Herbal Medicine Reference

Synonyms:

Actions: Bradycardic (1; HHB); Cardiac (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; PH2); Emetic (1; HHB); Emmenagogue (f; EFS); Irritant (1; PH2); Laxative (1; HHB); Nervine (f; EFS); Poison (1; HHB); Ptarmic ( = mucoirritant) (1; PH2); Respiraparalytic (1; HHB); Sialagogue (1; PH2); Sternutator (f; EFS); Toxic (f; EFS); Vermifuge (f; HHB).

Indications: Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Constipation (1; HHB; PH2); Diarrhea (f; PH2); Induration (f; JLH); Nausea (f; PH2); Neurosis (f; HHB); Splenosis (f; HHB); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; PH2); Worm (f; HHB).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). Do not take it (JAD). Overdoses may cause asphyxiation, following cardiac arrhythmia, convulsions, diarrhea, dizziness, dyspnea, and nausea (PH2).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). Do not take it (JAD). Overdoses may cause asphyxiation, following cardiac arrhythmia, convulsions, diarrhea, dizziness, dyspnea, and nausea (PH2).

Synonyms:

Actions: ACE Inhibitor (1; WO2); Amebicide (1; APA); Analgesic (1; JAD); Antiadenosine (1; PH2); Antiaggregant (1; SKY; WO2); Antialzheimeran (1; COX; FNF); Antiarthritic (1; COX; FNF); Antiatherosclerotic (1; APA; WO2); Antibacterial (1; AKT; APA); Antibradykinin (1; PH2); Anticancer (1; COX; FNF); Anticapillary Fragility (1; PH2); Anticariogenic (1; APA; PH2); Antidepressant (1; PH2); Antidiabetic (1; APA); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; COX; PH2); Antileukemic (1; WO2); Antimutagenic (1; APA); Antinitrosaminic (1; APA); Antioxidant (1; APA; FNF; PH2); Antiprostaglandin (1; PH2); Antiseptic (1; FNF; SKY); Antispasmodic (1; AKT); Antithiamin (1; APA); Antiviral (1; AKT; FNF; WO2); Apoptotic (1; AKT; JNU); Astringent (1; APA; FNF; SHT); Bronchodilator (1; DAA); Cardiotonic (f; DAA); Catabolic (1; JNU); Chemopreventive (1; AKT; COX; FNF); CNS Stimulant (1; APA; FNF); Decongestant (1; APA); Detoxicant (1; JNU); Diuretic (1; APA; PH2); Glycolytic (1; PH2); Hemostat (1; APA); Hepatoprotective (1; APA; WO2); Hypocholesterolemic (1; AKT; APA; SKY; WO2); Hypoglycemic (1; APA; SYN); Hypotensive (f; SKY); Hypotriglyceridemic (1; SYN; WO2); Immunostimulant (1; AKT; FNF; SKY); Lipolytic (1; PH2); Myorelaxant (1; DAA); Neurotonic (f; AKT); Positive Inotropic (1; PH2); Radioprotective (1; AKT; WO2); Respirastimulant (1; DAA); Secretagogue (1; WO2); Thermogenic (1; AKT; APA; FNF).

