| English Name | Botanical Name | More Info |
|---|---|---|
| BARLEY | Hordeum vulgare | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Abortifacient (f; BIB); Antilactagogue (f; BIB); Antipyretic (f; BIB); Demulcent (f; BIB; EFS); Digestive (f; BIB); Diuretic (f; BIB); Emollient (f; BIB; EFS); Expectorant (f; BIB); Stomachic (f; BIB). Indications: Acrochordon (f; BIB); Bladder (f; BIB); Bronchosis (f; BIB); Burn (f; BIB); Debility (f; DEP); Cancer (f; BIB); Catarrh (f; BIB; EFS); Chest (f; BIB); Chilblain (f; BIB); Cholera (f; BIB); Colitis (f; PH2); Cough (f; BIB); Debility (f; BIB); Diarrhea (f; BIB); Dyspepsia (f; BIB; SKJ); Enterosis (f; PH2); Fever (f; BIB); Fig (f; BIB); Gastrosis (f; PH2); IBD (f; PH2); Inflammation (f; BIB); Measles (f; BIB); Phthisis (f; BIB); Puerperium (f; BIB);Scirrhus (f; BIB); Sore (f; BIB); Tumor (f; BIB); Urogenitosis (f; BIB); Wart (f; BIB); Water Retention (f; BIB). Dosage: Class 2b (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Contraindications: Class 2b (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). |
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| BASIL, SWEET BASIL | Ocimum basilicum | |
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Synonyms: O. basilicum var. glabratum Benth., O. basilicum var. majus Benth. Actions: Alexeteric (f; CRC; WOI); Analgesic (1; CRC; PNC; TRA); Antacid (1; TRA); Antialzheimeran (1; COX; FNF); Antiarthritic (1; COX; FNF); Antibacterial (1; APA; PNC; TRA); Anticancer (1; COX; FNF); Anticoagulase (f; WOI); Anticomplementary(1; TRA); Antidote (f; CRC); Antiinflammatory (1; COX; FNF; TRA); Antioxidant (1; APA); Antiplaque (1; APA); Antipyretic (f; CRC; IED; WOI); Antiseptic (1; APA; KOM; PHR; PH2; TRA); Antispasmodic (1; CRC; TRA); Antitumor (1; APA); Antiulcer (1; APA; TRA); Aperitif (f; PHR; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC; IED; JFM); Aromatic (f; PNC); Bradycardic (1; TRA); Candidicide (1; AAB); Carcinogenic (1; CRC; KOM; TRA); Carminative (1; APA; PNC; TRA); COX-2- Inhibitor (1; COX; FNF); Cyanogenic (f; CRC; WOI); Demulcent (f; CRC; DEP); Deodorant (f; CRC); Diaphoretic (f; AAB; CRC; DEP); Digestive (1; APA; PHR; PH2; TRA); Diuretic (f; CRC; DEP; KOM; PHR; PH2); Emmenagogue (f; AAB; APA); Enterotonic (f; JFM); Expectorant (f; CRC; WOI); Fullness (f; PH2); Fungicide (1; AAB; TRA); Gastrotonic (f; JFM); Glutathionigenic (1; TRA); Hemostat (f; PH2); Hepatocarcinogenic (1; PNC); Insecticide (1; CRC; TRA); Insectifuge (1; CRC; JFM);Lactagogue (f; CRC; HHB); Larvicide (1; TRA); Laxative (f; CRC; HHB); Narcotic (1; CRC; TRA); Parasiticide (1; APA); Pectoral (f; CRC; WOI); Sedative (f; CRC); Sternutator (f; JFM); Stimulant (f; CRC; IED; JFM); Stomachic (1; CRC; TRA); Tonic (f; JFM); Tranquilizer (1; TRA); Vermicide (1; AAB); Vermifuge (1; CRC; JFM; PNC; WOI). Indications: Acne (1; APA; PNC); Acrochordon (f; JLH); Aging (1; APA); Alcoholism (f; APA; CRC); Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Amenorrhea (f; APA; PH2); Anasarca (f; CRC); Anorexia (f; APA; KOM; PHR; PH2); Aphtha (f; JFM); Arthrosis (1; COX; FNF; PHR; PH2); Asthma (f; IED); Bacteria (1; APA; PNC; TRA; WOI); Bleeding (f; PH2); Boredom (f; CRC); Bronchosis (1; TRA); Bruise (f; PHR; PH2); Cancer (1; COX; FNF); Cancer, diaphragm (f; JLH); Cancer, eye (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH); Candida (1; AAB); Cardiopathy (f; APA); Cataract (f; AAB); Catarrh (f; CRC; IED); Childbirth (1; AAB; CRC; DEP; PH2); Chill (f; APA; PHR; PH2); Cholera (f; CRC); Cold (f; APA; HHB; PHR); Colic (f; CRC); Collapse (f; CRC); Conjunctivosis (f; IED); Constipation (f; APA; CRC; DEP; HHB); Contusion (f; PHR); Convulsion (f; CRC); Cough (f; IED); Cramp (1; APA; CRC; TRA); Croup (f; CRC); Deafness (f; CRC; JFM); Delirium (f; CRC); Depression (f; APA; CRC; PHR; PH2); Dermatosis (1; PH2; TRA); Diarrhea (f; CRC; DEP); Dropsy (f; CRC); Dysentery (f; CRC; DEP); Dysmenorrhea (1; AAB; APA; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; APA; KOM); Dysuria (f; CRC); Enterosis (f; CRC; DEP; JFM); Epilepsy (f; CRC; IED); Fever (f; AAB; CRC; DEP; IED; JFM; PH2; WOI); Flu (f; CRC; JFM); Fungus (1; AAB; CRC; TRA); Gas (1; APA; CRC; PHR; PNC; TRA); Gastrosis (f; APA; JFM; TRA); Gingivosis (f; PH2); Gonorrhea (f; CRC; DEP); Gout (f; CRC; WOI); Gravel (f; CRC); Halitosis (f; CRC; WOI); Hangover (f; IED); Headache (f; CRC; IED); Hemiplegia (f; CRC); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC; DEP; WOI); Hiccup (f; CRC); High Blood Pressure (f; IED); Hysteria (f; CRC); Infection (1; AAB; APA; KOM; PH2; TRA); Inflammation (1; COX; FNF; TRA); Insanity (f; CRC); Insomnia (f; CRC); Itch (f; APA; PH2); Malaria (f; DEP; PH2); Migraine (f; CRC); Mucososis (f; HHB); Mycosis (1; AAB; CRC; TRA); Nausea (1; APA; TRA); Nephrosis (f; APA; CRC; DEP; PH2; PNC); Nervousness (1; CRC; TRA); Neurosis (f; APA; CRC); Odontosis (1; APA); Otosis (2; AAB; CRC; DEP; PH2; TRA); Pain (1; CRC; PHR; PH2; PNC; TRA); Paralysis (f; CRC); Parasite (1; AAB; APA); Pertussis (f; CRC); Pharyngosis (f; APA); Plaque (1; APA); Polyp (f; CRC); Puerperium (f; APA); Respirosis (1; TRA); Rheumatism (1; COX; IED; PHR; PH2); Rhinosis (f; CRC); Ringworm (f; APA; CRC; DEP); Salmonella (1; WOI); Seborrhea (1; TRA); Sinusosis (f; CRC); Snakebite (f; APA; CRC); Sore (1; AAB; CRC); Sore Throat (f; APA; CRC); Spasm (f; CRC); Staphylococcus (1; CRC); Sting (f; CRC); Stomachache (1; AAB); Stomatosis (f; JFM); Swelling (f; APA); Toothache (f; CRC); Tumor (1; APA; CRC); Ulcer (1; APA; TRA); Urogenitosis (f; HHB); UTI (f; HHB); VD (f; CRC); Vertigo (f; IED); Wart (f; APA; CRC); Water Retention (f; CRC; DEP; KOM; PHR; PH2); Worm (1; AAB; CRC; JFM; PNC; WOI); Wound (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Yeast (1; AAB). Dosage: Class 2b, 2c, 2d. Not recommended for infants or over a long period (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) But one should forgo use of basil oil, however, until “the final determinations of the drug’s carcinogenic potential†(PH2). Commission E reports the herb contains up to 0.5% of EO, which contains up to 85% of estragole. Estragole is mutagenic following metabolic activation, and there is evidence from animal experiments that it may be carcinogenic. The herb and EO should not be used during pregnancy and lactation or for prolonged periods. There is no objection to the use of the herb as an admixture in levels up to 5% (AEH).Extracts (Basil) — LD50 hydromethanolic extract = >2000 mg/kg (TRA); LD50 powdered herb >6000 (TRA). Fair source of COX-2 Inhibiting oleanolic acid at ~0.1% (COX; FNF). As a source of eugenol, perhaps second only to some varieties of clove (up to 20% eugenol), and cinnamon (to 3.8%), and allspice (to 3.6% eugenol). Contraindications: Class 2b, 2c, 2d. Not recommended for infants or over a long period (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) But one should forgo use of basil oil, however, until “the final determinations of the drug’s carcinogenic potential†(PH2). Commission E reports the herb contains up to 0.5% of EO, which contains up to 85% of estragole. Estragole is mutagenic following metabolic activation, and there is evidence from animal experiments that it may be carcinogenic. The herb and EO should not be used during pregnancy and lactation or for prolonged periods. There is no objection to the use of the herb as an admixture in levels up to 5% (AEH).Extracts (Basil) — LD50 hydromethanolic extract = >2000 mg/kg (TRA); LD50 powdered herb >6000 (TRA). Fair source of COX-2 Inhibiting oleanolic acid at ~0.1% (COX; FNF). As a source of eugenol, perhaps second only to some varieties of clove (up to 20% eugenol), and cinnamon (to 3.8%), and allspice (to 3.6% eugenol). |
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| BASTARD CEDAR | Guazuma ulmifolia | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Analeptic (1; TRA); Antibacterial (1; AAB; TRA); Antidote, Comocladia (f; JFM); Antiherpetic (1; TRA); Antiprostaglandin (1; TRA); Antiseptic (1; TRA); Antiviral (1; TRA); Aperitif (f; JFM); Astringent (1; JFM); Bronchodilator (1; TRA); CNS-Stimulant (1; TRA); Cytotoxic (1; TRA); Depurative (f; JFM); Diaphoretic (f; DAV; JFM); Diuretic (1; JFM; TRA); Emollient (f; DAV); Hemostat (f; DAV); Pectoral (f; DAV); Respirastimulant (1; TRA); Stomachic (f; JFM); Uterotonic (1; AAB). Indications: Alopecia (f; JFM); Anorexia (f; JFM); Asthma (f; JFM); Bacteria (1; AAB; TRA); Bleeding (f; DAV); Bronchosis (f; JFM); Cancer (1; AAB); Childbirth (f; AAB); Cold (f; JFM); Cough (f; JFM); Dermatosis (f; AAB; JFM); Diarrhea (f; AAB); Dislocation (f; JFM); Dysentery (f; AAB; JFM); Elephantiasis (f; JFM); Fever (f; DAV; JFM); Flu (f; TRA); Gonorrhea (f; JFM); Heatstroke (f; JFM); Hemorrhoid (f; JFM); Hepatosis (f; JFM); Herpes (1; TRA); Infection (1; AAB); Leprosy (f; DAV); Malaria (f; JFM); Nephrosis (f; JFM); Parasite (f; JFM); Pneumonia (f; JFM); Proctosis (f; JFM); Prostatosis (f; AAB); Pulmonosis (f; DAV); Rash (f; AAB); Shigella (1; TRA); Sore (f; AAB; JFM); Sore Throat (f; JFM); Staphylococcus (1; TRA); Syphilis (f; JFM); VD (f; JFM); Virus (1; TRA); Water Retention (1; LFM; TRA). Dosage: Leaves contain 21,700 ppm caffeine (TRA). Nontoxic; LD50 = >25,000 mg/kg orl rat; LD50 = 5975 mg/kg ipr rat. Contraindications: Leaves contain 21,700 ppm caffeine (TRA). Nontoxic; LD50 = >25,000 mg/kg orl rat; LD50 = 5975 mg/kg ipr rat. |
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| BAYBERRY | Morella cerifera | |
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Synonyms: Myrica cerifera L., Myrica cerifera var. pumila Michx., Myrica pumila (Michx.) Small. Actions: Alterative (f; CRC); Analgesic (1; DEM; FNF); Antibacterial (1; PED); Antiinflammatory (1; APA); Antipyretic (1; APA; CAN); Astringent (1; FAD; PED; PHR; PH2); Carcinogenic (f; APA); Cardiotonic (f; CRC; JFM); Choleretic (1; APA); Circulostimulant (f; CAN); Deobstruent (f; CRC); Depurative (f; DEM); Diaphoretic (1; CAN; CRC; PHR; PH2); Diuretic (f; CEB); Emetic (f; APA; FAD; FEL; CAN; PH2); Errhine (f; CEB); Expectorant (f; APA; CEB); Insecticide (f; CEB); Insectifuge (1; CEB); Laxative (1; CRC; PED); Mineral corticoid (1; APA); Narcotic (f; CEB; CRC; FEL); Protisticide (1; APA); Sialagogue (1; CEB; PED); Spermicide (1; APA); Sternutator (f; CRC); Stimulant (f; CEB; CRC; FEL; PED; PHR; PH2; PNC); Stomachic (f; CEB; CRC); Tonic (f; APA); Vermifuge (f; DEM). Indications: Adenopathy (f; CRC); Alopecia (f; CEB); Amenorrhea (f; FEL); Backache (f; CRC); Bacteria (1; PED); Bite (f; CEB); Bleeding (f; CEB); Boil (f; CEB; CRC); Bronchosis (f; MAD); Cancer (f; CRC; JLH); Canker (f; CRC); Carbuncle (f; CRC); Catarrh (f; FAD; FEL; MAD); Chill (f; FAD); Cholera (f; CEB; CRC); Cold (f; CAN; FAD; PHR; PH2); Colic (f; CEB); Colitis (f; APA; CAN); Congestion (f; APA); Constipation (1; CRC;PED); Cough (f; PHR; PH2; PNC); Cramp (f; FEL); Dermatosis (f; PED; PHR; PH2); Diarrhea (1; APA; CAN; CRC; FEL); Dry Mouth (1; PED); Dysentery (f; CRC; FAD; JFM); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC); Dyspepsia (f; MAD); Enterosis (f; MAD); Epistaxis (f; CEB); Fever (1; APA; CAN; CRC; FAD; MAD; PHR; PH2); Fistula (f; FEL); Flu (f; APA); Gallstone (f; MAD); Gastrosis (f; DEM; FAD); Gingivosis (1; APA; FEL); Goiter (f; CRC); Gravel (f; MAD); Headache (f; CEB; CRC; DEM; MAD); Hematochezia (f; CRC); Hematoptysis (f; CRC); Hemorrhoid (1; APA); Hepatosis (1; APA; CRC; MAD); Hysteria (f; CEB); Infection (1; PED); Inflammation (1; APA; DEM); Itch (f; CEB; FAD); Jaundice (f; CRC; FAD; JFM; MAD); Lethargy (f; APA; PED); Leukorrhea (f; CAN; CRC; FAD; FEL; MAD); Metrorrhagia (f; CEB; CRC); Mucososis (f; APA; CAN; MAD); Pain (1; DEM; FNF); Palsy (f; CEB); Parasite (1; APA); Pharyngosis (f; CRC; MAD); Polyp (f; CRC; JLH; PED); Poor Circulation (f; CAN); Pyorrhea (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; DEM); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Scarlet Fever (f; CRC; FEL); Scrofula (f; CRC; FAD; FEL; PED); Sore (f; CRC; FEL; PHR); Sore Throat (1; APA; CAN; CRC; FEL); Stomachache (f; DEM); Stomatosis (1; CRC; FEL; MAD; PED); Stone (f; MAD); Swelling (f; CEB); Tonsilosis (f; DEM); Toothache (f; CEB); Typhoid (f; CRC; FEL); Ulcer (f; APA; CRC; PH2); Uterosis (f; CEB; CRC); Vaginosis (1; APA); Varicosis (f; APA; CRC); Water Retention (f; CEB); Worm (f; DEM). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). None known (PHR). Not covered (KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Bayberry is carcinogenic to rats (CAN). “Canadian regulations do not allow bayberry as a non-medicinal ingredient for oral use products†(Michols, 1995). Large doses may cause mineralcorticoid side effects (high blood pressure, sodium retention, water retention). Use of this herb can deplete potassium in the body, leading to high blood pressure and edema. Should not be used by persons with high blood pressure, edema, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal conditions, and/or sodium/potassium imbalance without first consulting a doctor. With reported carcinogenic and mineral corticoid activity, bayberry should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation (CAN). Contains myricitrin, an antibiotic that promotes sweating, which can reduce fever. Stimulates the flow of bile. Used to alleviate fever and diarrhea. May cause nausea and vomiting in large doses. Bayberry contains a high proportion of tannins and should not be used if there is a history of cancer. (Note, it is tannins that are also being promoted for cancer prevention in teas; make up our minds.) Some laboratory studies have shown tannins may promote cancer (TMA, 1996). Tannins and phenols from bark reported carcinogenic in rats when injected; but phenol and tannins orally have reported “anti-tumor promoting activity†(PNC). Wax irritating, reportedly carcinogenic (FAD). Triterpenes sapogenins may have purgative stimulus (PED); flavonoids antibacterial (PED). Myricadiol with mineral corticoid activity; myricitrin bactericidal, choleretic, protisticidal, and spermicidal (CAN; PNC). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). None known (PHR). Not covered (KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Bayberry is carcinogenic to rats (CAN). “Canadian regulations do not allow bayberry as a non-medicinal ingredient for oral use products†(Michols, 1995). Large doses may cause mineralcorticoid side effects (high blood pressure, sodium retention, water retention). Use of this herb can deplete potassium in the body, leading to high blood pressure and edema. Should not be used by persons with high blood pressure, edema, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal conditions, and/or sodium/potassium imbalance without first consulting a doctor. With reported carcinogenic and mineral corticoid activity, bayberry should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation (CAN). Contains myricitrin, an antibiotic that promotes sweating, which can reduce fever. Stimulates the flow of bile. Used to alleviate fever and diarrhea. May cause nausea and vomiting in large doses. Bayberry contains a high proportion of tannins and should not be used if there is a history of cancer. (Note, it is tannins that are also being promoted for cancer prevention in teas; make up our minds.) Some laboratory studies have shown tannins may promote cancer (TMA, 1996). Tannins and phenols from bark reported carcinogenic in rats when injected; but phenol and tannins orally have reported “anti-tumor promoting activity†(PNC). Wax irritating, reportedly carcinogenic (FAD). Triterpenes sapogenins may have purgative stimulus (PED); flavonoids antibacterial (PED). Myricadiol with mineral corticoid activity; myricitrin bactericidal, choleretic, protisticidal, and spermicidal (CAN; PNC). |
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| BAYLEAF, LAUREL | Laurus nobilis | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Abortifacient (f; SPI); Allergenic (1; CRC; PH2); Analgesic (f; CRC); Antibacterial (1; APA; CRC); Antipyretic (f; APA); Antirheumatic (f; PHR); Antiseptic (1; HHB; CRC; PH2); Antiviral (1; APA); Aperitif (1; APA; CRC); Bitter (f; HHB); Carminative (1; APA; CRC; HHB; JFM); Cholagogue (f; PNC); Diaphoretic (f; APA; CRC; PNC; SPI); Digestive (f; JFM); Diuretic (f; CRC; HHB); Emetic (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (f; APA; CRC; HHB; JFM); Fungicide (1; APA; CRC); Gastrotonic (f; CRC; JFM); Hepatotonic (f; CRC); Hypotensive (1; APA); Insectifuge (1; PH2); Molluscicide (f; PH2); Narcotic (1; CRC); Nervine (f; CRC); Parasiticide (1; HHB); Rubefacient (1; PHR; PH2); Sedative (1; APA; CRC; JFM); Stimulant (f; CRC; PNC); Stomachic (f; CRC; PNC); Tonic (f; SPI). Indications: Amenorrhea (f; CRC; SPI); Anorexia (1; APA; CRC); Arthrosis (f; APA); Bacteria (1; APA; CRC; HHB); Bruise (f; APA); Bug Bite (f; APA); Cancer (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, anus (f; JLH); Cancer, eye (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, face (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, joint (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, mouth (f; JLH); Cancer, parotid (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, testicle (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; CRC; JLH); Candida (1; SPI); Colic (f; APA; CRC; SPI); Condyloma (f; CRC); Cough (f; CRC); Dandruff (f; APA); Deafness (f; JFM); Debility (f; JFM); Dermatosis (f; APA; SPI); Dyspepsia (1; APA; JFM); Earache (f; CRC); Fever (f; APA; CRC; PNC; SPI); Fibroid (f; CRC; JLH); Fungus (1; APA; CRC); Gas (1; APA; CRC; HHB; JFM; SPI); Gastrosis (f; CRC); Hepatosis (f; CRC); High Blood Pressure (1; APA); Hysteria (f; CRC; SPI); Impostume (f; CRC; JLH); Infection (1; APA; CRC; SPI); Insomnia (1; APA; CRC; JFM); Mange (f; JFM); Migraine (1; FNF; HAD); Mycosis (1; APA; CRC; SPI); Nervousness (1; APA; CRC; JFM); Orchosis (f; JLH); Pain (f; APA; CRC); Parasite (1; HHB; SPI); Polyp (f; CRC); Proctosis (f; JLH); Rheumatism (f; CRC; PHR; PH2; SPI); Sclerosis (f; CRC); Sore (f; APA; JFM); Spasm (f; CRC); Sprain (f; APA; CRC; WOI); Staphylococcus (1; SPI); Ulcer (f; JFM); Uterosis (f; JLH); Virus (1; APA); Water Retention (f; CRC; HHB); Wen (f; CRC); Wound (1; APA). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). None known at proper dosage (PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (No dosage given, however) (PH2). Leaf and berry oil may cause severe lesions of the skin. Contact dermatosis from handling leaves or EO reported. Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting from excessive doses of the EO may occur. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), are aromatic compounds widely distributed in certain plant families, with highest concentrations generally found in leaves and flowers. Sheep and cattle poisonings due to SL-containing species have been reported. Cases of allergic contact dermatosis in humans have also been reported (AEH). There have been a few unfortunate fatalities to people perforating their intestines with fragmented laurel leaves. Always remove them from your spaghetti and stew (JAD; TAD). Artemorin, costunolide, costuslactone, deacetlylaurenobiolide, laurenobiolide, reynosin, santamarin, and verlorin are 8 alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones documented to be the chief cause of allergy (contact dermatosis) in Laurus (TAD). With compounds like parthenolide and santamarin, this shares many of the antimigraine compounds of feverfew. Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). None known at proper dosage (PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (No dosage given, however) (PH2). Leaf and berry oil may cause severe lesions of the skin. Contact dermatosis from handling leaves or EO reported. Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting from excessive doses of the EO may occur. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), are aromatic compounds widely distributed in certain plant families, with highest concentrations generally found in leaves and flowers. Sheep and cattle poisonings due to SL-containing species have been reported. Cases of allergic contact dermatosis in humans have also been reported (AEH). There have been a few unfortunate fatalities to people perforating their intestines with fragmented laurel leaves. Always remove them from your spaghetti and stew (JAD; TAD). Artemorin, costunolide, costuslactone, deacetlylaurenobiolide, laurenobiolide, reynosin, santamarin, and verlorin are 8 alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones documented to be the chief cause of allergy (contact dermatosis) in Laurus (TAD). With compounds like parthenolide and santamarin, this shares many of the antimigraine compounds of feverfew. |
