| English Name | Botanical Name | More Info |
|---|---|---|
| LEMONBALM | Melissa officinalis | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (1; JAR10:7); Antibacterial (1; APA; BGB; PH2; WAM); Anticholinesterase (1; JAD); Antiherpetic (1; APA; PNC); Antihistaminic (1; FAD); Antihormonal (1; PH2); Antiinflammatory (1; JAR10:7); Antimutagenic (1; TAD); Antioxidant (1; FAD; PH2); Antipyretic (f; PNC); Antiseptic (f; APA); Antispasmodic (1; APA; BGB; FEL; PHR; PH2; WAM); Antithyroid (1; AKT; PNC); Antiviral (1; APA; PHR; PH2; SHT; WAM); Aperitif (1; BGB); Calmative (f; APA); Cardiotonic (f; MAD); Carminative (2; KOM; PH2; PNC; WAM); Cerebrotonic (f; MAD); Cholinergic (1; BGB); CNS Depressant (f; APA); Diaphoretic (f; BGB; FEL; PNC; WAM); Fungicide (1; JBU); Gastrotonic (f; MAD); Hypnotic (f; BGB); Memorigenic (1; BGB); Myorelaxant (1; APA); Nervine (1; WAM); Sedative (2; HHB; KOM; PNC); Stimulant (f; FEL); Stomachic (f; BGB); Tranquilizer (1; APA); Uterotonic (f; MAD). Indications: Allergy (1; JAR10:7); Alopecia (f; MAD); Alzheimer’s (1; FNF; JAD; MAD); Angina (f; MAD); Anorexia (1; BGB); Anxiety (1; APA; BGB; WAM); Asthma (f; MAD); Atherosclerosis (f; MAD); Bacteria (1; APA; BGB; PH2; WAM); Bite (f; MAD); Bronchosis (f; PHR; PH2); Bruise (f; MAD); Bug Bite (f; FAD; MAD); Cancer (1; JLH; MAD; TAD); Cancer, gum (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH); Cancer, throat (f; JLH); Cardiopathy (f; APA); Catarrh (f; PHR; PH2); CFS (f; WAF); Chlorosis (f; MAD); Cold (1; FAD); Cold Sore (2; APA; WAF); Colic (f; MAD); Cramp (1; APA; BGB; FEL; MAD; PHR; PH2; WAM); Cystosis (f; JAR10:7); Debility (f; PH2); Depression (f; BGB; MAD); Dermatosis (1; JAR10:7); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; FAD; FEL; PH2); Dyspepsia (2; APA; BGB; SKY); Dystonia (1; PNC); Earache (f; MAD); Eczema (1; JAR10:7); Enterosis (2; KOM; MAD; PH2); Fever (1; BGB; FEL; PNC; WAM); Flu (1; WAF); Fungus (1; JBU); Gas (2; APA; KOM; MAD; PHR; PH2; WAM); Gastrosis (2; KOM; MAD; PH2); Gastrospasm (2; SHT); Gingivosis (f; MAD); Graves’ Disease (1; PNC; SKY); Gray Hair (f; MAD); Headache (1; APA; MAD; PH2; PNC); Hepatosis (f; MAD); Herpes (1; APA; BGB; PNC; WAM); High Blood Pressure (f; PHR; PH2); Hyperthyroid (1; FNF; PNC); Hyperventilation (f; JAR10:7); Hypochondria (f; MAD); Hysteria (f; MAD; PHR; PH2); Infection (1; JBU); Inflammation (1; JAR10:7); Insomnia (2; APA; HHB; KOM; PH2; PNC; SHT); Melancholy (f; PHR; PH2); Migraine (f; MAD; PHR; PH2); Mumps (1; FAD); Mycosis (1; JBU); Nausea (f; PHR; WAF); Nervousness (2; APA; HHB; KOM; PHR; PH2; PNC; WAM); Neuralgia (1; PH2; SKY); Neurasthenia (f; MAD); Ophthalmia (f; MAD); Otosis (1; WAF); Pain (1; JAR10:7; MAD; PH2); Palpitation (1; APA; PHR; PH2; PNC); Respirosis (1; JAR10:7; WAM); Restlessness (1; PNC); Rheumatism (f; MAD;PH2); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Shingles (1; WAF); Shock (1; JAR10:7); Snakebite (f; MAD); Sore (1; WAM); Sore Throat (1; WAF); Splenosis (f; MAD); Sting (f; BGB; MAD); Stress (1; WAF); Swelling (f; MAD); Syncope (f; MAD); Toothache (f; MAD); Tumor (1; PNC); Vertigo (f; PH2); Virus (1; APA; JAR10:7 PHR; PH2; SHT; WAM); Vomiting (f; PH2); Wound (f; APA; BGB). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). None known (KOM; PHR; WAM). Safer than coffee in my book and in AHP’s book as well. People with glaucoma should avoid the EO, citral may raise ocular eye pressure (JAR10:7; SKY). At high doses (185 mg/kg/day/3 months, citral may produce benign prostatic hyperplasia (JAR10:7). APA advises patients with Graves disease to avoid the herb, while PHR indicates some potential for utility. Most of my readings suggest its use in Graves disease. Extracts (Lemonbalm) — Hot water extracts have antiviral properties. Creams containing extracts proven effective for cutaneous lesions of the Herpes simplex virus (antiviral activity confirmed in vitro and via clinical trials). Aqueous extracts inhibit cell division of tumor cells; tannin-free extracts inhibit protein synthesis in cell-free systems of rat liver (PNC). “Spirits of Melissa†demonstrated effective in psychiatric disorders (dystonia, headache, hyperexcitability, palpitation, restlessness) (PNC). Recent British studies indicate that extracts inhibit breakdown of acetylcholine in human brain cell cultures (Perry et al.). Constituents block attachment to thyroid cells of the antibodies that cause Graves disease; the brain’s signal to the thyroid (TSH) is blocked from further overstimulating the thyroid (SKY). Whole EO is more spasmolytic than isolated ingredients; neral and geranial is more spasmolytic than beta-caryophyllene or citronellal. EO is sedative in mice at 1 mg/kg, more so than at 3 mg/kg. Sedative effects kick in after 30–60 minutes and endure about an hour (JAR10:7). Citronellol, beta-caryophyllene, and citronellal are active against Candida, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus (JAR10:7). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). None known (KOM; PHR; WAM). Safer than coffee in my book and in AHP’s book as well. People with glaucoma should avoid the EO, citral may raise ocular eye pressure (JAR10:7; SKY). At high doses (185 mg/kg/day/3 months, citral may produce benign prostatic hyperplasia (JAR10:7). APA advises patients with Graves disease to avoid the herb, while PHR indicates some potential for utility. Most of my readings suggest its use in Graves disease. Extracts (Lemonbalm) — Hot water extracts have antiviral properties. Creams containing extracts proven effective for cutaneous lesions of the Herpes simplex virus (antiviral activity confirmed in vitro and via clinical trials). Aqueous extracts inhibit cell division of tumor cells; tannin-free extracts inhibit protein synthesis in cell-free systems of rat liver (PNC). “Spirits of Melissa†demonstrated effective in psychiatric disorders (dystonia, headache, hyperexcitability, palpitation, restlessness) (PNC). Recent British studies indicate that extracts inhibit breakdown of acetylcholine in human brain cell cultures (Perry et al.). Constituents block attachment to thyroid cells of the antibodies that cause Graves disease; the brain’s signal to the thyroid (TSH) is blocked from further overstimulating the thyroid (SKY). Whole EO is more spasmolytic than isolated ingredients; neral and geranial is more spasmolytic than beta-caryophyllene or citronellal. EO is sedative in mice at 1 mg/kg, more so than at 3 mg/kg. Sedative effects kick in after 30–60 minutes and endure about an hour (JAR10:7). Citronellol, beta-caryophyllene, and citronellal are active against Candida, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus (JAR10:7). |
||
| LEMON BUSH | Lippia javanica | |
|
Synonyms: Verbena javanica Actions: Analgesic (f; VVG); Antiaggregant (1; ZUL); Antihistaminic (f; ZUL); Antiseptic (f; WBB; ZUL); Crocodile Repellent (f; ZUL); Decongestant (f; VVG); Hemostat (f; WBB); Icterogenic (f; ZUL); Insectifuge (1; VAG); Phototoxic (f; ZUL); Vermifuge (f; ZUL). Indications: Anthrax (f; WBB; ZUL); Arthrosis (f; ZIM; ZUL); Asthma (f; ZIM; ZUL); Backache (f; ZIM; ZUL); Bleeding (f; WBB); Bronchosis (f; VVG; WBB; ZUL); Cataract (f; ZIM; ZUL); Cold (f; VVG; WBB; ZUL); Congestion (f; VVG); Convulsion (f; ZIM; ZUL); Cough (f; VVG; WBB; ZUL); Dermatosis (f; WBB; ZUL); Dysentery (f; WBB); Dyspnea (f; ZIM); Interalgia (f; ZIM); Epistaxis (f; ZIM); Fever (f; VVG; WBB; ZUL); Flu (f; VVG; WBB); Gangrene (f; WBB); Gastrosis (f; VVG); Headache (f; VVG; ZIM; ZUL); Insanity (f; ZIM); Itch (f; WBB); Lice (f; VVG); Malaria (f; VVG; WBB); Marasmus (f; ZIM; ZUL); Measles (f; VVG; WBB; ZIM); Night Blindness (f; ZIM); Ophthalmia (f; ZUL); Pain (f; VVG); Proctosis (f; WBB; ZUL); Pneumonia (f; ZIM); Pulmonosis (f; WBB; ZUL); Rash (f; WBB; ZUL); Respirosis (f; WBB; ZUL); Rhinosis (f; WBB); Scabies (f; ZIM; ZUL); Sprain (f; ZUL); Stomachache (f; ZIM); Worm (f; ZUL). Dosage: One report of gangrene caused by a poultice of the leaves (ZUL). Ingestion may cause photodermatosis in cattle. No confirmation of the plant’s toxicity (WBB). EO contains caryophyllene, p-cymene, ipsdienone, linalool, and myrcene. Contraindications: One report of gangrene caused by a poultice of the leaves (ZUL). Ingestion may cause photodermatosis in cattle. No confirmation of the plant’s toxicity (WBB). EO contains caryophyllene, p-cymene, ipsdienone, linalool, and myrcene. |
||
| LEMONGRASS | Cymbopogon citratus | |
|