Indications: Acute Diarrhea (1; SHT); ADD (f; DAA); Agitation (f; PH2); Alcoholism (f; PH2); Allergy (1; WO2); Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Ameba (1; APA); Angina (1; DAA); Anorexia (f; PH2); Apoplexy (f; JNU); Arthrosis (1; COX; FNF); Asthma (1; AKT; APA; WO2); Atherosclerosis (1; APA; JNU; WO2); Bacteria (1; AKT; APA; WO2); Bite (f; DAA); Bladder Stone (f; WO2); Bleeding (1; APA; WO2); Bronchosis (1; WO2); Bruise (f; DAA); Burn (f; DAA); Cancer (1; APA; COX; FNF); Cancer, breast (1; PH2); Cancer, colon (1; APA; PH2); Cancer, esophagus (1; APA; JNU; WO2); Cancer, intestine (1; PH2; WO2); Cancer, liver (1; APA); Cancer, lung (1; APA; PH2; WO2); Cancer, pancreas (2; PH2; APA); Cancer, rectum (2; PH2); Cancer, skin (1; JNU; APA); Cancer, stomach (2; JNU; PH2; WO2); Capillary Fragility (1; PH2); Cardiopathy (1; APA; PH2; SKY); Caries (2; AKT; JAD; PH2); Circulosis (f; PH2); Cold (1; APA; JNU; WO2); Colic (f; JNU); Colitis (1; APA); Congestion (1; APA); Cough (1; APA); Cramp (1; AKT); Cystosis (f; WO2); Depression (1; PH2); Diarrhea (1; AKT; APA; PHR); Diabetes (1; APA); Dropsy (f; DAA); Dysentery (1;PNC; WO2); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Edema (f; DAA; WO2); Emphysema (1; DAA); Encephalosis (f; WO2); Enterosis (1; APA; PH2); Enterovirus (1; WO2); Epilepsy (f; DAA; JNU); Escherichia (1; PH2); Esophagosis (1; APA); Fatigue (f; DAA; PH2); Fever (f; PH2; WO2); Gastrosis (f; PHR; PH2); Gingivosis (1; SKY); Goiter (1; WO2); Gout (f; WO2); Hangover (f; DAA); Headache (1; APA; PH2); Hepatosis (f; PH2; WO2); Herpes (1; AKT); High Blood Pressure (f; SKY); High Cholesterol (1; AKT; APA; SKY; WO2); High Triglyceride (1; SKY); Hyperdipsia (f; PH2); Hyperthyroidism (1; WO2); Immunodepression (1; AKT; FNF; SKY); Infection (1; SKY); Inflammation (1; APA; COX; FNF; PH2); Kidney Stone (f; WO2); Lethargy (1; JNU); Leukemia (1; WO2); Malaria (f; PH2); Melanoma (f; JNU); Metastasis (f; JNU); Migraine (f; DAA; JNU; PH2); Nausea (f; PHR; PH2); Nephrosis (f; WO2); Obesity (1; APA; FNF; JNU); Odontorrhagia (1; APA); Ophthalmia (f; DAA); Pain (1; JAD; PH2); Paralysis (f; JNU); Plaque (2; PH2); Polyp (1; APA); Shingle (1; AKT); Smallpox (f; DAA); Stone (f; JNU); Streptococcus (1; PH2); Stroke (1; APA; JNU); Sunburn (1; APA); Swelling (f; DAA); Toxemia (f; DAA); Tuberculosis (f; JNU); Ulcer (1; AKT; APA); Vertigo (f; JNU); Virus (1; AKT; FNF; WO2); Vomiting (f; PH2); Water Retention (1; APA; PH2); Wrinkle (1; APA). (Not covered by Commission E (KOM)).

Dosage: Class 2d. Fermented black tea not recommended for excess or long-term use (AHP). In excess can cause GI distress and nervous irritability (due to caffeine) (PNC). Caffeine syndrome in overindulgence, as with coffee, etc. (SKY). All things in moderation. One woman who consumed the equivalent of 65 g tea leaves/day for 5 years exhibited liver dysfunction. Ascites and splenomegaly resolved after tea was discontinued (SHT). Pedersen, who does not cover conventional tea, says that peppermint leaf contains much astringent tannin, which can damage the liver and intestine with prolonged use (Pedersen, 1998). Since the more widely used tea (Camellia sinensis) often contains twice as much tannin as peppermint, this recommendation should be doubly pertinent under tea, or maybe we should call these tannins by the more attractive names “OPCs, polyphenols, and pycnogenols” and declare them useful antioxidant good guys instead of hepatotoxic bad guys (JAD). Regarding caffeine, “Pregnant women should under no circumstances exceed a dosage of 300 mg/day (5 cups of tea spread out over the course of a day). Infants whose nursing mothers consume beverage containing caffeine could suffer from sleep disorders” (APA). Extracts (Green or Black Tea) — Both the polphenols (OPCs, tannins) and xanthines (caffeine) have their good and bad sides. As a major source of the major COX-2 Inhibitor ([+]-catechin), this might be viewed by enthusiasts as another herbal miracle aspirin (COX). See FNF. Muroi and Kubo (1993) demonstrated synergies for antibacterial activity in compounds from tea (Camellia sinensis), “... green tea extract is effective in the prevention of dental caries because of the antibacterial activity of flavor compounds together with the antiplaque activity of polyphenols.... Synergism was found in the combination of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (delta-cadinene and beta-caryophyllene) with indole; their bactericidal activities increased from 128-fold to 256- fold ... the combination of 25 μg/mL delta-cadinene and 400 μg/mL indole reduced the number of viable (bacterial) cells at any stage of growth.” Translation: The mixture (“herbal shotgun”) of three bactericidal compounds that might help prevent plaque was more than 100 times more potent than the isolated individual compounds (“magic bullet”). And then there is the natural fluoride (130–160 ppm) (PDR).