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| BAYRUM TREE | Pimenta racemosa | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Allergenic (1; CRC); Analgesic (1; CRC; FNF; JFM; PHR); Antifumitory (f; JFM); Antipyretic (f; JFM); Antiseptic (1; CRC); Carminative (f; CRC; JFM); Digestive (f; CRC); Expectorant (f; CRC); Rubefacient (f; PHR); Stimulant (f; CRC; JFM); Stomachic (f; CRC). Indications: Adenopathy (f; CRC); Arthrosis (1; FNF; JFM); Bite (f; CRC); Bruise (f; CRC); Cancer (f; CRC); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Chest Cold (f; CRC; JFM); Cold (f; CRC); Dermatosis (f; JFM); Diarrhea (f; CRC; JFM); Dyspepsia (f; CRC); Dysuria (f; CRC; JFM); Edema (f; CRC); Elephantiasis (f; CRC); Fever (f; CRC; JFM); Flu (f; CRC; JFM); Gas (f; CRC; JFM); Grippe (1; FNF; JFM); Headache (f; CRC); Incontinence (f; CRC); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; CRC); Lethargy (f; JFM); Myalgia (1; FNF; JFM); Nausea (f; CRC); Nicotinism (f; JFM); Pain (1; CRC; FNF; JFM; PHR); Pleurisy (f; CRC; JFM); Pneumonia (f; CRC; JFM); Rheumatism (1; FNF; JFM); Scirrhus (f; JLH); Smoking (f; CRC; JFM); Sore Throat (f; CRC); Spasm (f; CRC); Stroke (f; CRC; JFM); Toothache (1; CRC; FNF; JFM); Tumor (f; JLH); Uterosis (f; JLH); Varicosis (f; CRC); Vertigo (f; CRC). Dosage: Not covered (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Some people react to eugenol (PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Some people react to eugenol (PH2). |
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| BEARBERRY | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | |
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Synonyms: Arbutus uva-ursi L. Actions: Algicide (1; MAB); Antibacterial (1; APA; FAD; PIP; PH2); Antiedemic (1; CAN); Antihepatosis (1; CAN); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; CAN; SHT); Antiseptic (1; BGB; CAN; PH2; WAM); Antitussive (1; MAB); Antityrosinase (1; PHR); Aquaretic (1; SHT); Astringent (1; APA; PIP; PH2; WAM); Bitter (f; PED); Candidicide (1; BGB); Cytotoxic (1; CAN); Depurative (f; DEM); Diuretic (1; APA; CAN; FAD; PH2); Emetic (1; APA); Emmenagogue (f; DEM); Fungicide (1; BGB); Hemostat (1; BGB; FAD); Intoxicant (f; DEM); Laxative (f; DEM); Litholytic (1; CRC; FNF; PH2); Molluscicide (1; CAN); Narcotic (f; DEM); Nephroprotective (1; MAB); Phospholipase-A2-Inhibitor (1; MAB); Tonic (f; DEM); Urinary Antiseptic (1; FAD; PH2; SKY; WAM); Vulnerary (f; DEM). Indications: Acne (f; DEM); Backache (1; CRC; DEM); Bacteria (1; APA; FAD; PIP; PH2); Bleeding (1; BGB; CRC; FAD); Blennorrhea (1; CRC); Boil (f; DEM); Bronchosis (f; APA; CRC; FAD); Burn (f; DEM); Cancer (1; CRC; JLH); Candida (1; BGB); Canker (f; DEM); Catarrh (f; CAN; MAB); Childbirth (f; CRC); Cholecystosis (1; MAB); Cold (f; DEM); Conjunctivosis (f; DEM); Constipation (f; DEM); Cough (1; MAB); Cystosis (1; APA; FAD; WAM); Dandruff (f; DEM); Dermatosis (1; WAM); Diabetes (f; CRC; MAB); Diarrhea (1; APA; FAD; WAM); Dropsy (f; BGB); Dysentery (f; CRC; MAB); Dysmenorrhea (1; CRC); Dysuria (1; CAN; CRC; MAB); Enuresis (f; MAB; PED; WAM); Fever (1; CRC); Fracture (f; DEM); Fungus (1; BGB); Gallstone (1; CRC); Gingivosis (f; DEM); Gleet (f; CRC); Gonorrhea (f; FAD; MAB); Gout (1; CRC); Hematuria (f; BGB; MAB); Hemorrhoid (1; CRC; WAM); Hepatosis (1; CAN; CRC); Hyperpigmentation (f; MAB); Incontinence (1; CRC); Infection (1; APA; BGB; FAD; PIP); Inflammation (1; APA; BGB; CAN; MAB; PH2; SHT); Itch (1; WAM); Kidney Stone (1; APA; CRC; X7860196); Leukorrhea (1; MAB); Lithuria (f; CAN); Menorrhagia (1; CRC; MAB); Miscarriage (f; DEM); Mycosis (1; BGB); Nephrosis (1; APA; FAD; MAB; PED); Obesity (f; APA); Ophthalmia (f; DEM); Otosis (f; DEM); Pain (1; DEM); Pancreatosis (1; CRC); Pneumonia (1; BGB); Prostatosis (1; MAB; PED); Pyelitis (1; CAN; CRC; PNC); Pyelonephrosis (1; MAB); Rheumatism (1; CRC); Splenosis (1; CRC); Sprain (f; DEM); Stone (1; CRC; FAD; FNF; PH2; SHT); Strangury(f; MAB); Streptococcus (1; FNF); Swelling (1; CAN; MAB); Thirst (f; DEM); Tuberculosis (f; CRC); Ulcer (1; CRC); Urethrosis (2; APA; KOM; PNC); Uterosis (f; BGB); UTI (2; APA; PHR; PH2; SHT); Water retention (1; APA; CAN; FAD; PH2); VD (1; MAB); Yeast (1; BGB; FNF). Dosage: Class 2b, 2d. Contraindicated in kidney disorders, irritated digestive conditions, acidic urine; not for prolonged used (AHP; AEH; WAM). Hepatosis, nausea, nephrosis, stomachache, vomiting. Use no more than 