Herbal Medicine Reference

Synonyms:

Actions: Alterative (f; CRC; GMH; PNC); Antiangiogenic (1; FNF; JAD); Anticancer (1; APA; JAD; SKY); Anticarcinogenic (1; APA; CAN); Antiinflammatory (1; APA); Antiosteoporotic (1; ABS; FNF; JAD); Antirheumatic (f; PED); Antiseptic (1; APA); Antispasmodic (1; APA; CAN; GMH; PHR; PH2); Aperitif (f; CRC; MAD); Astringent (f; CAN); Bitter (f; PED); Cholagogue (f; PED); Decongestant (1; APA); Depurative (f; DEM; FAD; PED); Diuretic (f; CRC; PED; WBB); Emmenagogue (f; PED); Estrogenic (2; APA; JAD; SKY); Expectorant (1; APA; FAD; PHR; PH2); Mastogenic (1; APA); Progesterogenic (1; AKT); Sedative (f; FAD; PED; WBB); Tonic (f; CRC); Vulnerary (f; PHR; PH2).

Indications: Anorexia (f; CRC; MAD); Asthma (f; CRC; FAD); Athlete’s Foot (f; CRC); Bright’s Disease (f; DEM); Bronchosis (1; APA; FAD; MAD; PED); Burn (f; CRC; WBB); Caked Breast (f; MAD); Cancer (1; APA; JAD; MAD; SKY; WBB); Cancer, breast (1; APA; FNF; JLH); Cancer, colon (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, pancreas (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; DEM; FNF; JLH); Cancer, tonsil (1; FNF; JLH); Carcinoma (f; FEL); Cardiopathy (1; AKT); Catarrh (f; MAD); Cholecystosis (f; CRC; MAD); Cold (1; APA); Congestion (1; APA); Conjunctivosis (f; MAD); Constipation (f; CRC); Corn (f; CRC); Cough (1; APA; FAD; MAD; PH2; SKY); Cramp (1; APA; CAN; GMH; PHR; PH2); Dermatosis (f; APA; CAN; CRC; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (f; MAD; PED); Eczema (f; AKT; APA; CAN; PHR; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; MAD); Dyspnea (f; MAD); Gout (f; CRC; MAD; WBB); Epithelioma (f; JLH); Hepatosis (f; CRC; MAD); Hot Flash (f; AKT); Inflammation (1; APA); Insomnia (f; FAD; PED; WBB); Jaundice (f; PED); Laryngosis (f; FEL); Leprosy (f; CRC); Leukorrhea (f; DEM; MAD); Mastosis (f; MAD); Measles (f; FEL); Menopause (2; APA; DEM; JAD); Nephrosis (f; MAD); Nervousness (f; FAD; PED; WBB); Ophthalmia (f; WBB); Osteoporosis (1; ABS; AKT; FNF; JAD); Pertussis (f; AKT; CAN; CRC; DEM; GMH; PHR; PH2; WBB); Phthisis (f; FEL); Psoriasis (f; AKT; APA; CAN; PHR; PH2); Pulmonosis (1; APA; PH2); Respirosis (f; PH2); Rheumatism (f; MAD; PED); Scrofula (f; CRC); Sore (f; CRC; FEL; MAD; WBB); Spasm (f; CRC); Splenosis (f; MAD); Swelling (f; JLH); Syphilis (f; APA; CRC); Tuberculosis (f; APA); Tumor (1; APA); VD (f; APA; CRC); Water Retention (f; CRC; PED; WBB); Wound (f; MAD).

Dosage: Class 2b (AHP). Not covered by Commission E (KOM). CAN cautions that the isoflavonoids are estrogenic. Because of estrogenic activity, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. Safe at levels normally consumed by humans, clovers have so much estrogenic activity that pregnant animals grazing heavily on them may suffer miscarriage. Estrogenic compounds, especially formononetin, may cause growth disorders, infertility, and urticaria (CAN). Apparently, healthy clovers may be fungally infected with much higher levels of estrogens, rarely even slaframine, a toxic fungal metabolite (JAD). Avoid fermented clover (SKY). Coumarins and isoflavonoids may interfere with coagulant and hormonal therapy (CAN). Biochanin is chemoprotective, inhibiting carcinogenic activity in cell cultures (CAN). A small 1994 study found increases in teat size and certain measurements of the uterus, along with other suggestive estrogen-like reactions, in three heifers fed large amounts of red clover silage for fourteen days (APA).