Contraindications: Class 2d. Fermented black tea not recommended for excess or long-term use (AHP). In excess can cause GI distress and nervous irritability (due to caffeine) (PNC). Caffeine syndrome in overindulgence, as with coffee, etc. (SKY). All things in moderation. One woman who consumed the equivalent of 65 g tea leaves/day for 5 years exhibited liver dysfunction. Ascites and splenomegaly resolved after tea was discontinued (SHT). Pedersen, who does not cover conventional tea, says that peppermint leaf contains much astringent tannin, which can damage the liver and intestine with prolonged use (Pedersen, 1998). Since the more widely used tea (Camellia sinensis) often contains twice as much tannin as peppermint, this recommendation should be doubly pertinent under tea, or maybe we should call these tannins by the more attractive names “OPCs, polyphenols, and pycnogenols” and declare them useful antioxidant good guys instead of hepatotoxic bad guys (JAD). Regarding caffeine, “Pregnant women should under no circumstances exceed a dosage of 300 mg/day (5 cups of tea spread out over the course of a day). Infants whose nursing mothers consume beverage containing caffeine could suffer from sleep disorders” (APA). Extracts (Green or Black Tea) — Both the polphenols (OPCs, tannins) and xanthines (caffeine) have their good and bad sides. As a major source of the major COX-2 Inhibitor ([+]-catechin), this might be viewed by enthusiasts as another herbal miracle aspirin (COX). See FNF. Muroi and Kubo (1993) demonstrated synergies for antibacterial activity in compounds from tea (Camellia sinensis), “... green tea extract is effective in the prevention of dental caries because of the antibacterial activity of flavor compounds together with the antiplaque activity of polyphenols.... Synergism was found in the combination of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (delta-cadinene and beta-caryophyllene) with indole; their bactericidal activities increased from 128-fold to 256- fold ... the combination of 25 μg/mL delta-cadinene and 400 μg/mL indole reduced the number of viable (bacterial) cells at any stage of growth.” Translation: The mixture (“herbal shotgun”) of three bactericidal compounds that might help prevent plaque was more than 100 times more potent than the isolated individual compounds (“magic bullet”). And then there is the natural fluoride (130–160 ppm) (PDR).

Synonyms:

Actions: Alexeteric (f; CRC); Alterative (f; CRC); Analgesic (f; CRC); Antidote, lead (f; CRC); Antiedemic (1; CAN); Antiinflammatory (1; PHR; PH2; PNC); Antipyretic (f; CRC); Antiscorbutic (f; CRC); Antiulcer (1; CAN); Astringent (f; CAN; CRC); Cardiotonic (f; CRC); Collyrium (f; CRC); Depurative (f; CRC; FAD); Diaphoretic (f; CRC); Diuretic (f; CAN; CRC; PH2); Expectorant (f; CAN; MAD); Poison (f; CRC); Stimulant (f; CRC); Stomachic (f; CAN); Tonic (f; CRC; PNC); Vermifuge (f; MAD); Vulnerary (f; CAN).

Indications: Adenopathy (f; MAD); Aging (f; CRC); Anemia (f; MAD); Asthma (f; CRC; FAD); Arthrosis (f; CRC; PH2); Backache (f; CRC; FAD); Bladder Stone (f; PH2); Bleeding (f; MAD); Bronchosis (f; CAN; PH2); Bruise (f; CRC; FAD); Cancer (f; FAD); Carbuncle (f; PH2); Catarrh (f; CAN; PHR); Cold (f; CRC; DEM); Corn (f; CRC); Cough (f; PHR; PH2); Cystosis (f; CAN; PH2); Dermatosis (f; PHR; PH2); Diabetes (f; CRC); Diarrhea (f; PH2); Dysentery (f; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (f; PHR; PH2); Earache (f; CRC); Enterosis (f; PHR; PH2); Epithelioma (f; CRC); Erysipelas (f; PH2); Fever (f; CRC); Fistula (f; CRC); Gastrosis (f; CAN; PHR; PH2); Gout (f; CRC; MAD); Headache (f; CRC; MAD); Hemorrhoid (f; CAN; CRC; PH2); Hepatosis (f; MAD); Hive (f; DEM); Hysteria (f; MAD); Inflammation (1; CRC; PHR; PH2; PNC); Kidney Stone (f; PH2); Jaundice (f; FAD); Leukorrhea (f; MAD); Marasmus (f; CRC); Measles (f; DEM); Mucososis (f; PH2); Nephrosis (f; CRC; FAD; PH2); Neurasthenia (f; MAD); Osteosis (f; CRC); Otosis (f; MAD); Pain (f; CRC; PH2); Phthisis (f; MAD); Pneumonia (f; CRC); Psoriasis (f; MAD); Pulmonosis (f; CRC; FAD); Respirosis (f; PHR; PH2); Rheumatism (f; CRC; PH2); Rickets (f; CRC); Scabies (f; PH2); Sciatica (f; CRC); Scrofula (f; PH2); Scurvy (1; CRC); Sniffle (f; MAD); Sore (f; PH2); Sore Throat (f; CRC); Splenosis (f; MAD); Stone (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Swelling (1; CAN; CRC); Tinnitus (f; CAN); Toothache (f; CRC); Trauma (f; CRC); Tuberculosis (f; CRC); Ulcer (1; CAN; CRC; PHR); Urogenitosis (f; CRC); Water Retention (f; CAN; CRC; PH2); Worm (f; MAD); Wound (f; CRC; PHR; PH2).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Animals grazing the plant are often intoxicated; symptoms include accelerated weak pulse, conjunctival hemorrhage, difficulty in breathing, dilation of the caecum, dizziness, elevated temperature, gastroenterosis, and megalosplenia. Grazing horses have suffered fatalities, as have mice fed only on this plant 3–4 days (PH2). CAN cautions that the pulegone in the volatile oil is an irritant to the GI tract and kidneys. Because of the irritant oil, its use in nephrosis, pregnancy, and lactation is to be avoided. Contraindicated, reportedly, in epilepsy, lactation, nephrosis, and pregnancy. In view of the lack of toxicity data and the reported cytotoxic activity of ursolic acid, excessive use of ground ivy should be avoided (CAN). But, all plants contain cytotoxic compounds and many, if not most, contain ursolic acid (JAD). Pulegone is an irritant, hepatotoxic, and abortifacient principle. In view of the lack of toxicity data and the possible irritant and abortifacient action of the volatile oil, the use of ground ivy during pregnancy and lactation should be avoided (PHR). Extracts (Ground Ivy) — Documented pharmacological activities support some of the herbal uses. Ethanol extracts are antiinflammatory and antiedemic; 2-alpha and 2-beta-hydroxyursolic acids protect mice from ulcers. Ursolic acid also demonstrates cytotoxic activity against lymphocytic leukemia, human lung carcinoma, and marginal activity against human colon and mammary tumors.