1 week, unless otherwise directed by physician. Not recommended for children, lactating, pregnant, or nephritic patients (AHP; PH2; SKY). Canadians discourage bearberry as a nonmedicinal ingredient for oral use (Michols, 1995). Do not take other urine acidifiers, which could lessen antisepsis (KOM). One gram of the cytotoxic hydroquinone, equivalent to 6–20 g plant material, totally extracted (I presume) has caused collapse, convulsions, cyanosis, delirium, nausea, shortness of breath, tinnitus, and vomiting. Five grams has proved fatal. Because of high tannin content, prolonged use of uvaursi may cause chronic liver impairment. Since large doses are reportedly oxytocic, and in view of hydroquinone’s toxicity, “the use of uva-ursi during pregnancy and lactation is best avoided,†but in the last paragraph on page 259, the hydroquinone concentrations “provided by ingestion of therapeutic doses of uva-ursi are not thought to represent a risk to human health†(CAN). Extracts (Bearberry) — Aqueous and methanol extracts molluscicidal at 50 ppm. Antiseptic (bactericidal) activity of arbutin, at least on urinary-tract bacteria, depends on beta-glucosidase activity of the microbe, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Streptococcus being highest, Bacillus, Mycobacterium, Shigella, and Staphylococcus apparently intermediate, with Escherichia being lowest. Arbutin is absorbed from the GI tract virtually unchanged. During renal excretion, it is hydrolyzed to the active principle, hydroquinone, which exerts an antiseptic and astringent action on the urinary mucous membranes. The crude extract is reportedly more effective than isolated arbutin, due to other chemicals that may also yield hydroquinone. Gallic acid in the crude extract may prevent beta-glucosidase cleavage of arbutin in the GI tract before absorption, thereby delivering more hydroquinone in renal excretion (CAN). Methanol extract (50%) inhibits tyrosinase. This could also inhibit the formation of melanin from DOPA (KOM). LD50 2% hydroquinone = 320–550 mg/kg orl (MAB); Arbutin = codeine as antitussive and stronger than the non-narcotic dropropizine (MAB). Contraindications: Class 2b, 2d. Contraindicated in kidney disorders, irritated digestive conditions, acidic urine; not for prolonged used (AHP; AEH; WAM). Hepatosis, nausea, nephrosis, stomachache, vomiting. Use no more than 1 week, unless otherwise directed by physician. Not recommended for children, lactating, pregnant, or nephritic patients (AHP; PH2; SKY). Canadians discourage bearberry as a nonmedicinal ingredient for oral use (Michols, 1995). Do not take other urine acidifiers, which could lessen antisepsis (KOM). One gram of the cytotoxic hydroquinone, equivalent to 6–20 g plant material, totally extracted (I presume) has caused collapse, convulsions, cyanosis, delirium, nausea, shortness of breath, tinnitus, and vomiting. Five grams has proved fatal. Because of high tannin content, prolonged use of uvaursi may cause chronic liver impairment. Since large doses are reportedly oxytocic, and in view of hydroquinone’s toxicity, “the use of uva-ursi during pregnancy and lactation is best avoided,†but in the last paragraph on page 259, the hydroquinone concentrations “provided by ingestion of therapeutic doses of uva-ursi are not thought to represent a risk to human health†(CAN). Extracts (Bearberry) — Aqueous and methanol extracts molluscicidal at 50 ppm. Antiseptic (bactericidal) activity of arbutin, at least on urinary-tract bacteria, depends on beta-glucosidase activity of the microbe, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Streptococcus being highest, Bacillus, Mycobacterium, Shigella, and Staphylococcus apparently intermediate, with Escherichia being lowest. Arbutin is absorbed from the GI tract virtually unchanged. During renal excretion, it is hydrolyzed to the active principle, hydroquinone, which exerts an antiseptic and astringent action on the urinary mucous membranes. The crude extract is reportedly more effective than isolated arbutin, due to other chemicals that may also yield hydroquinone. Gallic acid in the crude extract may prevent beta-glucosidase cleavage of arbutin in the GI tract before absorption, thereby delivering more hydroquinone in renal excretion (CAN). Methanol extract (50%) inhibits tyrosinase. This could also inhibit the formation of melanin from DOPA (KOM). LD50 2% hydroquinone = 320–550 mg/kg orl (MAB); Arbutin = codeine as antitussive and stronger than the non-narcotic dropropizine (MAB). |