Contraindications: Class 2b (AHP). Not covered by Commission E (KOM). CAN cautions that the isoflavonoids are estrogenic. Because of estrogenic activity, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. Safe at levels normally consumed by humans, clovers have so much estrogenic activity that pregnant animals grazing heavily on them may suffer miscarriage. Estrogenic compounds, especially formononetin, may cause growth disorders, infertility, and urticaria (CAN). Apparently, healthy clovers may be fungally infected with much higher levels of estrogens, rarely even slaframine, a toxic fungal metabolite (JAD). Avoid fermented clover (SKY). Coumarins and isoflavonoids may interfere with coagulant and hormonal therapy (CAN). Biochanin is chemoprotective, inhibiting carcinogenic activity in cell cultures (CAN). A small 1994 study found increases in teat size and certain measurements of the uterus, along with other suggestive estrogen-like reactions, in three heifers fed large amounts of red clover silage for fourteen days (APA).

Synonyms: R. rubrum var. sativum Rchb., R. sativum (Rchb.) Syme, R. sylvestre (Lam.) Mert. & W. D. J. Koch, R. vulgare Lam., R. vulgare var. macrocarpum Jancz., R. vulgare var. sylvestre Lam.

Actions: Antialcoholic (1; FNF; X11170598); Antieczemic (1; FNF; X11170598); Antiinflammatory (1; FNF; X11170598); Antioxidant (1; HH2; PH2; X1332092); Anti-PMS (1; FNF; X11170598); Antipyretic (1; PH2); Antiseptic (1; PH2); Antitumor (1; FNF; X11170598); Cardioprotective (1; FNF; X11170598); Emmenagogue (1; PH2); Xanthine-Oxidase Inhibitor (1; HH2; X1332092).

Indications: Alcoholism (1; FNF; X11170598); Burn (f; PH2); Blister (f; PH2); Cancer (1; FNF; X11170598); Cardiopathy (1; FNF; X11170598); Eczema (1; FNF; X11170598); Fever (1; PH2); Gout (1; X1332092); Inflammation (1; FNF; X11170598); PMS (1; FNF; X11170598); Tumor (1; FNF; X11170598).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Extracts (Red Currant) — Anthocyanins and polyphenols in berries of several Ribes, Rubus, and Vaccinium spp. have in vitro antiradical activity on chemically generated superoxide radicals. All crude extracts were highly active toward chemically generated superoxide radicals. Ribes nigrum extracts exhibited most activity, being the richest in both anthocyanins and polyphenols, but Ribes rubrum extracts seem to contain more active substances (X1332092).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Extracts (Red Currant) — Anthocyanins and polyphenols in berries of several Ribes, Rubus, and Vaccinium spp. have in vitro antiradical activity on chemically generated superoxide radicals. All crude extracts were highly active toward chemically generated superoxide radicals. Ribes nigrum extracts exhibited most activity, being the richest in both anthocyanins and polyphenols, but Ribes rubrum extracts seem to contain more active substances (X1332092).

Synonyms: H. erecta Jacq.

Actions: Analgesic (1; AAB; TRA); Antibacterial (1; AAB; TRA); Antiinflammatory (1; DAV; MPG; TRA); Antioxidant (1; TRA); Antipyretic (1; DAV; TRA); Antiseptic (1; TRA); Astringent (f; JFM); Cicatrizant (2; MPG; TRA); CNS Depressant (1; TRA); Diuretic (1; TRA); Cytostat (1; TRA); Fungicide (1; AAB); Laxative (f; DAV; JFM); Mydriatic (1; TRA).