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Animals grazing the plant are often intoxicated; symptoms include accelerated weak pulse, conjunctival hemorrhage, difficulty in breathing, dilation of the caecum, dizziness, elevated temperature, gastroenterosis, and megalosplenia. Grazing horses have suffered fatalities, as have mice fed only on this plant 3–4 days (PH2). CAN cautions that the pulegone in the volatile oil is an irritant to the GI tract and kidneys. Because of the irritant oil, its use in nephrosis, pregnancy, and lactation is to be avoided. Contraindicated, reportedly, in epilepsy, lactation, nephrosis, and pregnancy. In view of the lack of toxicity data and the reported cytotoxic activity of ursolic acid, excessive use of ground ivy should be avoided (CAN). But, all plants contain cytotoxic compounds and many, if not most, contain ursolic acid (JAD). Pulegone is an irritant, hepatotoxic, and abortifacient principle. In view of the lack of toxicity data and the possible irritant and abortifacient action of the volatile oil, the use of ground ivy during pregnancy and lactation should be avoided (PHR). Extracts (Ground Ivy) — Documented pharmacological activities support some of the herbal uses. Ethanol extracts are antiinflammatory and antiedemic; 2-alpha and 2-beta-hydroxyursolic acids protect mice from ulcers. Ursolic acid also demonstrates cytotoxic activity against lymphocytic leukemia, human lung carcinoma, and marginal activity against human colon and mammary tumors.

Synonyms: Teucrium chamaepitys L.

Actions: Diaphoretic (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS; PH2); Emmenagogue (f; EFS; PH2); Stimulant (f; PH2); Tonic (f; EFS); Vulnerary (f; EFS).

Indications: Ague (f; GMH); Cancer (f; JLH); Cirrhosis (f; JLH); Dropsy (f; GMH); Fever (f; EFS); Gout (f; GMH; PH2); Gynecopathy (f; GMH; PH2); Hepatosis (f; JLH); Induration (f; JLH); Jaundice (f; GMH); Mastosis (f; JLH); Rheumatism (f; GMH; PH2); Splenosis (f; JLH); Swelling (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; EFS; PH2).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD).

Synonyms:

Actions: Carcinogenic (1; AEH; PH2); Diaphoretic (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS); Emetic (f; EFS); Emmenagogue (f; EFS); Hemostat (f; EFS; MAD); Hepatotoxic (1; AEH; PH2); Laxative (f; EFS); Poison (1; PH2); Vermifuge (f; EFS); Vulnerary (f; EFS).

Indications: Amenorrhea (f; EFS; MAD); Anemia (f; MAD); Bleeding (f; EFS; MAD); Catarrh (f; MAD); Chlorosis (f; MAD); Colic (f; HH2); Constipation (f; EFS); CVI (f; BRU); Cystosis (f; MAD); Depression (f; MAD); Diabetes (f; MAD); Diarrhea (f; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; EFS; HH2; MAD; PH2); Encephalosis (f; MAD); Epilepsy (f; HH2); Fever (f; EFS); Gout (f; MAD); Headache (f; MAD); Hemorrhoid (f; MAD); Jaundice (f; MAD); Mastosis (f; MAD); Neurosis (f; MAD); Odontosis (f; HH2); Pain (f; MAD); Phthisis (f; MAD); Plethora (f; MAD); Scab (f; MAD); Sore (f; MAD); Spine (f; MAD); Tuberculosis (f; MAD); Urogenitosis (f; MAD); Uterosis (f; MAD); Water Retention (f; EFS); Worm (f; EFS; HH2); Wound (f; EFS).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in considerable amounts and varieties, which can be carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, and mutagenic. Use of Senecio species can result in potentially fatal hepatic veno-occlusive disease in humans, with symptoms of abdominal pain and vomiting with ascites. PAs are toxic to humans, with liver damage with cirrhosis and ascites, or seneciosis, or venoocclusive disease reported in almost all cases of severe or fatal intoxications, from intakes of 0.5 mg/kg to 3.3 mg/kg (AEH1). Horses grazing the plant develop anorexia, ascites, edema, encephalopathy with gait anomalies, and jaundice (BRU). LD50 (mixed alkaloids) = 140 mg/kg orl rat (HH2).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in considerable amounts and varieties, which can be carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, and mutagenic. Use of Senecio species can result in potentially fatal hepatic veno-occlusive disease in humans, with symptoms of abdominal pain and vomiting with ascites. PAs are toxic to humans, with liver damage with cirrhosis and ascites, or seneciosis, or venoocclusive disease reported in almost all cases of severe or fatal intoxications, from intakes of 0.5 mg/kg to 3.3 mg/kg (AEH1). Horses grazing the plant develop anorexia, ascites, edema, encephalopathy with gait anomalies, and jaundice (BRU). LD50 (mixed alkaloids) = 140 mg/kg orl rat (HH2).