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| BEAUTY BERRY | Callicarpa americana | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Algicide (1; JAF48:3008); Cyanobactericide (1; JAF48:3008); Depurative (f; FAD); Diuretic (f; DEM); Fungicide (1; JAF48:3008); Herbicide (1; JAF48:3008). Indications: Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, skin (f; JLH); Colic (f; DEM); Dermatosis (f; DEM; JLH); Dizziness (f; DEM); Dropsy (f; FAD); Dysentery (f; DEM); Dysuria (f; DEM); Enterosis (f; DEM); Fever (f; DEM); Fungus (1; JAF48:3008); Gastrosis (f; DEM); Infection (1; JAF48:3008); Itch (f; DEM); Malaria (f; DEM); Mycosis (1; JAF48:3008); Rheumatism (f; DEM); Stomachache (f; DEM); Water Retention (f; DEM). Dosage: Contraindications: |
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| BEE BALM | Monarda didyma | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Abortifacient (f; DEM); Antipyretic (f; PHR); Antispasmodic (f; PHR); Carminative (f; FAD); Diaphoretic (f; FAD); Digestive (f; PHR); Diuretic (f; DEM; PHR); Vermifuge (f; FAD). Indications: Cardiopathy (f; FAD); Cold (f; FAD); Colic (f; DEM; FAD); Cramp (f; PHR); Dysmenorrhea (f; PHR); Dyspepsia (f; PHR); Fever (f; FAD; PHR); Gas (f; DEM; FAD; PHR); Headache (f; DEM; FAD); Hysteria (f; DEM); Insomnia (f; DEM; FAD); Measles (f; FAD); Nosebleed (f; DEM; FAD); Stomachache (f; DEM; FAD); Water Retention (f; DEM; PHR); Worm (f; FAD). Dosage: None reported (PHR). Class 2b; emmenagogue/uterotonic (AHP). AHP assigns this caveat indiscriminately to M. clinipodia, M. didyma, M. fistulosa, M. pectinata, and M. punctata. The PHR notes antipyretic, antispasmodic, carminative, digestive, and diuretic effects, and use for dyspepsia, dysmenorrhea, and flatulence (PHR). Contraindications: None reported (PHR). Class 2b; emmenagogue/uterotonic (AHP). AHP assigns this caveat indiscriminately to M. clinipodia, M. didyma, M. fistulosa, M. pectinata, and M. punctata. The PHR notes antipyretic, antispasmodic, carminative, digestive, and diuretic effects, and use for dyspepsia, dysmenorrhea, and flatulence (PHR). |
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| BEET | Beta vulgaris | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Anorectic (f; KAB); Antibacterial (1; WO2); Antiinflammatory (f; KAB); Antioxidant (1; WO2); Antiseptic (1; WO2); Antitumor (1; WO2); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB); Cardiotonic (f; WO2); Carminative (f; KAB); Diaphoretic (f; SKJ); Diuretic (1; KAB; WO2); Emmenagogue (1; KAB; WO2); Estrogenic (1; WO2); Expectorant (f; KAB); Hepatoprotective (1; PH2); Myotonic (1; WO2); Tonic (f; KAB). Indications: Adenopathy (f; JLH); Anemia (f; HHB); Bacteria (1; WO2); Bruise (f; SKJ); Burn (f; SKJ); Cancer (f; HHB; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, esophagus (f; JLH); Cancer, genital (f; JLH); Cancer, gland (f; JLH); Cancer, head (f; JLH); Cancer, intestine (f; JLH); Cancer, leg (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (1; JNU); Cancer, lung (1; JNU); Cancer, skin (1; JNU); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH);Cough (f; PH2); Enterosis (f; WO2); Esophagosis (f; JLH); Fever (f; SKJ); Gas (f; KAB); Gastrosis (f; WO2); Hepatosis (f; HHB; PH2); Hunger (f; KAB); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; JNU; PH2; WO2); Inflammation (f; KAB); Nephrosis (f; HHB); Pain (f; HHB; KAB); Parasite (f; JNU); Salmonella (1; WO2); Splenosis (f; JLH); Tumor (1; WO2); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (1; KAB; WO2). Dosage: “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Overdoses might cause hypocalcemia, kidney damage, and oxalate-toxicity (PH2). Contraindications: “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Overdoses might cause hypocalcemia, kidney damage, and oxalate-toxicity (PH2). |
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