Indications: Bacteria (1; AAB; TRA); Bleeding (1; DAV); Blister (f; JFM); Bruise (f; JFM); Bug Bite (f; AAB); Burn (f; AAB); Cancer (f; DAV); Cholera (f; DAV); Constipation (f; DAV; JFM); Cramp (f; AAB); Dermatosis (f; JFM); Dysentery (f; DAV; JFM; RYM); Dysmenorrhea (f; AAB; JFM); Eczema (f; JFM); Erysipelas (f; DAV; RYM); Fever (1; DAV; TRA); Fungus (1; AAB); Headache (2; JFM; TRA); Heatstroke (f; DAV); Hematochezia (1; DAV); Infection (1; AAB); Inflammation (1; DAV; MPG; TRA); Itch (f; AAB; RYM); Jaundice (f; DAV); Malaria (f; DAV); Migraine (f; MPG); Mycosis (1; AAB); Pain (1; AAB; TRA); Pharyngosis (f; DAV); Rash (f; AAB); Rheumatism (1; JFM; TRA); Salmonella (1; TRA); Scurvy (1; DAV); Shigella (1; TRA); Sore (f; JFM); Stomachache (f; JFM); Uterosis (f; JFM); Vaginosis (f; JFM); Water Retention (1; TRA); Wound (2; MPG; TRA).

Dosage:

Contraindications:

Synonyms:

Actions: Analgesic (f; DEM); Anemiagenic (1; ABS); Astringent (f; PH2); Collyrium (f; DEM); Depurative (f; DEM).

Indications: Backache (f; DEM); Cataract (f; DEM); Conjunctivosis (f; DEM); Cramp (f; DEM); Dysentery (f; DEM); Hemorrhoid (f; DEM); Hive (f; DEM); Hysteria (f; DEM); Measles (f; DEM); Ophthalmia (f; PH2); Pain (f; DEM); Sore (f; DEM); Wound (f; DEM).

Dosage: “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Horse and zebras grazing the leaves may develop hemolytic anemia. Product should not be used otherwise, except for eye conditions (PH2).

Contraindications: “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Horse and zebras grazing the leaves may develop hemolytic anemia. Product should not be used otherwise, except for eye conditions (PH2).

Synonyms: I suspect that most birds and few foresters, herbalists, and taxonomists know which species—red, white, or black, rubra, alba, or nigra—they last ingested for edible or medicinal reasons. Further, I doubt that most chemical and overseas clinical trials have been vouchered. Still, I keep them separate, knowing that I have white and black fruits volunteering, almost weeds on my property. I would, myself, use them generically for food and medicine, though as a botanist, I cannot prescribe such. See other species for other indications. I’ll bet that in 10 years someone bolder than I will treat them all generically as mulberry, Morus spp. Some FAD, and all PNC and PHR entries below, probably apply more to M. alba.

Actions: Antibacterial (1; FAD); Antioxidant (1; ABS); Antipyretic (f; PNC); Antispasmodic (1; PNC); Antitumor (1; ABS); Diuretic (f; PNC); Expectorant (f; PNC); Hypoglycemic (1; PNC); Hypotensive (1; PNC); Laxative (f; PNC).

Indications: Arthrosis (f; FAD); Asthma (f; FAD); Bacteria (1; FAD); Bronchosis (f; FAD); Cancer (1; ABS); Catarrh (f; PHR); Constipation (f; PNC) Cough (f; FAD); Cramp (1; PNC); Debility (f; FAD); Diabetes (f; FAD); Dysentery (f; FAD); Dysuria (f; FAD); Edema (f; FAD); Fever (f; FAD; PNC); Headache (f; FAD); Hepatosis (f; FAD); High Blood Pressure (1; PNC); Hyperemia (f; FAD); Hyperglycemia (1; PNC); Mycosis (f; FAD); Pain (f; FAD); Pulmonosis (f; FAD); Ringworm (f; FAD); Tapeworm (f; FAD); Tumor (1; ABS); Vertigo (f; FAY); Water Retention (f; PNC).

Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). Not covered (KOM; PHR).

Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). Not covered (KOM; PHR).

Synonyms:

Actions: Astringent (f; DEM); Cardiotonic (f; CRC; EFS); Cerebrotonic (f; CRC; EFS); Exhilarant (f; CRC); Hallucinogen (1; CRC); Hypnotic (f; CRC; EFS); Intoxicant (f; CRC); Narcotic (1; CRC); Poison (f; CRC); Stimulant (f; EFS); Tonic (f; DEM).

Indications: Bleeding (f; DEM); Cancer (f; DEM); Cerebrosis (f; CRC); Cough (f; CRC); Enterosis (f; DEM); Fever (f; CRC); Hemoptysis (f; DEM); Hemorrhoid (f; DEM); Laryngosis (f; CRC); Neck (f; CRC); Pneumonia (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; CRC); Sore (f; DEM); Stomatosis (f; DEM); Typhoid (f; CRC); Typhus (f; CRC); VD (f; DEM).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PHR).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PHR).

Synonyms:

Actions: Alterative (f; FAY); Antiaging (f; AKT); Antiaggregant (1; APA; LAF); Antiandrogenic (1; LAF); Antiallergic (1; ABS; FNF); Antianginal (1; APA); Antiarthritic (f; FAY); Antibacterial (1; HH2; LAF); Anticarcinomic (1; KEB); Antihypoxic (1; KEB); Antiinflammatory (1; AKT; LAF); Antimutagenic (1; LAF); Antioxidant (1; LAF); Antipyretic (1; HH2); Antiseptic (1; HH2); Antispasmodic (f; FAY; LMP); Antithrombic (2; KEB); Astringent (1; FAY); Bitter (f; AKT; LMP); Calcium Antagonist (1; KEB); Cardioprotective (1; ABS; FNF); Cardiotonic (1; LAF); Circulotonic (f; AKT; FAY); Fibrinolytic (2; KEB); Fungicide (1; FAY); Hepatoregenerative (1; APA); Hepatoprotective (1; HH2); Hypocholesterolemic (1; LAF); Hypotensive (2; APA; KEB); Lipolytic (f; KEB); Negative Inotropic (1; HH2); Nephroprotective (1; KEB); Sedative (1; APA; FAY; LMP); Swelling (f; HH2); Tonic (f; FAY); Tranquilizer (f; FAY); Vasodilator (2; FAY; HH2; KEB); Vulnerary (f; FAY; LMP).