Synonyms:

Actions: Abortifacient (f; JFM); Antiinflammatory (f; CAN; PNC); Antirheumatic (f; CAN; PNC); Diaphoretic (f; CAN; JFM; PNC); Diuretic (f; CAN; MAD; PNC); Emmenagogue (f; JFM); Fungicide (1; PHR); Hypoglycemic (1; JFM); Laxative (f; CAN; HHB).

Indications: Adenopathy (f; MAD); Amenorrhea (f; JFM); Angina (f; HHB); Arthrosis (f; CAN); Asthma (f; JFM); Cachexia (f; MAD); Catarrh (f; MAD); Constipation (f; CAN; HHB); Cystosis (f; MAD); Dermatosis (f; JFM; PHR; PH2); Diabetes (1; JFM); Dropsy (f; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; MAD); Exanthema (f; MAD); Fever (f; CAN; JFM; PNC); Fracture (f; MAD); Fungus (1; PHR); Gonorrhea (f; MAD); Gout (1; CAN; HHB; PNC); Hepatosis (f; MAD); High Blood Pressure (f; JFM); Infection (1; PHR); Inflammation (f; CAN; PNC); Itch (f; MAD); Lumbago (f; MAD); Mycosis (1; PHR); Ophthalmia (f; JFM); Pain (f; JFM; PNC); Pharyngosis (f; MAD); Pleurosis (f; MAD); Psoriasis (f; MAD); Respirosis (f; PHR; PH2); Rheumatism (2; CAN; KOM; PH2; PNC); Scabies (f; MAD); Scrofula (f; MAD); Splenosis (f; MAD); Stiffness (f; JFM); Syphilis (f; MAD; PHR; PH2); Tonsilosis (f; HHB); Tuberculosis (f; MAD); Water Retention (f; CAN; MAD).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). None known (KOM). CAN caution that the lignans are allergenic and may cause dermatosis. Recommended that people with allergy, hypersensitive or acute inflammatory conditions avoid it. Avoid use when pregnant or lactating (CAN). High doses may cause colic, diarrhea, and other GI complaints (PHR). Resin LD50 = >5000 mg/kg orl rat.

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). None known (KOM). CAN caution that the lignans are allergenic and may cause dermatosis. Recommended that people with allergy, hypersensitive or acute inflammatory conditions avoid it. Avoid use when pregnant or lactating (CAN). High doses may cause colic, diarrhea, and other GI complaints (PHR). Resin LD50 = >5000 mg/kg orl rat.

Synonyms: Cyamopsis psoraloides (Lam.) DC., Dolichos psoraloides Lam., Psoralea tetragonoloba L.

Actions: Aperitif (f; KAB); Flatugenic (f; KAB); Hypocholesterolemic (1; SHT); Hypoglycemic (1; PH2); Laxative (f; AHP); Lipolytic (1; PH2).

Indications: Alactea (f; PH2); Anorexia (f; KAB; PH2); Atherosclerosis (1; SHT); Biliousness (f; KAB; LEG); Boil (f; LEG); Cardiopathy (1; TV); Constipation (1; AHP; PH2; SHT); Diabetes (f; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Fracture (f; LEG); Glucosuria (1; PH2); High Cholesterol (1; SHT); Hyperglycemia (f; PH2); Nyctalopia (f; PH2); Plague (f; LEG); Swelling (f; LEG); Ulcer (1; X11113992).

Dosage: Class 2d. Take with 250 ml (8 oz) water (AHP); early on may cause diarrhea, gas, or nausea (AHP). No health risks known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages (PH2). Bulking agents should not be taken by those with stenotic lesions of the GI tract. May lead to bowel obstruction if fluid intake is inadequate. Do not take bulking agents when laying down or at bedtime. Do not use with antiperistaltics (such as, for example, loperamide) (SHT).

