| English Name | Botanical Name | More Info |
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| QUINCE | Cydonia oblonga | |
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Synonyms: C. vulgaris Pers., Pyrus cydonia L. Actions: Antialcoholic (f; DAA); Astringent (1; DAA; EFS); Cardiac (f; EFS); Carminative (f; DAA); Demulcent (f; EFS; PH2); Diuretic (f; EFS); Emmenagogue (f; HHB); Expectorant (f; DAA); Hemostat (1; HHB); Pectoral (f; EFS); Tonic (f; EFS). Indications: Alcoholism (f; DAA); Amenorrhea (f; HHB); Arthrosis (f; PH2); Bleeding (1; HHB); Burn (f; HHB); Catarrh (f; PH2); Cancer (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, breast (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, cervix (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, eye (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, liver (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, spleen (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; FNF; JLH); Cervicosis (f; JLH); Chafing (f; HHB); Condyloma (f; JLH); Dermatosis (f; HHB); Diarrhea (1; PNC); Dysentery (f; DAA; EFS); Dysmenorrhea (f; DAA); Enterosis (f; PH2); Gas (f; DAA); Gastrosis (f; HHB; PH2); Headache (f; DAA); Hemoptysis (f; HHB); Hepatosis (f; JLH); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (f; PH2); Leukorrhea (f; HHB); Mastosis (f; HHB); Nipple (f; HHB); Ophthalmia (f; HHB; PH2); Pulmonosis (f; HHB); Scald (f; DAA); Sclerosis (f; DAA); Sore (f; DAA); Splenosis (f; JLH); Uterosis (f; JLH); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; EFS); Wound (f; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). |
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| RABBIT TOBACCO | Gnaphalium obtusifolium | |
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Synonyms: Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & Burtt. Actions: Analgesic (f; CEB; DEM); Antiemetic (f; DEM); Aperitif (f; TOM); Diaphoretic (f; CEB); Diuretic (f; HHB); Expectorant (f; TOM); Pectoral (f; CEB); Vermifuge (f; CEB); Vulnerary (f; CEB). Indications: Anorexia (f; TOM); Asthma (f; DEM; TOM); Bite (f; TOM); Bleeding (f; TOM); Bruise (f; CEB); Cancer (f; HHB; JLH); Catarrh (f; TOM); Chill (f; DEM); Cold (f; DEM); Coma (f; DEM); Cough (f; DEM); Cramp (f; DEM); Diarrhea (f; CEB); Diphtheria (f; DEM); Dysentery (f; CEB); Fever (f; CEB; DEM); Gastrosis (f; CEB); Hay Fever (f; TOM); Headache (f; DEM; TOM); Insanity (f; DEM); Insomnia (f; DEM); Migraine (f; TOM); Myalgia (f; DEM); Nervousness (f; DEM); Pain (f; CEB; DEM); Parotosis (f; DEM); Pulmonosis (f; DEM; TOM); Quinsy (f; CEB); Rheumatism (f; DEM); Sinusosis (f; TOM); Sore (f; TOM); Sore Throat (f; DEM); Sprain (f; DEM); Sting (f; TOM); Syncope (f; DEM); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Vomiting (f; DEM); Water Retention (f; HHB); Worm (f; CEB). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2). |
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| RABDOSIA | Rabdosia | |
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Synonyms: This is truly a generic entry aggregating data on several species of Rabdosia from 43 abstracts provided me by Alan Tillotson. Such aggregation unfairly makes the Rabdosia genus look more powerful than the individual species. So do aggregations of many studies, on an individual species, make the better studied species appear better than an unstudied species in the same genus. It is, however, interesting to see what I had to say a decade and a half ago when I published my Medicinal Plants of China (DAA), “to treat carcinoma of esophagus and stomach ... oridonin being the main active principle. Actions: Antiaggregant (1; X8249632); Antibacterial (1; X9241802); Anticarciogenic (1; X8020128); Antiherpetic (1; X10678355); Antileukemic (1; X2776235); Antilymphocytic (1; X2776235); Antisarcomic (1; X8010060); Antitumor (1; DAA); Antiulcer (1; X9241802); Antiviral (1; X10678355); Cytotoxic (1; DAA). Indications: Bacteria (1; X9241802); Cancer, esophagus (1; DAA; X8174469); Cancer, stomach (1; DAA); Caries (1; X8020128); Embolism (1; X8249632); Esophagosis (1; DAA; X8174469); Gastrosis (1; DAA; X9241802); Helicobacter (1; X9241802); Hepatoma (1; DAA); Herpes (1; X10678355); Infection (1; X10678355); Leukemia (1; X2776235); Periodontosis (1; X8020128); Sarcoma (1; X8010060); Thrombus (1; X8249632); Tumor (1; DAA); Ulcer (1; X9241802); Virus (1; X10678355). Dosage: Ponicidin (at low concentration without antiviral activities (0.2 μg/ml)) when combined with ACV or GCV, enhanced the cytotoxic levels in HSV-TK-expressing cells by 3 to 87-fold and 5 to 52-fold, respectively, compared with the nucleoside alone Contraindications: Ponicidin (at low concentration without antiviral activities (0.2 μg/ml)) when combined with ACV or GCV, enhanced the cytotoxic levels in HSV-TK-expressing cells by 3 to 87-fold and 5 to 52-fold, respectively, compared with the nucleoside alone |
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| RADISH | Raphanus sativus | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antibacterial (1; WOI); Antioxidant (1; WOI); Antiseptic (2; KOM; PIP; PH2); Antiviral (1; HH2; PH2); Aperient (f; EFS); Aperitif (1; DEP; EFS; PHR); Carminative (f; DAA; KAB; WOI); Cholagogue (1; KAB; PHR); Choleretic (1; IHB; PH2); Depurative (f; EFS; WOI); Diaphoretic (f; LMP); Digestive (1; IHB; LMP); Diuretic (f; IHB; WOI); Emmenagogue (f; DEP; KAB); Expectorant (f; DAA; IHB); Gastrostimulant (2; KOM; PIP); Laxative (f; DEP; IHB); Litholytic (f; DEP); Secretagogue (2; KOM; PIP); Secretolytic (1; PH2); Stimulant (f; EFS); Stomachic (f; DAA; DEP; KAB); Vermifuge (f; KAB). Indications: Amenorrhea (f; KAB); Anorexia (2; DEP; EFS; PHR); Apoplexy (f; LMP); Asthma (f; DAA); Bacteria (1; DAA; WOI); Biliary Dyskinesia (2; KOM; PIP); Bladder Stone (f; DEP); Bronchosis (2; PHR; PH2); Bruise (f; DAA; LMP); Burn (f; LMP); Calculus (f; DEP); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; LMP); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH; LMP); Cardiopathy (f; KAB); Catarrh (2; KOM; PIP; PH2); Cholecystosis (f; EFS; PH2; WOI); Cholera (f; KAB); Cold (2; PHR); Constipation (f; DEP; IHB); Corn (f; JLH); Cough (2; HH2; LMP; PHR; PH2); Diarrhea (f; LMP; PH2); Dropsy (f; DAA; LMP); Dysentery (f; LMP); Dyspepsia (2; KOM; LMP; PH2); Dysuria (f; DEP; KAB; PH2); Edema (f; DAA); Enterosis (f; JLH; PH2); Escherichia (1; WOI); Fever (2; LMP; PHR); Flu (1; IHB); Gallstone (f; HH2; PH2); Gas (1; DAA; KAB; PH2; WOI); Gastrosis (f; DEP); Gonorrhea (f; DEP); Headache (f; DAA; PH2); Hemorrhoid (f; KAB; WOI); Hepatosis (f; JLH; WOI); Hiccup (f; KAB); Induration (f; DEP); Infection (2; PHR); Inflammation (2; KAB; PHR); Ischuria (f; DEP); Leprosy (f; KAB); Lumbago (f; DAA; LMP); Mastosis (f; LMP); Nausea (f; PH2); Neuralgia (f; PH2); Oliguria (f; DAA); Ophthalmia (f; DAA); Pain (f; DEP; KAB; PH2); Paralysis (f; KAB); Pertussis (f; EFS; PH2); Pharyngosis (2; PHR); Polyp (f; JLH); Rash (f; SKJ); Respirosis (2; KOM; PIP; PH2); Rheumatism (f; DAA); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Ringworm (f; SKJ); Splenosis (f; KAB; JLH); Staphylococcus (f; DAA); Stomatosis (2; PHR); Stone (f; DEP; PH2); Strangury (f; DEP); Streptococcus (1; DAA; WOI); Syphilis (f; DEP; KAB); VD (f; DEP; KAB); Virus (1; HH2; PH2); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; IHB; WOI); Wen (f; JLH); Worm (f; KAB). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Due to the cholagogic effect of the drug, biliary colic could be triggered among patients with gallstones (PHR). Contraindicated in cholelithiasis (KOM; PIP). No drug-drug interactions or side effects reported (KOM; PIP). Extracts (Radish) — Perhaps anticipating the work on sulforaphane at Johns Hopkins, WOI (1969) comments that radish seeds contain glycosidally bound oils containing allyl-, isopropyl-, and methyl-isothiocyanates and sulphoraphene [sic] and 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl-cyanide, the corresponding nitrile of sulphoraphene and cleavage product of its glucoside. Sulphoraphene is antibacterial to Escherichia, Pneumococcus, Pyrococcus, and Streptococcus. It is blastokolic (inhibits germination of seeds). Raphanin, from the aqueous seed extract, may possibly be identical to sulphoraphene. Seeds contain broad spectrum machrolysin which is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. On a few occasions, PH2 has described plants as secretolytic, which other Commission E interpretations consider secretagogue. I suspect the PH2 is more likely the wrong party. Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Due to the cholagogic effect of the drug, biliary colic could be triggered among patients with gallstones (PHR). Contraindicated in cholelithiasis (KOM; PIP). No drug-drug interactions or side effects reported (KOM; PIP). Extracts (Radish) — Perhaps anticipating the work on sulforaphane at Johns Hopkins, WOI (1969) comments that radish seeds contain glycosidally bound oils containing allyl-, isopropyl-, and methyl-isothiocyanates and sulphoraphene [sic] and 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl-cyanide, the corresponding nitrile of sulphoraphene and cleavage product of its glucoside. Sulphoraphene is antibacterial to Escherichia, Pneumococcus, Pyrococcus, and Streptococcus. It is blastokolic (inhibits germination of seeds). Raphanin, from the aqueous seed extract, may possibly be identical to sulphoraphene. Seeds contain broad spectrum machrolysin which is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. On a few occasions, PH2 has described plants as secretolytic, which other Commission E interpretations consider secretagogue. I suspect the PH2 is more likely the wrong party. |
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| RAMSON, BEAR GARLIC | Allium ursinum | |
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Synonyms: Actions: ACE Inhibitor (1; FNF; PH2); Antiaggregant (1; FNF; PH2); Antibacterial (1; HHB); Antioxidant (1; FNF); Antiseptic (1; FNF); Antispasmodic (1; FNF); Cardioprotective (1; X8455576); Cyclo-oxygenase Inhibitor (1; X1620734); Diaphoretic (1; FNF); Expectorant (1; FNF); Hypocholesterolemic (1; FNF); Hypotensive (1; FNF); Lipolytic (f; PH2); 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor (1; X1620734); Tonic (f; HHB). Indications: Asthma (1; FNF); Atherosclerosis (1; BIS; FNF; PH2); Bacteria (1; HHB); Bronchosis (1; FNF); Cardiopathy (1; X8455576); Catarrh (1; FNF); Cold (1; FNF); Cramp (1; FNF); Dermatosis (f; PH2); Dyspepsia (1; BIS; FNF; PH2); Enterosis (f; PH2); Fever (1; FNF); Flu (1; FNF); Gas (f; PH2); Gastrosis (f; BIS; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; FNF; PH2); High Cholesterol (1; FNF); Hypertony (f; HHB); Infection (1; FNF); Pertussis (1; FNF); Obesity (f; PH2); Yeast (1; FNF). Dosage: While not covered by AHP, I think it merits their AHP Class 2c (JAD). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Some thiolbearing compounds in garlic, onion, and their relatives can cause acantholysis in vitro and possibly pemphigus in vivo. Too much may induce flatulence, heartburn, and “thin blood†(people taking blood thinners may overthin their blood thereby). Some people are allergic to garlic relatives. Commission E reports foul breath, rare GI disturbances, and allergic reactions. CAN cautions that the sulphides may irritate the GI tract or cause dermatosis (CAN). Probably functions as a dilute garlic, sharing its activities and indications (JAD). Contraindications: While not covered by AHP, I think it merits their AHP Class 2c (JAD). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Some thiolbearing compounds in garlic, onion, and their relatives can cause acantholysis in vitro and possibly pemphigus in vivo. Too much may induce flatulence, heartburn, and “thin blood†(people taking blood thinners may overthin their blood thereby). Some people are allergic to garlic relatives. Commission E reports foul breath, rare GI disturbances, and allergic reactions. CAN cautions that the sulphides may irritate the GI tract or cause dermatosis (CAN). Probably functions as a dilute garlic, sharing its activities and indications (JAD). |
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| RASPBERRY | Rubus idaeus | |