Indications: Acne (2; KEB; LAF); Alcoholism (1; AKT); Allergy (1; ABS; FNF); Alopecia (f; AKT; LAF); Altitude Sickness (1; DAA; KEB); Amenorrhea (f; DAA; LAF; HH2); Anemia (f; FAY); Angina (2; APA; FAY; HH2; LAF); Arthrosis (f; FAY); Bacteria (1; FAY; FAY; HH2; LAF); Backache (f; FAY); Bleeding (f; DAA); Buerger’s Disease (2; KEB); Cancer (1; DAA; JLH; LAF); Carbuncle (f; HH2); Carcinoma (1; KEB); Cardiopathy (2; ABS; AKT; APA; FAY; FNF; HH2); Childbirth (f; LMP); Cough (f; HH2); Cramp (1; APA; FAY; LMP); Cystosis (f; DAA; LMP); Dementia (1; AKT); Dermatosis (1; LAF); Diabetes (f; HH2); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; DAA; LAF); Eczema (1; LAF); Embolism (f; DAA); Enterosis (1; APA; DAA; LAF; LMP); Fever (1; HH2); Fibrosis (2; AKT; KEB); Fracture (1; KEB); Fungus (1; FAY); Furuncle (f; DAA; HH2); Gas (1; APA); Gastrosis (f; LMP); Glaucoma (1; AKT); Gray Hair (f; AKT; LAF); High Cholesterol (1; LAF); Heart Attack (2; KEB); Hepatosis (2; APA; DAA; FAY; HH2; KEB; MAB); High Blood Pressure (2; AKT; APA; DAA; KEB); High Cholesterol (1; LAF); Hives (f; DAA); Hyperviscosity (2; KEB); Infection (1; DAA; FAY; HH2); Inflammation (1; AKT; LAF; LMP); Insomnia (1; APA; FAY; HH2; LAF; LMP); Ischemia (2; AKT; KEB); Leukemia (f; DAA; JLH); Leukorrhea (f; LAF); Lupus (1; APA); Lymphoma (1; KEB); Mastosis (f; DAA); Metrorrhagia (f; DAA; LAF); Mycosis (1; FAY); Myocardiopathy (1; FAY; HH2); Nephrosis (f; DAA; LMP); Nervousness (1; APA; FAY; HH2; LMP); Neurasthenia (f; DAA); Neuropathy (1; KEB); Osteosis (f; LMP); Pain (f; DAA; LMP); Palpitation (f; DAA; KEB); Parturition (f; FAY); Psoriasis (1; LAF); Restenosis (f; AKT); Scleroderma (2; KEB); Splenosis (f; HH2); Staphylococcus (1; DAA; FAY; HH2); Stenosis (1; APA); Stroke (2; APA; KEB); Thrombosis (2; DAA; HH2; KEB); Tonsilosis (f; FAY); Tuberculosis (1; DAA; HH2); Ulcer (f; LMP); Uterrhagia (f; APA).

Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). Not covered (KOM). Tinctures may cause pruritus, reduced appetite, or stomachache (AHP). Dan Shen increases prothrombin time after warfarin; dangerous to take with coumadin (J. Emerg. Med. 18(1):22). Scarcely toxic (LAF). Extracts (Red Root Sage) — Aqueous extract LD50 = 80,500 mg/kg ipr mus (HH2). (Kyeong- Man; 1999). Inhibition of mast cell degranulation by tanshinones from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. (Planta Medica 65: 654–5; 1999). The author found that four diterpene tanshinones were involved in inhibiting beta-hexosaminidase (an enzyme released with histamine when mast cells are immunologically activated). He also confirmed the inhibition of mast cell degranulation of an allergen IgE response-evoked cell sample. Cells were treated with the tanshinones for only 10 minutes. 15,16-dihydrotanshinone had the greatest antiallergic activity, more so even than quercetin, but less so than clinically used pharmaceuticals such as azelastine and ketotifen. (Kyeong-Man, 1999).

Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). Not covered (KOM). Tinctures may cause pruritus, reduced appetite, or stomachache (AHP). Dan Shen increases prothrombin time after warfarin; dangerous to take with coumadin (J. Emerg. Med. 18(1):22). Scarcely toxic (LAF). Extracts (Red Root Sage) — Aqueous extract LD50 = 80,500 mg/kg ipr mus (HH2). (Kyeong- Man; 1999). Inhibition of mast cell degranulation by tanshinones from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. (Planta Medica 65: 654–5; 1999). The author found that four diterpene tanshinones were involved in inhibiting beta-hexosaminidase (an enzyme released with histamine when mast cells are immunologically activated). He also confirmed the inhibition of mast cell degranulation of an allergen IgE response-evoked cell sample. Cells were treated with the tanshinones for only 10 minutes. 15,16-dihydrotanshinone had the greatest antiallergic activity, more so even than quercetin, but less so than clinically used pharmaceuticals such as azelastine and ketotifen. (Kyeong-Man, 1999).

Synonyms:

Actions: Alexeteric (f; KAB); Analgesic (f; HHB); Anticonvulsant (1; HH3); Antidiabetic (1; PH2); Antiexudative (1; PH2); Antipyretic (f; KAB; SUW); Antispasmodic (1; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB); Astringent (f; SUW; WOI); CNS Depressant (1; HH3; PH2); Depurative (f; EFS; KAB); Diaphoretic (f; SUW; WOI); Expectorant (f; KAB); Fungicide (1; WOI); Hypoglycemic (1; HHB); Insecticide (1; PH2); Nematicide (1; HH3); Tonic (f; SUW; WOI); Tranquilizer (1; HH3).