Contraindications: Class 2d. Take with 250 ml (8 oz) water (AHP); early on may cause diarrhea, gas, or nausea (AHP). No health risks known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages (PH2). Bulking agents should not be taken by those with stenotic lesions of the GI tract. May lead to bowel obstruction if fluid intake is inadequate. Do not take bulking agents when laying down or at bedtime. Do not use with antiperistaltics (such as, for example, loperamide) (SHT).

Synonyms:

Actions: Analgesic (f; DAV); Anorectic (1; APA); Antiaggregant (1; APA; HH2; PHR; PH2); Antiinflammatory (1; APA); Aphrodisiac (f; APA; CRC; DAV); Astringent (1; CRC; HHB; SKY); Bitter (1; CRC); Bronchorelaxant (1; PHR); Cardiotonic (1; PHR; PH2); Cariogenic (1; APA); Catabolic (f; SKY); Catecholaminogenic (1; PH2); CNS Stimulant (1; PH2; SKY); Cyanogenic (1; HH2); Diuretic (1; APA; CRC; SKY); Gastrostimulant (f; PHR; PH2); Genotoxic (1; APA); Immunostimulant (1; HH2); Mutagenic (1; APA); Myorelaxant (1; PHR); Narcotic (f; CRC); Nervine (1; CRC); Positive Chronotropic (1; PHR; PH2); Positive Inotropic (1; PHR; PH2); Resorptive (1; HHB); Stimulant (1; APA; CRC; PHR); Thermogenic (1; FNF); Tonic (1; CRC; PHR).

Indications: Cardiopathy (f; DAV); Diarrhea (1; APA; CRC; SKY); Dysentery (f; DAV); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; CRC; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Enterosis (1; APA); Fatigue (f; CRC; SKY; PH2); Fever (f; APA); Gastrosis (f; HHB); Hangover (f; CRC); Headache (1; APA; CRC; PH2); Heart (f; CRC); Hunger (f; CRC; PH2); Immunodepression (1; HH2); Inflammation (1; APA); Malaria (f; APA); Migraine (1; APA; CRC; DAV); Neuralgia (f; CRC; DAV); Obesity (1; APA; SKY); Pain (f; APA; DAV); Rheumatism (1; APA; CRC); Stress (f; APA); Thirst (f; PH2); Water Retention (1; APA; CRC; PH2; SKY).

Dosage: Class 2d. CNS-stimulant. Not recommended for excess or prolonged use (AHP seems to say this about most caffeine-containing plants) (AHP). Lininger et al. (1998) don’t say this about all the caffeine containing herbs as they do about guarana, “Caffeine may have adverse effects on the blood vessels and other body systems as well as on a developing fetus and presumably guaranine would have similar effects. As with any caffeinated product, guarana may cause insomnia, trembling, anxiety, palpitations, urinary frequency, and hyperactivity” (SKY). Should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation.Symptoms of long-term use can include decreased fertility, cardiopathy, and several forms of cancer, according to epidemiological studies of caffeine use” (SKY). Seems to me they should, to be fair, have said this under green tea as well. “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Extracts (Guarana) — Caffeine’s effects (and hence those of guaranine) are well known and include CNS stimulation, increasing metabolic rate, and mild diuresis (SKY). Guarana and caffeine apparently counteract scopolamine, improving rats’ ability to remember. At 0.3 mg/ml, guarana, containing only 0.0062 mg/ml caffeine, was more effective than ginseng in adaptogenic swimming tests. Mice swam statistically significantly longer than controls when forced to swim (Espinola et al., 1997). Many caffeine activities are shared, perhaps synergistically with theophylline and theobromine.

Contraindications: Class 2d. CNS-stimulant. Not recommended for excess or prolonged use (AHP seems to say this about most caffeine-containing plants) (AHP). Lininger et al. (1998) don’t say this about all the caffeine containing herbs as they do about guarana, “Caffeine may have adverse effects on the blood vessels and other body systems as well as on a developing fetus and presumably guaranine would have similar effects. As with any caffeinated product, guarana may cause insomnia, trembling, anxiety, palpitations, urinary frequency, and hyperactivity” (SKY). Should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation.Symptoms of long-term use can include decreased fertility, cardiopathy, and several forms of cancer, according to epidemiological studies of caffeine use” (SKY). Seems to me they should, to be fair, have said this under green tea as well. “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Extracts (Guarana) — Caffeine’s effects (and hence those of guaranine) are well known and include CNS stimulation, increasing metabolic rate, and mild diuresis (SKY). Guarana and caffeine apparently counteract scopolamine, improving rats’ ability to remember. At 0.3 mg/ml, guarana, containing only 0.0062 mg/ml caffeine, was more effective than ginseng in adaptogenic swimming tests. Mice swam statistically significantly longer than controls when forced to swim (Espinola et al., 1997). Many caffeine activities are shared, perhaps synergistically with theophylline and theobromine.