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Synonyms: R. buschii (Rozanova) Grossh., R. idaeus var. vulgatus Arrh., R. vulgatus var. buschii Rozanova. Actions: Anticancer (1; JNU); Anticholinesterase (1; CAN); Antiinflammatory (1; FAD); Antipyretic (f; EFS); Antiseptic (f; PED); Antispasmodic (1; APA; CAN; PED); Antiviral (1; CAN); Astringent (1; CAN; CEB; FAD; PH2); Choleretic (f; KOM); Depurative (f; APA; KOM; PH2); Diaphoretic (f; KOM); Diuretic (f; KOM); Hemostat (1; APA); Laxative (f; PH2); Myostimulant (1; CAN); Postparturient (f; CAN); Stimulant (f; PED); Tonic (f; APA); Uterorelaxant (1; APA; FAD; PNC); Uterotonic (1; APA; FAD). Indications: Biliousness (f; DEM); Bleeding (1; APA); Boil (f; DEM); Cancer (1; JLH; JNU); Cancer, colon (1; JLH); Cancer, mouth (1; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; JLH); Canker (f; APA; MIC); Cardiopathy (f; PHR; PH2); Cataract (f; DEM); Childbirth (f; CEB; DEM; PH2); Cholera (f; CEB); Cold (1; SKY); Condyloma (f; JLH); Conjunctivosis (f; APA; CAN); Constipation (f; DEM; PH2); Cough (f; APA); Cramp (1; APA; CAN; FAD; PED); Dementia (1; JNU); Dentition (f; DEM); Dermatosis (f; APA; KOM); Diabetes (f; KOM); Diarrhea (1; APA; FAD; MIC; SKY); Dysentery (1; FAD); Dysmenorrhea (1; APA; CEB; FAD); Dysuria (f; DEM); Enterosis (1; APA; JLH; KOM; PH2); Fever (f; CEB; EFS; KOM); Fever Blister (f; APA); Flu (1; KOM; PED); Gastrosis (f; JLH; KOM; PH2); Gonorrhea (f; CEB; DEM); Gravel (f; CEB); Heartburn (f; DEM); Hematuria (f; DEM); Hemoptysis (f; CEB); Hemorrhoid (1; APA); High Blood Pressure (f; DEM); Inflammation (1; APA; FAD); Lethargy (f; DEM); Low Blood Pressure (f; DEM); Measles (f; DEM); Metrorrhagia (1; APA); Morning Sickness (f; APA); Nausea (PED); Nephrosis (f; DEM); Ophthalmia (f; DEM); Parturition (1; FAD; PED); Pharyngosis (f; APA; PHR); Phthisis (f; CEB); Pregnancy (f; APA; SKY); Prostatosis (f; APA); Pulmonosis (f; KOM); Respirosis (f; PHR; PH2); Rheumatism (f; DEM); Sore (f; DEM); Sore Throat (1; APA; CEB; KOM; MIC; PH2; SKY); Stomach (f; MIC); Stomachache (f; DEM); Stomatosis (1; APA; JLH; PHR; PH2 KOM; MIC); Tonsilosis (1; FAD); Toothache (f; DEM); Ulcer (f; APA); Uterosis (f; CEB); VD (f; CEB; DEM); Virus (1; CAN); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; KOM); Wound (1; APA). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). Should not be used during pregnancy, and, if taken during labor, should only be done under medical supervision. Still, raspberry leaf is widely recommended to be taken during pregnancy to help facilitate easier parturition. Unsuitable to use as an herbal remedy to treat eye infections such as conjunctivitis (CAN). While I thought of raspberry as astringent and maybe even binding, Lininger et al. (1998) say it may cause mild loosening of stools and nausea (SKY). Extracts (Raspberry) — Extract appears to relax uterus only in pregnant rats and humans; inactive on nonpregnant uterus (PNC). Contrasts with CAN, who says that uteroactivity has been documented for a leaf infusion in both pregnant and nonpregnant rat and human uteri (CAN). Anthocyanins and polyphenols in berries of several Ribes, Rubus, and Vaccinium spp. have in vitro antiradical activity on chemically generated superoxide radicals. The extracts also inhibitor xanthine oxidase. All crude extracts were highly active toward chemically generated superoxide radicals. Ribes nigrum extracts exhibited most activity, being the richest in both anthocyanins and polyphenols. But Ribes rubrum extracts seem to contain more active substances (X1332092). The 10–12% tannins in the leaves make this tea competitive with the better publicized green tea for cancer and cardiopathy. And I suspect that the wild strains would be even better endowed, with the anticancer and cardioprotective polyphenols, than the cultivated raspberries. Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). Should not be used during pregnancy, and, if taken during labor, should only be done under medical supervision. Still, raspberry leaf is widely recommended to be taken during pregnancy to help facilitate easier parturition. Unsuitable to use as an herbal remedy to treat eye infections such as conjunctivitis (CAN). While I thought of raspberry as astringent and maybe even binding, Lininger et al. (1998) say it may cause mild loosening of stools and nausea (SKY). Extracts (Raspberry) — Extract appears to relax uterus only in pregnant rats and humans; inactive on nonpregnant uterus (PNC). Contrasts with CAN, who says that uteroactivity has been documented for a leaf infusion in both pregnant and nonpregnant rat and human uteri (CAN). Anthocyanins and polyphenols in berries of several Ribes, Rubus, and Vaccinium spp. have in vitro antiradical activity on chemically generated superoxide radicals. The extracts also inhibitor xanthine oxidase. All crude extracts were highly active toward chemically generated superoxide radicals. Ribes nigrum extracts exhibited most activity, being the richest in both anthocyanins and polyphenols. But Ribes rubrum extracts seem to contain more active substances (X1332092). The 10–12% tannins in the leaves make this tea competitive with the better publicized green tea for cancer and cardiopathy. And I suspect that the wild strains would be even better endowed, with the anticancer and cardioprotective polyphenols, than the cultivated raspberries. |
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| RAUWOLFIA, SNAKEWOOD | Rauvolfia serpentina | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antiandrogenic (1; CRC); Antiarrhythmic (1; CRC; PHR; PH2); Antibacterial (1; CRC); Antidote, opiate (1; CRC); Antifertility (1; CRC); Antipyretic (1; KAP; WHO); Bitter (f; DEP; KAP); Carcinogenic (1; CRC; WHO); Cardiodepressant (1; KAP); Cardiotonic (f; WHO); CNS Depressant (1; CRC; KAP); Expectorant (1; HHB); Hypnotic (1; KAP; SUW); Hypotensive (2; KAP; KOM; PH2; SUW; WHO); Hypothyroid (1; HH2); Lactagogue (1; FNF); MDR Inhibitor (1; ABS; FNF; PR14:139); Narcotic (1; CRC); Peristaltic (1; WOI); Respiradepressant (1; KAP); Sedative (2; CRC; KOM; PH2; SUW; WHO); Sympathicolytic (1; PHR; PH2); Teratogenic (1; CRC); Tonic (f; KAP); Tranquilizer (1; KAP; WHO); Uterocontractant (1; HH2; KAB; PH2; SUW); Vermifuge (f; CRC; KAB). Indications: Addiction (f; CRC); Anxiety (2; HH2; KOM; PH2); Arrhythmia (1; CRC; PHR; PH2); Asthenia (f; WHO); Bacteria (1; CRC); Bite (f; PH2; WHO); Childbirth (f; DEP; KAP; PH2; SKJ; SUW); Cholera (f; CRC; DEP; KAB); Colic (f; HHB; KAB; PH2); Constipation (f; PHR; WHO); Corneal Opacity (f; DEP; KAB; SKJ; SUW); Cramp (f; HH2); Debility (f; PHR); Dermatosis (f; HHB); Diarrhea (f; DEP; PHR); Dropsy (f; PHR); Dysentery (f; DEP; KAP); Dyslactea (1; TGF); Dysuria (f; PH2); Eclampsia (f; HH2; PH2); Enterosis (f; CRC; KAB; KAP; PHR; SUW); Epilepsy (f; HH2; SKJ); Fever (1; DEP; KAP; PHR; PH2; WHO); Gas (f; PH2; WHO); Gastrosis (f; CRC; SKJ); Headache (1; CRC); Hepatosis (f; PHR; PH2; WHO); High Blood Pressure (2; CRC; KAP; KOM; PH2; SUW; WHO); Hyperthyroid (1; HH2); Hypertony (1; PHR; PH2); Hypochondria (1; CRC); Hysteria (f; HH2); Insanity (1; CRC; HH2; KAP; SKJ; SUW); Insomnia (2; CRC; KAP; KOM; PHR; PH2; SUW; WHO; WOI); Mental Problem (1; CRC; PHR); Migraine (f; CRC); Nausea (f; PH2); Nervousness (2; CRC; KAP; KOM; PHR; PH2; SUW; WHO); Ophthalmia (f; DEP; SKJ; SUW); Pain (f; DEP; KAB; SUW); Parasite (1; HH2); Parturition (f; SKJ); Rheumatism (f; HH2; PHR; WHO); Satyrism (1; CRC); Schizophrenia (1; CRC); Sinus Tachycardia (2; KOM); Snakebite (f; CRC; HHB; PHR; WOI); Somnambulism (f; HH2); Sore (f; KAB); Staphylococcus (1; ABS); Sting (f; CRC); Swelling (f; HHB); Tension (1; PH2); Ulcer (f; CRC); Vomiting (f; PH2; SKJ); Worm (f; CRC; HH2; KAB; SKJ); Wound (f; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Commission E reports for root, contraindications, adverse effects, and interactions of the toxic alkaloid reserpine (AEH). Contraindications: depression, lactation, pheochromocytoma, pregnancy, and ulcer (KOM; PH2). Side effects, often with minimum therapeutic dose (WOI), include depression, dizziness, drowsiness, dyspnea, erectile dysfunction, lethargy, rash, and reactive changes (dangerous while driving), reduced sexual potency, and stuffy nose (KOM; PH2; WOI). Drug interactions: appetite suppressants, barbiturates, digitalis glycosides, levodopa, neuroleptics, and