Indications: Biliousness (f; SUW; WOI); Bleeding (f; KAB); Boil (f; DEP; IHB; SUW); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, mouth (f; JLH); Candida (1; IHB); Cholecystosis (f; HH3; PH2); Convulsion (1; HH3); Cramp (1; PH2); Debility (f; HH3); Dermatosis (f; SUW; WOI); Diabetes (1; PH2; PNC); Diarrhea (f; PH2); Dysentery (f; DEP; KAB; SKJ; WOI); Enterosis (f; JLH); Fever (f; DEP; HH3; KAB; PH2; SUW; WOI); Fungus (1; WOI); Gastrosis (f; PH2); Headache (f; DEP; HHB; PH2; SUW; WOI); Hemicrania (f; KAB); Hyperglycemia (1; HHB); Infection (1; WOI); Inflammation (f; SKJ; SUW; WOI); Metrorrhagia (f; KAB); Mycosis (1; WOI); Nervousness (1; HH3); Ophthalmia (f; DEP; PH2; SUW); Pain (f; HHB); Prickly Heat (f; IHB); Snakebite (f; PH2); Sore (f; IHB); Stomatosis (f; IHB JLH); Swelling (f; JLH; SUW); Syphilis (f; IHB); Toothache (f; PH2); Ulcer (f; PH2); VD (f; IHB); Vomiting (f; PH2).

Dosage: Class 1. In the United States, it is allowable as flavor in alcoholic beverages only (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Contraindications: Class 1. In the United States, it is allowable as flavor in alcoholic beverages only (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Synonyms: Valeriana rubra L.

Actions: Equilibratory (1; PH2); Sedative (1; HHB; PH2).

Indications: Insomnia (1; HHB; PH2); Nervousness (1; HHB; PH2).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (not given) (PH2).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (not given) (PH2).

Synonyms: Digitalis glutinosa Gaertn.

Actions: Adrenal Stimulant (1; MAB); Aldose-Reductase Inhibitor (1; KEB); Antiaging (f; LAF); Antiallergic (1; KEB); Antiarthritic (2; KEB); Antiasthmatic (2; KEB); Antibacterial (1; HH2; PH2); Antidiabetic (1; APA); Antihemorrhagic (1; MAB); Antihepatomic (1; LAF); Antiinflammatory (1; AKT; KEB); Antipyretic (1; KEB); Antisarcomic (1; LAF); Antiseptic (1; HH2; LAF); Antithrombic (2; KEB); Antithromboxane (1; PH2); Antitumor (1; LAF); Bitter (f; KEB); Cardiodepressant (1; FAY); Cardiotonic (1; DAA; FAY); Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor (1; HH2); Diuretic (2; APA; DAA; LAF; PH2); Fungicide (1; LAF); Hemopoietic (2; APA; FAY; KEB; LAF); Hemostat (f; DAA; KEB); Hepatoprotective (1; APA; FAY; MAB; PH2); Hypertensive (1; LAF); Hypoglycemic (1; APA; DAA; FAY); Hypotensive (2; LAF); Immunodepressant (2; HH2 KEB; LAF; PH2); Immunomodulator (1; APA; KEB); Immunostimulant (1; APA; LAF); Laxative (1; DAA); Lipoxygenase Inhibitor (1; HH2); Mutagenic (1; KEB); Nephroprotective (f; MAB); Phagocytotic (1; MAB); Sialagogue (f; FAY); Tranquilizer (2; APA; LAF); Vasoconstrictor (1; DAA; LAF); Vasodilator (1; DAA; LAF).

