Commission E reports no contraindications or interactions for oral use of the seed. Adverse skin reactions to repeated external use (AEH). An idiosyncratic gastroenterosis was fingered on fenugreek in LRNP (July 1987). One woman with micromazia complained of mastogenic activity following ingestion of fenugreek sprouts. May interfere with anticoagulant, blood sugar, hormonal, and/or MAOI therapies. High mucilaginous/fiber content may interfere with absorption of other drugs. Since all herbs, spices, and food plants, like drugs, contain pharmacologically active ingredients, it seems it could go without saying, “the presence of pharmacologically active constituents would suggest that excessive ingestion is inadvisable†(CAN). Alcoholic seed extract LD50 = 5000 mg/kg orl rat; 2000 der rabbit (CAN). Converted to niacin and other pyridines and pyrroles when cooked (PED). Contraindications: Class 2b (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Contraindicated in pregnancy (PH2). Due to its oxytoxic and uterine stimulant actions, in vitro, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. Commission E reports no contraindications or interactions for oral use of the seed. Adverse skin reactions to repeated external use (AEH). An idiosyncratic gastroenterosis was fingered on fenugreek in LRNP (July 1987). One woman with micromazia complained of mastogenic activity following ingestion of fenugreek sprouts. May interfere with anticoagulant, blood sugar, hormonal, and/or MAOI therapies. High mucilaginous/fiber content may interfere with absorption of other drugs. Since all herbs, spices, and food plants, like drugs, contain pharmacologically active ingredients, it seems it could go without saying, “the presence of pharmacologically active constituents would suggest that excessive ingestion is inadvisable†(CAN). Alcoholic seed extract LD50 = 5000 mg/kg orl rat; 2000 der rabbit (CAN). Converted to niacin and other pyridines and pyrroles when cooked (PED). |
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| FEVER BARK | Alstonia constricta | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antispasmodic (f; PH2); Antipyretic (f; PH2); Hypotensive (f; PH2); Stimulant (f; PH2); Uterotonic (f; PH2). Indications: Cramp (f; PH2); Diarrhea (f; PH2); Fever (1; PH2); High Blood Pressure (f; PH2); Malaria (f; PH2); Rheumatism (f; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). |
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| FEVERFEW | Tanacetum parthenium | |
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Synonyms: Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh., C. praealtum Vent., Leucanthemum parthenium (L.) Gren. & Godr., Matricaria exima hort. ex Voss, M. parthenium L. Actions: Abortifacient (f; CRC); Allergenic (1; FAD); Analgesic (1; APA; PNC; TRA; WAM); Antiaggregant (1; CAN; PHR; TRA); Antiallergenic (1; WAM); Antialzheimeran (1; COX; FNF); Antiarthritic (1; COX; FNF); Antibacterial (1; TRA); Anticancer (1; COX; FNF); Antihistaminic (1; CAN; PHR); Antiinflammatory (1; AKT; CAN; COX; WAM); Antileukotriene (f; CAN); Antiprostaglandin (1; CAN; PHR; PH2); Antipyretic (f; PNC); Antirheumatic (f; PNC); Antisecretory (f; LAF); Antiseptic (1; CRC; FAD; HH3; PHR); Antiserotonin (1; APA; PED); Antispasmodic (1; APA; TRA; WAM); Antitumor (1; TRA); Aperient (f; CRC); Aperitif (f; JFM); Bitter (1; GMH; PED); Cardioactive (f; CRC); Carminative (f; CRC; GMH; JFM); COX-2 Inhibitor (1; COX; FNF); Cytotoxic (1; HH3); Deodorant (1; APA); Depurative (f; CRC); Dermatitigenic (1; FAD); Digestive (f; CRC; JFM; PH2); Emmenagogue (f; APA; CRC; GMH; JFM); Insectifuge (1; APA; GMH); Insecticide (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Laxative (f; CRC); Parasiticide (f; PH2); Resolvent (f; CRC); Sedative (f; FAD; JFM); SSRI (1; JAD; PHR); Stimulant (f; PHR; PH2); Stomachic (f; CRC; PNC); Tonic (f; CRC; JFM; PHR; PH2); Tranquilizer (f; PHR; PH2); Uterotonic (1; AKT); Vermifuge (f; CRC; PNC). Indications: Addiction, opium (f; APA; JFM); Allergy (1; PHR; PH2; WAM); Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Amenorrhea (f; GMH); Anemia (f; CRC); Anorexia (f; JFM); Arthrosis (1; AKT; CAN; COX; FAD; FNF; PH2); Asthma (1; COX; PED); Bacteria (1; HH3; TRA); Biliousness (f; CRC; JFM); Bite (f; GMH); Bruise (f; CRC); Cancer (1; COX; CRC; FNF; TRA); Candida (1;HH3); Childbirth (f; JFM); Cluster Headache (1; HAD); Cold (f; CRC; FAD); Colic (f; CRC; GMH; TRA); Constipation (f; CRC); Cough (f; GMH); Cramp (1; APA; FAD; PH2; TRA; WAM); Depression (f; GMH); Dermatosis (f; PED); Diarrhea (f; CRC; JFM); Dizziness (f; AKT); Dysmenorrhea (f; FAD; PHR; PNC); Dyspepsia (f; CRC; GMH; PHR; PH2); Dyspnea (f; GMH); Earache (f; CRC; GMH; JFM); Escherichia (f; HH3); Fever (f; APA; CRC; PNC); Fungus (1; HH3); Gas (f; CRC; GMH; JFM); Gastrosis (f; TRA); Headache (1; APA; SKY; WAM); Heart (f; JFM); Hysteria (f; CRC; GMH; JFM); Infection (1; HH3); Inflammation (1; AKT; CAN; COX; FNF; PHR; PH2; WAM); Insomnia (f; FAD; JFM); Lochia (f; PH2); Menstruation (f; CRC); Migraine (3; APA; FAD; PH2; TRA; WAM); Morphinism (f; APA); Mycosis (1; HH3); Nausea (f; APA); Nervousness (f; FAD; JFM; PHR; PH2); Neurosis (f; APA); Pain (1; APA; GMH; PNC; TRA; WAM); Parasite (f; PHR; PH2); Parturition (f; CRC); Puerperium (f; PHR); Rheumatism (f; CAN; DEM; PHR; PH2; PNC); Salmonella (1; HH3; TRA); Spasm (f; CRC); Staphylococcus (1; HH3; TRA); Stomachache (1; CAN); Swelling (f; CRC; DEM); Toothache (f; CAN); Tinnitus (f; CAN); Tumor (1; TRA); Vertigo (f; AKT; CAN); Vomiting (1; AKT); Worm (f; CRC; FAD; PNC); Wound (f; PHR; PH2); Yeast (1; HH3). Dosage: Class 2b (AHP). Oral feverfew may cause mouth ulcers in ca. 10% of patients. Should not be taken by pregnant women because the leaves have emmenagogue activity (LRNP, June 1990). No serious side effects have been noticed in those taking feverfew over years as a preventive. Side effects: ulcerations of the mouth, sore tongue, inflammation of the oral mucosa and tongue, swelling of the lips, unpleasant taste, loss of taste, urinary problems, headache, diarrhea, dry mouth, dusgeusia, gas, glossosis, hypersensitivity, nausea, stomatosis, and vomiting (most were apparent only in the first week) reported by those using feverfew. Cases of allergic contact dermatosis in humans have also been reported (AEH). Cases of contact dermatosis are rare. Mild tranquilizing and sedative effects have been reported. Chewing the leaves for extended periods may lead to abdominal pains and dyspepsia. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are aromatic compounds widely distributed in certain plant families, with highest concentrations generally found in leaves and flowers. Sheep and cattle poisonings due to SLcontaining species have been reported. SLs are allergenic and may cause dermatosis (CAN). Because it is reputed to be abortifacient and to affect the menstrual cycle, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. “Self-medication with feverfew should not be undertaken without first consulting a doctor†(CAN). “Should not be used by children under the age of two years†(SKY). Do not use with calcium channel blockers, ticlopadine, or coumadin (O’Brien, 1998). Contraindications: Class 2b (AHP). Oral feverfew may cause mouth ulcers in ca. 10% of patients. Should not be taken by pregnant women because the leaves have emmenagogue activity (LRNP, June 1990). No serious side effects have been noticed in those taking feverfew over years as a preventive. Side effects: ulcerations of the mouth, sore tongue, inflammation of the oral mucosa and tongue, swelling of the lips, unpleasant taste, loss of taste, urinary problems, headache, diarrhea, dry mouth, dusgeusia, gas, glossosis, hypersensitivity, nausea, stomatosis, and vomiting (most were apparent only in the first week) reported by those using feverfew. Cases of allergic contact dermatosis in humans have also been reported (AEH). Cases of contact dermatosis are rare. Mild tranquilizing and sedative effects have been reported. Chewing the leaves for extended periods may lead to abdominal pains and dyspepsia. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are aromatic compounds widely distributed in certain plant families, with highest concentrations generally found in leaves and flowers. Sheep and cattle poisonings due to SLcontaining species have been reported. SLs are allergenic and may cause dermatosis (CAN). Because it is reputed to be abortifacient and to affect the menstrual cycle, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. “Self-medication with feverfew should not be undertaken without first consulting a doctor†(CAN). “Should not be used by children under the age of two years†(SKY). Do not use with calcium channel blockers, ticlopadine, or coumadin (O’Brien, 1998). |
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| FIELD SCABIOUS | Knautia arvensis | |
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Synonyms: Scabiosa arvensis L., Trichera arvensis Schrader. Actions: Acaricide (f; MAD); Antiseptic (f; EFS; PH2); Astringent (f; EFS; PH2); Depurative (f; EFS; HHB; MAD); Expectorant (f; EFS; PH2); Laxative (f; EFS; PH2); Vulnerary (f; EFS; MAD). Indications: Cancer (f; JLH); Carbuncle (f; MAD); Condyloma (f; JLH); Constipation (f; EFS; PH2); Cough (f; HHB); Cystosis (f; HHB; PH2); Dermatosis (f; HHB; PH2); Diarrhea (f; MAD); Dropsy (f; MAD); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Eczema (f; HHB; PH2); Favus (f; PH2); Gonorrhea (f; MAD); Impetigo (f; MAD); Inflammation (f; PH2); Itch (f; HHB; MAD; PH2); Malaria (f; MAD); Phthisis (f; MAD); Respirosis (f; PH2); Scabies (f; EFS; MAD; PH2); Scrofula (f; EFS); Side Ache (f; MAD); Sore (f; HHB; PH2); Sore Throat (f; HHB; PH2); Syphilis (f; MAD); Tick (f; MAD); Tuberculosis (f; MAD); Urticaria (f; MAD); VD (f; JLH; MAD); Worm (f; MAD); Wound (f; MAD). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). |
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| FIG | Ficus carica | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Alexeteric (f; BIB); Allergenic (1; HH3); Anticancer (1; X11473446); Antileukemic (1; X11473446); Antilymphomic (1; X11473446); Antisarcomic (1; X11473446); Antiseptic (f; BIB); Antitumor, breast (1; X11473446); Antitumor, prostate (1; X11473446); Aperient (f; BIB); Aphrodisiac (f; BIB; HH3); Ascaricide (1; WOI); Catabolic (1; X11473446); Demulcent (f; BIB; EFS); Deodorant (f; KAB); Digestive (f; BIB); Diuretic (1; BIB; HH3); Emollient (f; BIB; EFS); Expectorant (f; BIB; EFS); Hypoglycemic (1; X11473446); Lactagogue (F; DAA); Laxative (f; BIB; EFS); Litholytic (f; BIB); Pectoral (f; BIB); Phototoxic (1; HH3); Proteolytic (1; WOI); Restorative (f; BIB); Stomachic (f; BIB); Tonic (f; BIB); Vermifuge (1; BIB; HHB; X11473446). Indications: Abscess (f; BIB); Adenopathy (1; HHB; JLH); Acne (f; BIB); Alopecia (f; BIB); Anemia (f; WOI); Ascaris (1; WOI); Asthma (f; BIB; JFM); Boil (f; BIB); Callus (f; JLH); Cancer (1; BIB; X11473446); Cancer, abdomen (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, bladder (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, breast (1; FNF; HHB; X11473446); Cancer, cervix (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, colon (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, eye (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, foot (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, gum (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, kidney (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, liver (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, mouth (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, neck (1; FNF;JLH); Cancer, parotid (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, prostate (1; X11473446); Cancer, spleen (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, testicle (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, vulva (1; FNF; JLH); Candida (f; BIB); Carbuncle (f; BIB); Catarrh (f; BIB; KAB); Cervicosis (f; JLH); Cold (f; HH3; JFM); Condyloma (f; BIB); Constipation (f; BIB; EFS; KAB); Conjunctivosis (f; BIB); Corn (f; BIB; DAA); Cough (f; BIB; HH3); Cystosis (f; JLH); Diabetes (1; JFM); Diphtheria (f; BIB); Dysentery (f; PH2); Enterosis (f; PH2); Epistaxis (f; KAB); Fibroid (f; JLH); Flu (f; BIB); Gastrosis (f; DAA; JLH); Gingivosis (f; BIB; JLH); Hemorrhoid (f; BIB; HH3); Hepatosis (f; HH3; JLH); High Triglyceride (1; X11473446); Hyperglycemia (1; X11473446); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (f; BIB); Leprosy (f; KAB); Leukemia (1; FNF; HHB; X11473446); Lymphoma (1; FNF; HHB; X11473446); Measles (f; BIB); Mole (f; JLH); Mucososis (f; KAB); Myrmecia (f; JLH); Nephrosis (f; JLH); Obesity (1; X11473446); Ophthalmia (f; JLH); Orchosis (f; JLH); Pain (f; BIB); Paralysis (f; BIB); Parotosis (f; JLH); Pertussis (f; BIB; JFM); Phymata (f; JLH); Polyp (f; BIB); Pulmonosis (f; JLH); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Sarcoma (1; FNF; HHB; X11473446); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Scrofula (f; BIB; EFS); Sore (f; JLH); Sore Throat (f; BIB); Splenosis (f; HH3; JLH); Stomachache (f; DAA); Stomatosis (f; JLH); Stone (f; BIB); Swelling (f; JLH); Thirst (f; BIB); Toothache (f; JFM); Tumor (f; BIB); Tumor, breast (1; X11473446); Tumor, prostate (1; X11473446); Uterosis (f; JLH); VD (f; BIB); Wart (f; BIB); Water Retention (1; BIB; HH3); Wen (f; JLH); Worm (1; BIB; HHB; X11473446); Wound (f; JFM); Yeast (f; BIB). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Poultice of dried figs in milk is said to deodorize malignant cancers (KAB). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Poultice of dried figs in milk is said to deodorize malignant cancers (KAB). |
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| FIGWORT | Scrophularia nodosa | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Alterative (f; FEL); Analgesic (f; EFS; FEL); Antiinflammatory (f; EFS); Depurative (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; FEL; PH2); Hypotensive (1; HHB); Laxative (f; PH2); Myocardiocontractant (1; CAN); Narcotic (f; EFS); Sedative (1; HHB); Vermifuge (f; MAD); Vulnerary (f; EFS). Indications: Adenopathy (f; PH2); Bite (f; MAD); Boil (f; MAD); Bruise (f; FEL); Caked Breast (f; MAD); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cardiopathy (f; MAD); Condyloma (f; JLH); Constipation (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; CAN; MAD; PH2); Dropsy (f; FEL); Dysmenorrhea (f; FEL); Earache (f; MAD; PH2); Eczema (f; CAN; MAD); Fistula (f; MAD); Goiter (f; MAD); Hematuria (f; MAD); Hemorrhoid (f; FEL; MAD); Hepatosis (f; FEL); High Blood Pressure (1; HHB); Hypertony (f; PH2); Impotence (f; MAD); Inflammation (f; EFS); Insomnia (1; HHB); Itch (f; CAN; PH2); Kernel (f; JLH); Mastosis (f; JLH); Nephrosis (f; MAD); Nervousness (1; HHB); Pain (f; EFS; FEL); Pemphigus (f; MAD); Psoriasis (f; CAN); Pulmonosis (f; MAD); Rabies (f; PH2); Ringworm (f; FEL); Scab (f; MAD); Scabies (f; MAD); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Scrofula (f; EFS); Snakebite (f; MAD); Sore (f; FEL); Sore Throat (f; MAD); Swelling (f; FEL; MAD); Syphilis (f; FEL); Tonsilosis (f; PH2); VD (f; FEL; PH2); Vulvosis (f; MAD); Wart (f; PH2); Water Retention (f; FEL; PH2); Wen (f; JLH); Worm (f; MAD). Dosage: Class 2d. Contraindicated in ventricular tachycardia (AHP; CAN).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) Contraindications: Class 2d. Contraindicated in ventricular tachycardia (AHP; CAN).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) |
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| FIREWEED | Epilobium angustifolium | |