Synonyms: Andropogon citratus Actions: Abortifacient (f; JFM); Analgesic (1; APA; JBU; PH2; TRA); Antibacterial (1; JBU; MPG); Antifilaric (1; TRA); Antimutagenic (1; MPG); Antioxidant (1; TRA); Antipyretic (1; AAB; PH2; TRA); Antiseptic (1; APA; DAA; MPG; TRA); Antispasmodic (1; AAB; MPI; TRA); Anxiolytic (1; MPG); Ascaricide (1; MPG); Astringent (1; PH2); Candidicide (1; AAB); Carminative (f; MPG; MPI); CNS Depressant (1; TRA); Contraceptive (f; DAV); Decongestant (2; TRA); Dentifrice (f; MPG); Depurative (f; MPG); Diaphoretic (f; AAB; JFM; MPG; MPI); Digestive (f; DAV); Diuretic (1; PH2; WBB); Emmenagogue (1; AHP; IHB); Expectorant (2; AAB; MPG; TRA); Fungicide (1; AAB); Glutathionigenic (1; TRA); Hypotensive (1; APA; PH2; TRA); Insecticide (1; TRA); Insectifuge (f; MPG); Insulinomimetic (1; HHB); Sedative (1; CRC; MPG; PH2; TRA); Stimulant (f; MPI; SKJ); Stomachic (f; JFM); Tonic (f; MPG); Uterotonic (1; AHP); Vermifuge (1; MPG). Indications: Acid Indigestion (f; DAV); Anxiety (1; MPG); Ascaris (1; MPG); Backache (f; AAB); Bacteria (1; AAB; JBU; MPG; PH2); Bronchosis (1; PH2; TRA); Bruise (f; MPG); Cancer (1; MPG; JNU); Candida (1; AAB); Catarrh (f; MPG); Cholera (f; MPI; SKJ); Cold (1; AAB; TRA); Colic (f; JFM); Congestion (2; TRA); Cough (f; APA; MPG; TRA); Cramp (1; AAB; APA; MPG; MPI; TRA); Dermatosis (f; APA); Diabetes (f; HHB); Diarrhea (f; APA); Dysmenorrhea (f; DAV); Dyspepsia (f; APA; IED; MPG); Dysuria (f; JFM); Enterosis (f; APA; DAV; MPG; PH2); Fatigue (f; KOM); Fever (1; AAB; APA; DAV; IED; JFM; MPG; MPI; PH2; TRA); Flu (f; APA; MPG; TRA); Fungus (1; AAB); Gas (f; APA; MPG; MIP; PH2; TRA); Gastrosis (f; AAB; APA; DAV; MPG; PH2); Gingivosis (f; JFM); Headache (f; AAB; SKJ; WBB); High Cholesterol (2; MPG); High Blood Pressure (1; APA; MPG; PH2; TRA); Infection (1; AAB; DAA; JBU); Insomnia (1; APA; CRC; MPG; PH2; TRA); Leprosy (1; PH2; WBB); Lumbago (f; PH2); Malaria (f; JFM; SKJ); Myalgia (1; AAB; KOM); Mycosis (1; AAB); Nervousness (1; CRC; MPG; PH2; TRA); Neuralgia (f; KOM; MPG; PH2); Pain (1; AAB; APA; JBU; PH2; TRA); Parasite (f; PH2); Pneumonia (f; JFM); Pulmonosis (f; MPG); Pyorrhea (f; JFM); Rheumatism (f; APA; PH2); Ringworm (f; APA); Stomachache (f; DAA; DAV; MPG; TRA); Toothache (f; WBB); Tuberculosis (f; JFM); UTI (f; MPG); Water Retention (1; PH2; WBB); Worm (1; MPG); Wound (f; MPG); Yeast (1; AAB). Dosage: Class 2b. Very safe (AHP; JAD). Emmenagogue and uterotonic (AHP). TRAMIL suggest that grass teas be strained to remove fibers that may damage the stomach (TRA). Commission E reports herb and EO not permitted for therapeutic use. Allergic contact dermatosis occurs rarely (AEH). Citronella oil indicated in accidental poisoning of 21-month-old child. Volunteer testing revealed no toxic effects from lemongrass tea prepared from 4 g of plant, administered in a single dose or 2 weeks of daily oral doses. Higher amounts caused upset stomach (10 g) and diarrhea (4 g for 14 days) in volunteers. Polyuria was also reported by some volunteers (AEH). JNU mentions that the geraniol in basil and lemongrass appears to fight cancer. But if I score these two herbs 1 for cancer, then I should score those herbs richer in geraniol. Contraindications: Class 2b. Very safe (AHP; JAD). Emmenagogue and uterotonic (AHP). TRAMIL suggest that grass teas be strained to remove fibers that may damage the stomach (TRA). Commission E reports herb and EO not permitted for therapeutic use. Allergic contact dermatosis occurs rarely (AEH). Citronella oil indicated in accidental poisoning of 21-month-old child. Volunteer testing revealed no toxic effects from lemongrass tea prepared from 4 g of plant, administered in a single dose or 2 weeks of daily oral doses. Higher amounts caused upset stomach (10 g) and diarrhea (4 g for 14 days) in volunteers. Polyuria was also reported by some volunteers (AEH). JNU mentions that the geraniol in basil and lemongrass appears to fight cancer. But if I score these two herbs 1 for cancer, then I should score those herbs richer in geraniol. |
||
| LEMON VERBENA | Aloysia citrodora | |
|
Synonyms: Aloysia triphylla (L’Her.) Britton, Lippia citrodora Kunth, L. triphylla (L’Her.) Kuntze, Verbena triphylla L’Her., Zappania citrodora Lam. Actions: Acaricide (1; CRC); Analgesic (1; JBU); Antibacterial (1; CRC); Antipyretic (f; PHR; PH2); Antiseptic (1; CRC); Antispasmodic (f; CRC; JFM; PHR; PH2); Aphicide (1; CRC); Carminative (f; SKJ; WO2); Diaphoretic (f; JFM); Digestive (f; CRC; EFS; HHB); Expectorant (f; CRC); Laxative (f; WO2; WBB); Nervine (f; CRC; EFS; SKJ); Pectoral (f; CRC; EFS; JFM); Sedative (f; CRC; PH2); Stimulant (f; CRC); Stomachic (f; CRC; EFS; WBB); Tranquilizer (f; CRC). Indications: Agitation (f; PHR; PH2); Asthma (f; JFM); Bacteria (1; CRC; WBB); Bite (f; JFM); Chill (f; PHR; PH2); Cold (f; JFM); Colic (f; JFM); Constipation (f; PHR; PH2; WO2; WBB); Cramp (f; CRC; JFM; PHR; PH2); Dermatosis (f; PHR; PH2); Diarrhea (f; CRC); Dyspepsia (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Dyspnea (f; WO2); Fever (f; CRC; JFM; PHR; PH2); Gas (f; JFM; SKJ; WO2); Hemorrhoid (f; PHR; PH2); Insomnia (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Nervousness (f; CRC; PH2); Pain (1; JBU); Rabies (f; CRC); Sore Throat (f; JFM); Spasm (f; CRC); Staphylococcus (1; WBB); Ticks (1; CRC); Tuberculosis (1; CRC); Varicosis (f; PHR; PH2). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). “Terpene-rich volatile oils are generally regarded as irritant and may cause kidney irritation during excretion.†(CAN) Hence, patients with renal problems should avoid it. Excessive doses are best avoided during pregnancy and lactation (CAN). Contains glycosides of the relaxant sedative COX-2 inhibitor apigenin (FNF; TRA). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). “Terpene-rich volatile oils are generally regarded as irritant and may cause kidney irritation during excretion.†(CAN) Hence, patients with renal problems should avoid it. Excessive doses are best avoided during pregnancy and lactation (CAN). Contains glycosides of the relaxant sedative COX-2 inhibitor apigenin (FNF; TRA). |
||
| LEMON WOOD | Schisandra sphenanthera | |
|
Synonyms: S. chinensis var. rubriflora Franch. Actions: Indications: Amnesia (f; PH2); Anxiety (f; PH2); Cough (f; PH2); Dyspnea (f; PH2); Enuresis (f; PH2); Insomnia (f; PH2); Night Sweats (f; PH2); Pulmonosis (f; PH2); Thirst (f; PH2); Xerostoma (f; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). |
||
| LESSER GALANGAL | Alpinia officinarum | |
|
Synonyms: Languas officinarum Actions: Antibacterial (1; KOM; PH2); Antidiuretic (f; DEP); Antiinflammatory (2; KOM; PH2); Antiperiodic (f; EFS); Antiprostaglandin (2; KOM); Antispasmodic (2; KOM; PH2); Antitumor (1; PNC); Antiulcer (1; PNC); Aperitif (f; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; DEP); Carminative (f; EFS; PNC); Emmenagogue (f; MAD); Nervine (f; DEP); Sialagogue (f; EFS); Stimulant (1; EFS; MAD; MPI; PNC); Stomachic (f; EFS; MAD; MPI); Tonic (f; DEP; EFS). Indications: Adenopathy (f; HHB; MAD); Ague (f; DAA); Amenorrhea (f; MAD); Anemia (f; MAD); Anorexia (2; DAA; KOM; MAD; PH2); Bacteria (1; KOM; PH2); Bronchosis (2; PHR; PH2); Cancer (1; JLH; PNC); Cancer, bladder (f; JLH); Cancer, penis (f; JLH); Catarrh (f; GMH); Cholecystosis (2; MAD; PHR; PH2); Cholera (f; DAA); Cold (2; PHR; PH2); Colic (f; PHR); Cramp (2; KOM; PH2); Diarrhea (f; DAA; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; DAA; HHB; MAD); Dyspepsia (2; DAA; GMH; KOM; PH2); Enterosis (f; DAA; PH2); Fever (2; DAA; GMH; PHR; PH2); Freckle (f; DEP); Gas (f; EFS; MAD; PNC); Gastrosis (f; GMH); Halitosis (f; DEP); Hepatosis (2; DAA; PHR; PH2); Hypochondria (f; DAA); Infection (f; PH2); Inflammation (2; KOM; PHR; PH2); Malaria (f; EFS); Pain (f; PH2); Pharyngosis (2; PHR; PH2); Polyuria (f; DEP); Pulmonosis (f; MAD); Rheumatism (f; MAD); Roemheld Syndrome (f; PH2); Seasickness (f; DAA; GMH; MAD); Sore Throat (f; DEP); Stomachache (f; DAA; MAD; PH2); Stomatosis (2; PHR; PH2); Stone (f; MAD); Swelling (f; HHB); Syncope (f; DAA; HHB); Toothache (f; DAA); Tumor (1; PNC); Ulcer (1; PNC); Vertigo (f; HHB); Vomiting (f; GMH). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). None reported (KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). None reported (KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). |
||
| LESSER PERIWINKLE | Vinca minor | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Anesthetic (1; HH2; WBB); Antialzheimeran (1; FNF); Antibacterial (f; CRC); Anticholinesterase (1; HH2); Antidementic (1; FNF); Antilactagogue (f; BRU; CRC); Antiscorbutic (f; WBB); Antispasmodic (1; CRC; PH2; WOI); Astringent (f; APA; BRU; CRC; WBB); Bitter (f; KOM; PH2); Bradycardic (1; WBB); Carminative (f; CRC; WBB); Cerebroprotective (f; APA); CNS Depressant (1; WBB); Collyrium (f; CRC); Cytotoxic (1; HH2); Depurative (f; CRC; KOM; WBB; WOI); Diuretic (f; CRC; KOM; WOI); Emetic (f; WOI); Emmenagogue (f; CRC); Hemostat (f; APA; KOM; WOI); Hypoglycemic (1; HH2; PH2); Hypotensive (1; APA; CRC; PH2); Immunodepressant (1; APA); Immunostimulant (1; APA; HH2); Lactagogue (f; CRC); Laxative (f; CRC; GMH); Leukocytopenogenic (1; KOM); Memorigenic (1; APA; BRU; FNF; PH2); Negative Chronotropic (1; PH2); Parasympatholytic (1; HH2); Peristaltic (1; WBB); Phagocytotic (1; HH2); Philtre (f; CRC); Sedative (1; CRC; KOM); Sympatholytic (1; PH2); Tonic (f; CRC; WOI); Vermifuge (f; CRC; WOI); Vulnerary (f; BRU; KOM). Indications: Abscess (f; PH2); ADHD (1; BRU); Alzheimer’s (1; BRU; FNF); Angina (f; KOM); Bacteria (f; CRC); Bleeding (f; APA; CRC; HH2; KOM; PH2; WOI); Brain (f; PHR); Bruise (f; PH2); Cancer (1; CRC); Cancer, uvula (f; CRC; JLH); Catarrh (f; CRC; HH2; KOM; MAD); Chlorosis (f; MAD); Circulosis (f; PH2); Congestion (f; GMH); Constipation (f; CRC; GMH); Cramp (1; CRC; GMH; PH2; WOI); Cystosis (f; PH2); Debility (f; KOM); Dementia (1; BRU; FNF); Dermatosis (f; BRU; CRC; MAD); Diabetes (1; PH2); Diarrhea (f; CRC; HH2; KOM; MAD; PH2; WBB); Dizziness (f; APA); Dropsy (f; KOM); Dysentery (f; CRC; WBB); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; MAD); Eczema (f; CRC; HH2; PH2); Encephalosis (f; PHR); Enterosis (f; APA; HH2; MAD; PH2); Epistaxis (f; CRC; GMH; HH2; PH2); Fever (f; MAD); Fit (f; CRC); Gas (f; MAD); Gastrosis (f; HH2; PH2); Headache (f; APA; CRC); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC; GMH); Hepatosis (f; MAD); High Blood Pressure (2; APA; CRC; PH2; WOI); Hyperglycemia (1; HH2; PH2); Hysteria (f; CRC; GMH); Immunodepression (1; APA; HH2); Inflammation (f; APA; GMH; KOM); Insomnia (1; CRC; KOM); Menorrhagia (f; CRC); Migraine (f; CRC); Mucososis (f; PH2); Nephrosis (f; MAD); Nervousness (1; CRC; KOM); Neurosis (f; APA; CRC); Nightmare (f; . GMH); Ophthalmia (f; WOI); Pain (1; HH2; WBB); Pharyngosis (f; KOM); Phthisis (f; WBB; WOI); Seborrhea (f; WOI); Senility (1; APA;PH2); Sore (f; MAD); Sore Throat (f; APA; MAD; PH2); Stroke (1; APA); Tinnitus (1; BRU); Tonsilosis (f; KOM); Toothache (f; KOM; MAD); Trichomoniasis (f; CRC); Tuberculosis (f; MAD); Uvulosis (f; JLH); Vaginosis (f; CRC; KOM); Vertigo (1; BRU); Water Retention (1; MAD); Weakness (f; KOM); Worm (f; CRC; WOI); Wound (f; APA). Dosage: Class 2d. Contraindicated in constipation and hypotension (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Commission E reports hematological changes (e.g., leucocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, reduced globulin levels) have been observed in animals (AEH). Little cited as allergic or toxic (CRC). PH2 reports skin flushing and GI disturbances. Overdose may seriously lower blood pressure (PH2). LD50 “drug†1400 mg/kg ipr mouse (HH2), LD50 “mixed alkaloids†76 mg/kg ipr mouse (HH2), LD50 “mixed alkaloids†24 mg/kg ivn mouse (HH2), LD50 “mixed alkaloids†500 mg/kg orl mouse (HH2). Contraindications: Class 2d. Contraindicated in constipation and hypotension (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Commission E reports hematological changes (e.g., leucocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, reduced globulin levels) have been observed in animals (AEH). Little cited as allergic or toxic (CRC). PH2 reports skin flushing and GI disturbances. Overdose may seriously lower blood pressure (PH2). LD50 “drug†1400 mg/kg ipr mouse (HH2), LD50 “mixed alkaloids†76 mg/kg ipr mouse (HH2), LD50 “mixed alkaloids†24 mg/kg ivn mouse (HH2), LD50 “mixed alkaloids†500 mg/kg orl mouse (HH2). |
||
| LEVANT COTTON | Gossypium herbaceum | |
|
Synonyms: Gossypium transvaalense Actions: Abortifacient (1; CRC; FNF; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; PH2); Astringent (f; CRC); Contraceptive (1; CRC; PH2); Cytostat (1; PH2); Diuretic (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (1; AHP; CRC; PH2); Emollient (f; CRC); Hemostat (f; CRC; MAD); Hypercholesterolemic (1; PH2); Hypertriglyceridemic (f; PH2); Hypocholesterolemic (f; PH2); Lactagogue (f; CRC); Oxytocic (f; CRC; PH2); Uterotonic (1; AHP); Vasoconstrictor (f; CRC). Indications: Adenopathy (f; JLH); Amenorrhea (1; MAD; PH2); Anemia (f; MAD); Asthma (f; CRC; MAD); Bite (f; PH2); Bleeding (f; CRC; MAD; PH2); Bronchosis (f; CRC); Burn (f; JLH); Cancer (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, nose (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Childbirth (f; HHB; PH2); Climacteric (f; PH2); Cold (f; JFM); Constipation (f; PH2); Corn (f; JLH); Cough (f; MAD; PH2); Cramp (f; JFM); Cystosis (f; PH2); Debility (f; MAD); Diarrhea (f; CRC; PH2); Dysentery (f; CRC; JFM; PH2); Dyslactea (f; JFM; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (1; MAD; PH2); Dysuria (f; JFM); Earache (f; JFM); Enterosis (f; JFM); Epilepsy (f; PH2); Fever (f; HHB; JFM; MAD); Fibroid (1; CRC; JLH); Gonorrhea (f; PH2); Headache (f; CRC; PH2); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC; JFM); High Blood Pressure (f; JFM); High Cholesterol (f; PH2); Hypochondria (f; CRC); Infertility (f; MAD); Inflammation (f; JFM; PH2); Laryngosis (f; JFM); Menorrhagia (f; PH2); Metrorrhagia (f; PH2); Morning Sickness (f; MAD; PH2); Nausea (f; PH2); Neurosis (f; PH2); Pain (f; JFM; PH2); Polyp (f; CRC; FNF); Pulmonosis (f; JFM; MAD); Rheumatism (f; JFM); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Snakebite (f; PH2); Tumor (1; CRC; FNF); Urethrosis (f; PH2); Uterosis (f; CRC; FNF); UTI (f; JFM); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; CRC). Dosage: Class 2b (AHP). Contraindicated in urogenital irritation or tendency to inflammation; may sterilize men (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Drug toxic due to gossypol. Animals fed seed press cakes 3–4 weeks showed enterosis, gastrosis, hematuria, jaundice, nephritis, and ophthalmic disorders (PH2). Contraindications: Class 2b (AHP). Contraindicated in urogenital irritation or tendency to inflammation; may sterilize men (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Drug toxic due to gossypol. Animals fed seed press cakes 3–4 weeks showed enterosis, gastrosis, hematuria, jaundice, nephritis, and ophthalmic disorders (PH2). |
||
| LEVANT WORMSEED | Artemisia cina | |
|
Synonyms: Seriphidium cinum Actions: Antipyretic (1; PH2); Ascaricide (1; PH2); Oxyuricide (1; PH2); Parasiticide (1; PH2); Vermifuge (1; PH2). Indications: Ascaris (1; PH2); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Convulsion (f; PH2); Fever (1; PH2); Induration (f; JLH); Parasite (1; PH2); Splenosis (f; JLH); Worm (1; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). 10 g can cause deadly poisoning. Intoxication can occur even with therapeutic dose, with epileptic convulsions, gastroenterosis, kidney irritation, muscle twitch, stupor, visual disorders (e.g., xanthopsia as with thujone). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). 10 g can cause deadly poisoning. Intoxication can occur even with therapeutic dose, with epileptic convulsions, gastroenterosis, kidney irritation, muscle twitch, stupor, visual disorders (e.g., xanthopsia as with thujone). |
||
| LICORICE | Glycyrrhiza glabra | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Adrenal Stimulant (1; CAN); Aldose-Reductase Inhibitor (1; CAN; MAB; PH2); Alexeteric (f; CRC; DAA; KAB; WBB); Alterative (f; CRC; DAA; KAB); Amebicide (1; FAY); Analgesic (1; KAB; KAP; MBB); Antacid (1; FAD); Antiaggregant (1; CAN; FAY; MAB; PH2); Antiallergic (1; FAD; WHO); Antiangiogenic (1; PH2); Antiasthmatic (1; SKY; WHO); Antibacterial (1; CAN; DAA; FAD; VVG); Anticariogenic (1; MAB); Anticomplementary (1; MAB); Anticonvulsant (1; FAD); Antidepressant (1; MAB); Antidiuretic (1; MPI); Antidote (1; MAB); Antierythemic (1; CAN); Antiencephalitic (1; MAB); Antiestrogenic (1; CAN); Antiexudative (1; MPI); Antihepatosis (1; PH2); Antiinflammatory (1; DAA; PH2; SHT; WAM; VVG); Antiherpetic (1; APA; MAB); Antihistaminic (1; MAB); Antimelanogenic (1; TAD); Antimutagenic (1; AKT; MAB; TAD); Antioxidant (1; FNF; SKY); Antipyretic (f; CRC); Antiseptic (1; MAB); Antispasmodic (1; CAN; KOM; VVG); Antithrombic (f; PH2); Antitumor (1; MAB); Antitussive (2; BGB; DAA; FAD; SKY); Antiulcer (2; PED; PH2; WHO); Antiviral (1; PHR; PH2; WAM; VVG); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB; PED); Bitter (f; KAB); Candidicide (1; APA; PH2); Chemopreventive (1; MAB); Choleretic (1; MAB; PH2); Collyrium (f; WBB); Contraceptive (f; WHO); COX-2 Inhibitor (COX; FNF); Cyclo-oxygenase Inhibitor (1; PH2); Decongestant (1; APA); Demulcent (1; APA; DAA; KAB; SUW; WAM; WHO); Deodorant (f; CRC); Depurative (f; CRC; DAA; KAB); Desmutagenic (1; AKT); Detoxicant (1; AKT; FAY); Diaphoretic (f; CRC; WBB); Diuretic (f; CRC; FAY; KAB; WBB); Emmenagogue (1; FAY; HHB; KAB; PED; WHO); Emollient (f; DAA; KAB; SUW); Estrogenic (1; DAA; FAD; FAY; PED; WBB); Expectorant (1; APA; DAA; KOM; MBB; PIP; WHO); Fungicide (1; PED); Hepatoprotective (1; CAN; MAB; VVG); Hypertensive (1; MBB; PED; PH2); Immunostimulant (1; MAB; PED; PH2; VVG); Interferonigenic (1; AKT; PH2); Lactagogue (1; KAB; PED; PH2; WHO); Laxative (1; APA; DAA; HHB; PED; SUW; WHO); Lipoxygenase Inhibitor (1; PH2); MAOI (1; MAB); Mineralcorticoid (1; PED); Mucogenic (f; WHO); Mutagenic (1; MAB); Pectoral (f; CRC; KAB); Peroxidase Inhibitor (1; PH2); Phospholipase- A2 Inhibitor (1; MAB); PKC Inhibitor (1; MAB); Protisticide (1; MAB); Secretolytic (1; BGB; KOM; PIP); Sedative (f; DEP); Sialagogue (f; DEP); Tonic (f; MAB; MBB; SUW); Tyrosinase Inhibitor (1; PH2); Vulnerary (1; VVG). Indications: Abscess (f; DAA); Addison’s