Synonyms: P. cujavillus Burm. f., P. pomiferum L., P. pumilum Vahl, P. pyriferum L.

Actions: Antibacterial (1; TRA; VAG); Antidiarrheic (1; TRA); Anti-HIV (1; VVG); Antimutagenic (1; TRA); Antioxidant (1; VVG); Antiseptic (1; JFM; VVG); Antispasmodic (1; TRA; 60P); Antitumor (1; VVG); Astringent (1; IED; VVG; WBB); Candidicide (1; TRA); Expectorant (f; IED); Hemostat (1; VVG); Hypoglycemic (1; TRA; VAG; VVG); Radioprotective (1; TRA); Sedative (1; TRA); Vasoconstrictor (1; VVG).

Indications: Aging (1; VVG); Bacteria (1; TRA; VAG; 60P); Bleeding (1; JFM; VVG); Boil (f; VVG); Cancer (1; TRA; VVG); Candida (1; TRA); Cardiopathy (1; VVG); Catarrh (f; IED; JFM); Cholera (f; JFM); Colic (f; JFM); Congestion (f; JFM); Conjunctivosis (f; AAB); Cough (f; VVG); Cramp (1; TRA; 60P); Dermatosis (f; IED; JFM); Diabetes (1; TRA; VVG); Diarrhea (1; AAB; TRA; VVG); Dysentery (1; AAB; JFM; VVG); Dysmenorrhea (f; DAV; 60P); Dyspepsia (f; AAB; IED; 60P); Edema (f; JFM); Enterosis (f; JFM); Fever (f; VVG; WBB); Fistula (f; JFM); Fungus (1; AAB); Gastrosis (f; JFM); Gingivosis (1; AAB); Gout (f; DAV); Hepatosis (f; 60P); High Blood Pressure (f; IED); HIV (1; VVG); Infection (f; IED; VVG); Inflammation (f; WBB); Insomnia (1; TRA); Jaundice (f; IED); Leukorrhea (f; AAB; JFM); Malaria (f; IED; VVG); Mange (f; JFM); Nausea (1; DAV; TRA); Nervousness (1; TRA); Ophthalmia (f; AAB); Parasite (f; IED); Proctosis (f; WBB); Prolapse (f; WBB); Rash (f; IED); Respirosis (f; IED); Ringworm (f; JFM); Salmonella (1; TRA); Scabies (f; VAG; ZUL); Shigella (1; TRA); Shock (f; DAV); Sore (f; AAB; IED; JFM); Sore Throat (f; AAB); Sprain (f; WBB); Staphylococcus (1; AAB; TRA); Stomachache (f; JFM); Stomatosis (f; AAB); Swelling (f; DAV; JFM); Tumor (1; VVG); Ulcer (f; AAB; JFM; WBB); Urethrosis (f; JFM); Uterosis (f; JFM); Vertigo (f; DAV; TRA); Worm (f; IED); Wound (f; AAB; VVG; WBB); Yeast (1; TRA).

Dosage: Do not use more than 30 days (TRA). Not for children or pregnant or lactating women (TRA).

Contraindications: Do not use more than 30 days (TRA). Not for children or pregnant or lactating women (TRA).

Synonyms: Balsamodendrum mukul Hook. ex Stocks, B. wightii Arn., C. mukul (Hook. ex Stocks) Engl

Actions: Alterative (f; DEP; KAB; KAP; MBB); Analgesic (1; JBU); Antiaging (f; AKT); Antiaggregant (1; KAP; KEB; PNC; SKY); Antiarthritic (1; MPI); Antiatherosclerotic (1; APA; KEB; MPI); Antiedemic (1; APA; KEB; MPI); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; KAP; KEB; PNC); Antiobesity (1; KEB); Antioxidant (1; KEB); Antiseptic (f; DEP; KAP; WOI); Antispasmodic (1; KAP; PNC); Antisuppurative (f; DEM; MPI); Antithrombic (1; KEB); Aperitif (f; DEP; KAB; KAP); Aphrodisiac (f; DEP; KAB; KAP); Astringent (f; KAP; WOI); Bitter (f; KAB; MBB); Cardioprotective (1; KEB); Carminative (f; DEP; KAB; KAP); Demulcent (f; DEP; KAB; KAP); Diaphoretic (f; MPI; WOI); Digestive (f; WOI); Diuretic (f; WOI); Ecbolic (f; MPI); Emmenagogue (f; KAP); Expectorant (f; DEP; KAB; WOI); Fibrinolytic (1; KEB); Hypocholesterolemic (1; PNC; SKY); Hypoglycemic (1; MPI); Hypolipidemic (1; PNC); Hypotriglyceridemic (1; KEB; SKY); Immunostimulant (1; WOI); Leucocytogenic (1; WOI); Lipolytic (1; AKT; APA; MBB; PNC; SKY); Mucolytic (f; AKT); Phagocytotic (1; WOI); Thyrotropic (1; AKT; APA; PNC); Uterotonic (f; WOI); Vermifuge (f; KAB).