sympathomimetics (KOM). Extracts (Rauwolfia) — With normotensive cats, the alkaloid mix (as hydrochloride) at 2 mg/kg ivn lowered pressure 20 mm Hg, 1 mg/kg serpentine lowered it 30 mm, 2 mg/kg ajmaline lowered 16 mm, 2 mg/kg serpentinine 10 mm Hg. With experimentally hypertensive cats (155–165 mm Hg), the alkaloid mix (as hydrochloride) lowered pressure 70–76 mm Hg; ajmaline 40, serpentine 80, serpentinine 26–35 mm Hg (HH2). Reserpine, by its dopamine-depleting effect, may raise prolactin levels. Galactorrhea is one side effect of reserpine. Reserpine given orally to rabbits increased mammary gland secretions. Hypothalmic dopamine inhibits prolactin. Conversely estrogens promote prolactin production (in males and females). Galactorrhea is a side effect of estrogenic contraceptives. Sulman (1970) developed a mammotropic index on which reserpine scored highest (5; 1 = normal mammary gland), when administered subcutaneously at 1 mg/kg for 5 days to estrogen-primed female rats. Other Rauvolfia alkaloids showed mastogenic activity as well, ajmalicine, ajmaline, and yohimbine are about half as potent as deserpidine, rescinnamine, and reserpine. Deserpidine modifies secondary sex characteristics. In female rats it suppresses vaginal keratization, induces permanent estrus, stimulates the mammaries; in males, it dissociates the endocrine and germinal functions of the testicles (KAP). Reserpine is considered useful in schizophrenia. It acts synergistically with chlorpromazine, leading to lower and minimizing adverse side effects. Serpentine is twice as hypotensive as ajmaline and synergistic with reserpine (KAP). Rescinnamine has the same activities, but weaker (and it is less toxic), raunescine, epsilon-reserpine, residine (WOI) are also active but less so than reserpine. Efflux pumps can be inhibited by reserpine, which, at 20 mg/L, reduced sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ciprofloxacin IC(50)s and MICs by up to four-fold (Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 42, no. 6, Dec 1998 p. 807–810). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Commission E reports for root, contraindications, adverse effects, and interactions of the toxic alkaloid reserpine (AEH). Contraindications: depression, lactation, pheochromocytoma, pregnancy, and ulcer (KOM; PH2). Side effects, often with minimum therapeutic dose (WOI), include depression, dizziness, drowsiness, dyspnea, erectile dysfunction, lethargy, rash, and reactive changes (dangerous while driving), reduced sexual potency, and stuffy nose (KOM; PH2; WOI). Drug interactions: appetite suppressants, barbiturates, digitalis glycosides, levodopa, neuroleptics, and sympathomimetics (KOM). Extracts (Rauwolfia) — With normotensive cats, the alkaloid mix (as hydrochloride) at 2 mg/kg ivn lowered pressure 20 mm Hg, 1 mg/kg serpentine lowered it 30 mm, 2 mg/kg ajmaline lowered 16 mm, 2 mg/kg serpentinine 10 mm Hg. With experimentally hypertensive cats (155–165 mm Hg), the alkaloid mix (as hydrochloride) lowered pressure 70–76 mm Hg; ajmaline 40, serpentine 80, serpentinine 26–35 mm Hg (HH2). Reserpine, by its dopamine-depleting effect, may raise prolactin levels. Galactorrhea is one side effect of reserpine. Reserpine given orally to rabbits increased mammary gland secretions. Hypothalmic dopamine inhibits prolactin. Conversely estrogens promote prolactin production (in males and females). Galactorrhea is a side effect of estrogenic contraceptives. Sulman (1970) developed a mammotropic index on which reserpine scored highest (5; 1 = normal mammary gland), when administered subcutaneously at 1 mg/kg for 5 days to estrogen-primed female rats. Other Rauvolfia alkaloids showed mastogenic activity as well, ajmalicine, ajmaline, and yohimbine are about half as potent as deserpidine, rescinnamine, and reserpine. Deserpidine modifies secondary sex characteristics. In female rats it suppresses vaginal keratization, induces permanent estrus, stimulates the mammaries; in males, it dissociates the endocrine and germinal functions of the testicles (KAP). Reserpine is considered useful in schizophrenia. It acts synergistically with chlorpromazine, leading to lower and minimizing adverse side effects. Serpentine is twice as hypotensive as ajmaline and synergistic with reserpine (KAP). Rescinnamine has the same activities, but weaker (and it is less toxic), raunescine, epsilon-reserpine, residine (WOI) are also active but less so than reserpine. Efflux pumps can be inhibited by reserpine, which, at 20 mg/L, reduced sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ciprofloxacin IC(50)s and MICs by up to four-fold (Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 42, no. 6, Dec 1998 p. 807–810). |