Disease (1; DAA; FAY; PED; WHO); Adenopathy (f; JLH); Adrenal Insufficiency (1; CAN; PNC; WHO); Allergy (1; FAD; WHO); Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Ameba (1; FAD; FAY); Anemia (f; DAA); Anorexia (f; DAA; WHO); Anxiety (1; BGB); Appendicitis (f; PH2; VVG; WBB; WHO); Arthrosis (1; COX; MAB; WHO); Asthenia (f; DAA); Asthma (1; BGB; DEP; FAD; FAY; KAB; SKY; WHO); Atherosclerosis (1; AKT); Bacteria (1; CAN; DAA; FAD; VVG); Biliousness (f; KAB); BO (f; KAB); Boil (f; DAA; MAB); BPH (1; FNF); Bronchosis (2; DEP; FAD; FAY; KAB; PHR; PH2; SKY; WHO); Bug Bite (f; VVG); Burn (f; DAA); Cancer (1; AKT; COX; DAA; FNF; HOX; MAB; TAD); Cancer, abdomen (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, bladder (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, breast (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, colon (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, gland (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, kidney (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, liver (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, neck (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, spleen (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uvula (1; FNF; JLH); Candida (1; APA; PH2); Canker Sore (SKY); Carbuncle (f; FAY; PH2); Caries (1; WHO); Cardiopathy (f; WHO); Cataract (1; CAN); Catarrh (2; DEP; KOM; PH2; PIP; WHO); CFS (1; MAB; SKY); Chickenpox (1; TAD); Cholecystosis (1; FAD); Cirrhosis (f; AKT); Cold (1; APA; CRC); Colic (f; CAN; KAB); Condyloma (f; JLH); Congestion (1; APA); Conjunctivosis (1; MAB; MPI; PH2); Constipation (1; APA; DAA; HHB; MAB; PED; PH2; SUW; WAM; WHO); Convulsion (1; FAD); Cough (2; APA; DAA; DEP; FAD; FAY; KAB; PHR; PH2; PED; SUW; VVG); Cramp (1; CAN; FAY; KOM; MAB; VVG); Cystosis (f; CRC; MAD); Cytomegalovirus (1; PH2); Depression (1; MAB); Dermatosis (f; PH2); Diabetes (1; MAB);Diarrhea (f; DAA); Diphtheria (f; WHO); Duodenosis (f; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA); Dyspepsia (1; CRC; SKY; WHO); Dyspnea (f; DAA); Dysuria (f; MAD); Earache (f; APA); Eczema (1; SKY; WAM); Encephalosis (1; MAB); Enterosis (f; KAB; MPI); Epigastrosis (1; BGB; VVG); Epilepsy (f; KAB; WHO; PH2); Fatigue (f; KAB); Fever (f; CRC; WBB); Fibromyalgia (f; SKY); Flu (1; MAB; PH2; TAD); Fungus (1; PED); Gastrosis (2; CAN; DAA; FAD; FAY; PHR; PH2); Hay Fever (1; WAM); Headache (f; PH2); Heartburn (SKY); Hemicrania (f; KAB); Hemophilia (1; BGB); Hemoptysis (f; KAB); Hemorrhoid (f; DAA; WHO; VVG); Hepatitis C (1; MAB); Hepatosis (2; APA; FAY; PHR; PH2; PNC); Herpes (1; AKT; APA; MAB; WAM); Hiccup (f; KAB); HIV (1; MAB; TAD); Hoarseness (f; DEM; DEP; FAY; HHB); Hot Flash (1; AKT); Hyperphagia (1; MAB); Hyperthyroid (f; DAA); Hysteria (f; FAY); IBD (1; WAM); Immunodepression (1; MAB; PED; PH2; VVG); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; FNF; PED); Inflammation (1; DAA; DEP; MPI; PH2; SHT; WAM; WBB; VVG); Insomnia (f; DEP); Itch (f; VVG); Kidney Stone (f; WHO); Laryngosis (f; DAA); Lichen planus (1; MAB); Low Blood Pressure (1; MBB; PED; PH2); Lupus (SLE) (1; APA); Malaria (1; DAA; MAB); Malaise (f; FAY); Melanoma (f; TAD); Mucososis (1; FAD; MAB); Mycosis (1; PED); Nausea (f; DAA; KAB); Nephrosis (1; CAN; MAD); Nervousness (f; DEP); Neuropathy (1; CAN); Ophthalmia (f; KAB); Otosis (f; KAB); Pain (1; DAA; KAB; KAP; MBB); Pemphigus (1; MPI); Pharyngosis (1; BGB; DAA); PMS (1; WAM); Pneumonia (f; MAD); Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (1; BGB; MAB); Polyp (f; JLH); Psoriasis (1; WAM); Pterygium (f; JLH); Respirosis (2; APA; DEP; KOM; PIP); Retinosis (1; CAN); Rheumatism (1; FAY; WHO); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Senility (f; DAA); Shingles (1; MAB); Snakebite (f; KAB; WHO); Sore (f; DAA; KAB); Sore Throat (1; APA; DAA; KAB; PH2; SUW; WAM; WHO); Splenosis (1; DAA; FAY; MAD; PH2); Staphylococcus (1; FAY); Sting (f; SUW); Stomatosis (f; MAB); Strangury (f; MAD); Sunburn (f; VVG); Swelling (f; DAA); Tetanus (f; WHO); Thirst (f; CRC; DAA; DEP); Thrombosis (f; PH2); Trichomonas (1; FAY); Tuberculosis (1; DAA; FAY; KAB; MAB; MAD; VVG; WBB; WHO); Tumor (1; MAB); Ulcer (2; AKT; DAA; FAY; KOM; PED; PHR; PH2; PIP; WAM; WHO); Urethrosis (f; WBB); Urogenitosis (f; DEP; HHB; SUW); UTI (1; MAB); Vaginosis (1; APA); Vertigo (f; BGB; WHO); Viral Hepatitis (f; PHR); Virus (1; PHR; PH2; WAM; VVG); Voice (f; KAB); Water Retention (f; CRC; FAY; KAB; WBB); Wound (f; KAB; PH2); Yeast (1; APA; PH2). Interpretation of Commission E by Blumenthal et al. indicates the root for catarrh of the upper respiratory and gastric/duodenal ulcers while interpretation by Gruenwald et al. indicates the root for bronchosis, cough, and gastrosis. Dosage: Class 2b, 2c, 2d. “Contraindicated in heart disease, diabetics, hypertensives, hepatoses, and nephroses†(O’Brien, 1998). Commission E reports contraindications: cholestatic liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, hypokalemia, severe renal insufficiency, and pregnancy. May potentiate thiazide diuretics, stimulant laxatives, cardiac glycosides, and cortisol (AHP; WAM). Too much (>50 g/day) can raise the blood pressure, cause sodium and water retention, and lower potassium levels too far. May result in pseudoaldosterianism. Adverse effects reported in M30: amenorrhea, cardiac arrest, congestive heart failure, headache, hyperprolactinemia, high blood pressure, hypokalemia, muscle weakness, myoglobinuria, myopathy, and paralysis (Martindale’s 30th). As prolonged use/higher doses may give mineralcorticoid adverse effects/interactions, the root should not be used for more than 4–6 weeks without consulting a physician (PH2; WAM). Use as flavoring in doses providing no more than 100 mg of glycyrrhizin per day is also allowed (AEH; KOM). Cantelli-Forti et al. (1994) note that “serious side effects related to glycyrrhizin ingestion, including headaches, edema, body weight increase, and disturbances in body-electrolyte balance were observed either after daily high LE personal consumption or in clinical use.†“Continuous consumption of licorice root extract in daily use as food or for therapeutic purposes is safer than the use of glycyrrhizin alone (or when the latter is added to man-made products (chewing gums, drinks, drugs, sweets etc.)).†I would extend that into a generality for whole herbal extracts rather than silver bullets: “Continuous consumption of whole plants or plant extracts is safer than the use of their major active ingredient alone (or purified and added to drugs).†CAN cautions that excessive ingestion can cause hyperaldosteronism. Because of estrogenic activity and reputed abortifacient activity, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (CAN; WAM). “In India, licorice has been used as a sweetener, aphrodisiac, emmenagogue, and galactagogue†(PED). Contraindications: Class 2b, 2c, 2d. “Contraindicated in heart disease, diabetics, hypertensives, hepatoses, and nephroses†(O’Brien, 1998). Commission E reports contraindications: cholestatic liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, hypokalemia, severe renal insufficiency, and pregnancy. May potentiate thiazide diuretics, stimulant laxatives, cardiac glycosides, and cortisol (AHP; WAM). Too much (>50 g/day) can raise the blood pressure, cause sodium and water retention, and lower potassium levels too far. May result in pseudoaldosterianism. Adverse effects reported in M30: amenorrhea, cardiac arrest, congestive heart failure, headache, hyperprolactinemia, high blood pressure, hypokalemia, muscle weakness, myoglobinuria, myopathy, and paralysis (Martindale’s 30th). As prolonged use/higher doses may give mineralcorticoid adverse effects/interactions, the root should not be used for more than 4–6 weeks without consulting a physician (PH2; WAM). Use as flavoring in doses providing no more than 100 mg of glycyrrhizin per day is also allowed (AEH; KOM). Cantelli-Forti et al. (1994) note that “serious side effects related to glycyrrhizin ingestion, including headaches, edema, body weight increase, and disturbances in body-electrolyte balance were observed either after daily high LE personal consumption or in clinical use.†“Continuous consumption of licorice root extract in daily use as food or for therapeutic purposes is safer than the use of glycyrrhizin alone (or when the latter is added to man-made products (chewing gums, drinks, drugs, sweets etc.)).†I would extend that into a generality for whole herbal extracts rather than silver bullets: “Continuous consumption of whole plants or plant extracts is safer than the use of their major active ingredient alone (or purified and added to drugs).†CAN cautions that excessive ingestion can cause hyperaldosteronism. Because of estrogenic activity and reputed abortifacient activity, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (CAN; WAM). “In India, licorice has been used as a sweetener, aphrodisiac, emmenagogue, and galactagogue†(PED). |
||