Indications: Abscess (f; KAB); Acne (1; AKT; KEB); Adenopathy (f; AKT; KAB; MBB); Amenorrhea (f; KAP); Anemia (f; DEP); Angina (1; AKT); Anorexia (f; DEP; KAB; KAP); Arthrosis (1; AKT; APA; KAP; KEB; MBB; MPI); Ascites (f; KAB); Asthma (f; KAB); Atherosclerosis (1; APA; KEB; MPI; SKY); Atony (f; WOI); Bite (f; KAB); Bronchosis (f; BGB; WOI); Cancer (f; AKT; KAB; MBB); Cardiopathy (1; AKT; APA; KEB); Catarrh (f; WOI); Cramp (1; KAP; PNC); Cyst (f; AKT; MBB); Dermatosis (f; DEP; KAB); Diabetes (1; MPI); Dysmenorrhea (f; KAP); Dyspepsia (f; DEP; KAB); Dyspnea (1; AKT); Dysuria (f; DEP; KAB); Edema (1; APA; MPI); Endometriosis (f; KAP); Enterosis (f; KAB); Fever (f; MPI; WOI); Fracture (f; KAB); Fistula (f; KAB); Gas (f; DEP; KAB; KAP); Gastrosis (f; WOI); Gingivosis (f; WOI); Gleet (f; DEP); Hay Fever (f; WOI); Hemorrhoid (f; DEP; KAB); Hepatosis (f; MBB); High Blood Pressure (f; KAP); High Cholesterol (1; APA; KAP; PNC; SKY); High Triglyceride (1; APA; KEB; SKY); Hyperlipemia (1; KAP; KEB); Hysteria (f; DEP); Immunodepression (1; WOI); Impotence (f; DEP); Inflammation (1; APA; KAB; KAP; KEB; MBB; PNC); Ischemia (1; KEB); Laryngosis (f; WOI); Lassitude (f; KAP); Leprosy (f; DEP; KAP); Leukoderma (f; KAB); Menorrhagia (f; KAP); Myosis (f; KAB); Neurosis (f; DEP; KAB; KAP); Obesity (1; KEB; MBB; MPI; PNC); Odontosis (f; SKJ); Otosis (f; KAB); Pain (1; AKT; JBU; KAP); Phthisis (f; WOI); Psoriasis (f; AKT); Pulmonosis (f; KAB); Pyorrhea (f; WOI); Rheumatism (1; DEP; KAB; SKJ); Sciatica (f; DEP); Scrofula (f; KAB); Scurvy (f; DEP); Rhinosis (f; WOI); Snakebite (f; KAB); Sore (1; DEP; KAB; SKJ); Sting (f; KAB); Stone (f; KAB); Swelling (1; APA; KEB; MPI); Syphilis (f; DEP); Thrombosis (1; KEB); Water Retention (f; WOI); Worm (f; KAB).

Dosage: Class 2b. Emmenagogue and uterotonic (AHP). Anorexia, apprehension, colic, dermatosis, diarrhea, eructations, headache, hiccup, nausea, and restlessness were documented side effects of crude oleoresin or guggulipid therapy (CAN; KEB; SKY). Persons with diarrhea, hepatosis, and IBS should be cautious (SKY). A practitioner should be consulted when treating high cholesterol or triglycerides (SKY). In view of the lack of toxicological data, excessive use, especially during lactation and pregnancy, should be avoided (CAN). Extracts (Gugul) — Gugul resin lowers cholesterol and lipids in animals and humans. The oleoresin fraction was antiarthritic and antinflammtory in rats (MED = 125 mg/kg rat). Aqueous extracts are antiedemic (MPI). It inhibits platelet aggregation, causes inflammation in rats, activates the thyroid in chickens and rats, and increases catecholamine biosynthesis and activity in cholesterol-fed rabbits.

Contraindications: Class 2b. Emmenagogue and uterotonic (AHP). Anorexia, apprehension, colic, dermatosis, diarrhea, eructations, headache, hiccup, nausea, and restlessness were documented side effects of crude oleoresin or guggulipid therapy (CAN; KEB; SKY). Persons with diarrhea, hepatosis, and IBS should be cautious (SKY). A practitioner should be consulted when treating high cholesterol or triglycerides (SKY). In view of the lack of toxicological data, excessive use, especially during lactation and pregnancy, should be avoided (CAN). Extracts (Gugul) — Gugul resin lowers cholesterol and lipids in animals and humans. The oleoresin fraction was antiarthritic and antinflammtory in rats (MED = 125 mg/kg rat). Aqueous extracts are antiedemic (MPI). It inhibits platelet aggregation, causes inflammation in rats, activates the thyroid in chickens and rats, and increases catecholamine biosynthesis and activity in cholesterol-fed rabbits.