Indications: Allergy (1; KEB; PH2); Amenorrhea (f; KEB); Anemia (1; AKT; APA; DAA; FAY; HH2; KEB); Anorexia (1; AKT); Arthrosis (2; APA; FAY; KEB); Asthma (2; KEB); Autoimmune Disease (1; AKT; KEB); Backache (f; FAY); Bacteria (1; HH2; PH2); Bleeding (f; DAA; FAY; HH2; KEB; MAB; PH2); Cancer (1; DAA; LAF); Cardiopathy (1; FAY); Cataract (f; KEB); Chemotherapy (f; AKT); Constipation (1; DAA; MAB; PH2); Cough (f; DAA; FAY); Deafness (f; AKT); Debility (f; HH2); Dermatosis (1; APA; FAY; KEB); Diabetes (1; APA; DAA; FAY; HH2; KEB; PH2); Diphtheria (f; DAA); Dizziness (f; DAA; HH2); Dysmenorrhea (f; DAA; FAY; HH2; KEB; PH2); Dysuria (f; DAA); Eczema (2; DAA; LAF; PH2); Enterorrhagia (f; PH2); Epistaxis (f; APA; DAA; HH2; FAY; PH2); Fever (1; AKT; DAA; FAY; HH2; KEB; LAF); Fracture (f; DAA); Fungus (1; FAY; FNF; HH2; LAF); Glossosis (f; MAB); Gray Hair (f; APA; LAF); Gynecopathy (f; DAA); Hematemesis (f; DAA); Hematuria (1; AKT; FAY; KEB); Hemoptysis (f; DAA; HH2); Hepatosis (2; APA; DAA; FAY; HH2; MAB; PH2); High Blood Pressure (2; FAY; LAF); Hot Flash (f; AKT); Hyperglycemia (1; APA; DAA; FAY); Hyperhydrosis (f; PH2); Hyperthyroidism (1; APA; LAF); Hypertonia (f; DAA); Immunodepression (1; APA; LAF); Impotence (f; DAA); Incontinence (f; FAY); Infection (1; LAF; PH2); Infertility (f; DAA); Inflammation (1; AKT; FNF; KEB); Insomnia (f; HH2; MAB); Low Blood Pressure (1; LAF); Lumbago (f; DAA; FAY); Measles (f; FAY); Menopause (f; AKT); Metrorrhagia (f; APA; HH2; KEB; PH2); Mycosis (1; FAY; HH2; LAF); Nephrosis (2; AKT; DAA; HH2; MAB); Nervousness (2; APA; LAF); Neurodermatosis (1; LAF); Neurosis (f; DAA); Otosis (f; HH2); Palpitation (f; LAF); Paralysis (f; PH2); Pemphigus (f; DAA); Periphlebitis (f; DAA); Pollakiuria (f; HH2); Proteinuria (f; AKT); Psoriasis (f; DAA); Rash (f; KEB); Restlessness (f; APA); Retinosis (f; DAA); Rheumatism (2; FAY; HH2; MAB; PH2); Sore (f; DAA); Sore Throat (f; FAY); Spermatorrhea (f; DAA; LAF); Stomatosis (f; DAA); Tabes dorsalis (1; DAA); Thirst (f; AKT); Thrombosis (2; APA; KEB; MAB); Tinnitus (f; DAA; FAY; KEB); Tonsillosis (f; DAA); Tuberculosis (f; DAA); Tumor (1; LAF); Urticaria (2; KEB); Uterosis (f; FAY); Vertigo (f; APA; FAY); Xerostoma (f; HH2; PH2); Water Retention (2; APA; DAA; LAF; PH2); Weakness (f; KEB); Wound (f; FAY); Yeast (1; FNF; HH2).

Dosage: Class 2d. Raw root contraindicated with diarrhea and inappetence; cooked root contraindicated in diarrhea and dyspepsia. Side effects include diarrhea, dizziness, colic, lack of energy, and palpitations (AHP; AKT). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Contraindications: Class 2d. Raw root contraindicated with diarrhea and inappetence; cooked root contraindicated in diarrhea and dyspepsia. Side effects include diarrhea, dizziness, colic, lack of energy, and palpitations (AHP; AKT). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).