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| RED BRYONY | Bryonia dioica | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antitumor (f; HHB); Cytotoxic (f; KOM); Diuretic (f; HHB; KOM); Emetic (1; KOM); Laxative (1; KOM); Toxic (1; PH2). Indications: Adenopathy (f; JLH); Aposteme (f; JLH); Arthrosis (f; JLH; KOM); Cacoethes (f; JLH); Cancer (1; FNF; HHB; JLH); Cancer, abdomen (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, breast (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, colon (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, face (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, gland (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, joint (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, spleen (1; FNF; JLH); Catarrh (f; HHB); Constipation (1; KOM); Enterosis (f; KOM); Fever (f; HHB); Gastrosis (f; KOM); Hepatosis (f; KOM); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (f; KOM); Mastosis (f; JLH); Peritonosis (f; PH2); Pleurosis (f; PH2); Polyp (f; JLH); Pulmonosis (f; HHB); Respirosis (f; PH2); Rheumatism (f; HHB); Splenosis (f; JLH); Tumor (f; HHB); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; HHB; KOM); Whitlow (f; JLH). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). Not approved (KOM). Commission E reports the root is a drastic laxative and emetic, while other therapeutic uses are not adequately documented. Contains toxic cucurbitacins (AEH). May cause abortion, anuria, blisters, colic, collapse, convulsions, cramps, death, dermatosis, diarrhea, dizziness, emesis, hematochezia, nephrosis, neurosis, paralysis, rash, and/or vomiting (KOM; PH2); 40 berries could kill an adult (PH2). One death attributed to 30 g (ca. 1 oz) root (PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). Not approved (KOM). Commission E reports the root is a drastic laxative and emetic, while other therapeutic uses are not adequately documented. Contains toxic cucurbitacins (AEH). May cause abortion, anuria, blisters, colic, collapse, convulsions, cramps, death, dermatosis, diarrhea, dizziness, emesis, hematochezia, nephrosis, neurosis, paralysis, rash, and/or vomiting (KOM; PH2); 40 berries could kill an adult (PH2). One death attributed to 30 g (ca. 1 oz) root (PH2). |
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| RED BUSH TEA | Aspalathus | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antianemic (f; APA); Antiaging (f; APA); Antiallergic (f; APA); Anti-HIV (1; X9209319); Antioxidant (1; FNF); Antispasmodic (1; VVG); Antiviral (1;X9209319); Astringent (1; APA); Cardioprotective (1; VVG); Carminative (1; VVG); Radioprotective (1; APA). Indications: Aging (1; APA; VVG); Allergy (f; APA); Anemia (f; APA); Cardiopathy (1; VVG); Colic (1; VVG); Cramp (1; VVG); Diarrhea (1; APA); Eczema (f; VVG); Gas (1; VVG); HIV (1; X9209319); Stomachache (1; APA); Virus (1; X9209319). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP; JAD). Not indexed (KOM; PHR; ZUL). Extracts (Red Bush Tea) — Flavonoids isolated from rooibos include aspalathin, (+)-catechin, chrysoeriol, iso-orientin, isoquercitrin, isovitexin, luteolin, nothofagin, orientin, quercetin, rutin, and vitexin. Phenolic acids include caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid. Most of these compounds, widely distributed in nature, are antioxidants, but aspalathin, present at 15,000 ppm, is unique to Aspalathus. Relative antioxidant activity under this method of analysis was vanillic>ferulic>syringic>p-hydroxybenzoic> p-coumaric>caffeic acid, compared to caffeic>ferulic>p-coumaric in another study. Antioxidant activities of the flavonoids by this method was luteolin>quercetin>aspalathin> vitexin> isoquercitrin>rutin> (+)-catechin. Aggregating everything, BHT, luteolin>BHA>alphatocpherol> quercetin>aspalathin>vanillic acid> vanillic acid>ferulic acid>vitexin>isoquercitrin> syringic acid>p-hydroxybenzoic acid>p-coumaric acid>rutin> (+)-catechin>protocatechuic acid>caffeic acid. My biggest impression after reading this study is that, depending on the test you use, you can show almost any antioxidant to be better than another. Hence, all ads saying, “my antioxidant is better than yours,†should be viewed as reversible, depending on the assay. APA, under Aspalathus, inserts their Delaneyite antioxidant template, hinting correctly that antioxidants can slow the aging process. All plants contain antioxidants. Therefore, Delaneyites say that all plants help prevent aging. Conversely, all plants contain oxidants, which increase aging. Therefore, Delaneyites say all plants cause aging. Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP; JAD). Not indexed (KOM; PHR; ZUL). Extracts (Red Bush Tea) — Flavonoids isolated from rooibos include aspalathin, (+)-catechin, chrysoeriol, iso-orientin, isoquercitrin, isovitexin, luteolin, nothofagin, orientin, quercetin, rutin, and vitexin. Phenolic acids include caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid. Most of these compounds, widely distributed in nature, are antioxidants, but aspalathin, present at 15,000 ppm, is unique to Aspalathus. Relative antioxidant activity under this method of analysis was vanillic>ferulic>syringic>p-hydroxybenzoic> p-coumaric>caffeic acid, compared to caffeic>ferulic>p-coumaric in another study. Antioxidant activities of the flavonoids by this method was luteolin>quercetin>aspalathin> vitexin> isoquercitrin>rutin> (+)-catechin. Aggregating everything, BHT, luteolin>BHA>alphatocpherol> quercetin>aspalathin>vanillic acid> vanillic acid>ferulic acid>vitexin>isoquercitrin> syringic acid>p-hydroxybenzoic acid>p-coumaric acid>rutin> (+)-catechin>protocatechuic acid>caffeic acid. My biggest impression after reading this study is that, depending on the test you use, you can show almost any antioxidant to be better than another. Hence, all ads saying, “my antioxidant is better than yours,†should be viewed as reversible, depending on the assay. APA, under Aspalathus, inserts their Delaneyite antioxidant template, hinting correctly that antioxidants can slow the aging process. All plants contain antioxidants. Therefore, Delaneyites say that all plants help prevent aging. Conversely, all plants contain oxidants, which increase aging. Therefore, Delaneyites say all plants cause aging. |
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| RED CEDAR | Juniperus virginiana | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Abortifacient (1; CEB; DEM); Antiaggregant (f; CEB); Antiseptic (f; DEM); Antitumor (1; FAD); Cicatrizant (f; CEB); Deobstruent (f; DEM); Diaphoretic (f; DEM); Diuretic (f; DEM); Emmenagogue (f; CEB); Escharotic (1; CEB; FNF); Secretagogue (f; CEB); Sedative (f; DEM); Uterotonic (f; CEB); Vermifuge (f; CEB). Indications: Arthrosis (f; CEB); Asthma (f; DEM); Bronchosis (f; FAD); Cancer (1; FAD; FNF; JLH); Canker (f; DEM); Caries (f; CEB); Catarrh (f; CEB); Cholera (f; DEM); Cold (f; CEB; DEM; FAD); Condyloma (1; FNF; JLH); Cough (f; CEB; DEM); Debility (f; CEB; DEM); Dermatosis (f; CEB; DEM); Dropsy (f; CEB); Dysmenorrhea (f; CEB); Dyspnea (f; DEM); Fever (f; DEM); Gangrene (f; CEB); Gout (f; CEB); Headache (f; CEB; DEM); Head Cold (f; CEB; DEM); Infection (f; CEB); Insomnia (f; DEM); Itch (f; DEM); Measles (f; DEM); Nervousness (f; CEB; DEM); Osteosis (f; CEB); Psoriasis (f; CEB); Rheumatism (f; CEB; DEM; FAD); Sore (f; CEB; DEM; FAD); Stomatosis (f; DEM); Swelling (f; DEM); Tumor (1; FAD; FNF); VD (1; CEB); Wart (1; CEB; FNF; JLH); Water Retention (f; DEM); Worm (f; CEB; DEM; FAD); Wound (f; CEB). Dosage: Contraindications: |
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