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Synonyms: Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub, Epilobium spicatum Lam. Actions: Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor (1; X9140222); Antibacterial (1; PHR; PH2); Anti-BPH (1; PHR); Antiedemic (1; PHR; PH2); Antiexudative (f; PHR; PH2); Antiinflammatory (1; FAD; PHR; WOI); Antiprostaglandin (1; X1775578); Antiprostatitic (1; X9140222); Antiseptic (1; PHR; PH2); Antitumor (f; PHR); Aromatase Inhibitor (1; X9140222); Astringent (1; FNF; WOI); Candidicide (1; PHR; PH2); Laxative (f; DEM); Panacea (f; DEM); Toxic (f; DEM). Indications: Abscess (f; DEM); Arthrosis (f; DEM); Bacteria (1; PHR; PH2; X10857921); Bleeding (f; DEM; PH2); Boil (1; DEM; FAD); BPH (1; MAB; PHR; PH2); Bruise (f; DEM); Burn (f: FAD); Cancer (f; DEM; PHR); Candida (1; PHR; PH2); Carbuncle (f; DEM); Constipation (f; DEM); Cough (f; DEM); Cramp (f; FAD); Dermatosis (f: DEM; FAD); Dysentery (1; FAD; PHR); Dysmenorrhea (f; PHR); Dysuria (1; DEM; PH2); Edema (1; PHR; PH2); Enterosis (f; FAD; PH2); Gastrosis (f; PHR); Infection (1; DEM; PH2); Inflammation (1; FAD; PHR; WOI; X1775578); Mucososis (f; PHR); Nephrosis (f; DEM); Pain (f; DEM); Proctorrhagia (f; PHR); Prostatosis (1; X9140222); Shigella (1; PH2); Sore (f; DEM); Sore Throat (f; DEM); Splinter (f; DEM); Staphylococcus (1; PH2); Stomachache (f; DEM); Stomatosis (f; FAD; PHR); Swelling (1; DEM; PHR; PH2; X1775578); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Tumor (f; PHR); Wound (f; PHR); Yeast (1; PHR; PH2). Dosage: Not recorded (PHR). Extracts (Fireweed) — 1–2% leaf extract antiinflammatory (WOI). Antiinflammatory tinctures reportedly active against bacteria and yeast (Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas procyanea, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus albus, and Staphylococcus aureus) (PHR). Any high-tannin plant can inhibit many enzymes, in vitro, even alpha-reductase, aromatase, elastase, lipoxygenase, and reverse-transcriptase (MAB), but this activity may not be reflected in vivo because of poor availability. Myricetin 3-O-beta-Dglucuronide is 10 × more potent as indomethacin in carageenan-induced edema in the rat paw model (X1775578). Contraindications: Not recorded (PHR). Extracts (Fireweed) — 1–2% leaf extract antiinflammatory (WOI). Antiinflammatory tinctures reportedly active against bacteria and yeast (Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas procyanea, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus albus, and Staphylococcus aureus) (PHR). Any high-tannin plant can inhibit many enzymes, in vitro, even alpha-reductase, aromatase, elastase, lipoxygenase, and reverse-transcriptase (MAB), but this activity may not be reflected in vivo because of poor availability. Myricetin 3-O-beta-Dglucuronide is 10 × more potent as indomethacin in carageenan-induced edema in the rat paw model (X1775578). |
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| FISH BERRY, LEVANT NUT | Anamirta cocculus | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Analeptic (1; PH2); Antibacterial (1; WO2); Antidote, barbituate (f; PH2); Antidote, morphine (f; WO2); Avicide (1; DEP; WO2); Diaphoretic (1; PH2); Emetic (1; PH2); Insecticide (1; PH2; SKJ; WOI); Nervine (1; WO2); Paralytic (1; PH2); Parasiticide (f; DEP; PH2); Pediculicide (1; DEP; PH2); Piscicide (1; DEP; WO2); Spasmogenic (1; HH2); Sialagogue (1; PH2). Indications: Ague (f; WO2); Bacteria (1; WO2); Chorea (1; WO2); Cramp (f; PH2); Dermatosis (1; DEP; PH2; SKJ); Dysmenorrhea (f; PH2); Epilepsy (1; WO2); Fever (1; PH2); Gout (1; PH2); Headache (f; PH2); Lice (f; DEP; HH2; PH2; SKJ); Motion Sickness (f; HH2; PH2); Neurosis (1; PH2); Nystagmus (f; PH2); Paralysis (f; PH2); Parasite (f; DEP; HH2; PH2); Phthisis (f; WO2); Scabies (1; PH2); Seasickness (f; HH2); Vertigo (f; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). Very poisonous, causing convulsions, delirium, depression, diaphoresis, disturbed coordination, dizziness, dyspnea, headache, nausea, and spastic twitching (PH2; WOI; WO2). 2–3 g fruit can kill a human (HH2); 2.4 g have killed a person (WOI). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). Very poisonous, causing convulsions, delirium, depression, diaphoresis, disturbed coordination, dizziness, dyspnea, headache, nausea, and spastic twitching (PH2; WOI; WO2). 2–3 g fruit can kill a human (HH2); 2.4 g have killed a person (WOI). |
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