Herbal Medicine Reference

Synonyms:

Actions: Abortifacient (f; JFM); Analgesic (f; AAB); Antibacterial (1; AAB); Antiinflammatory (1; AAB); Antipyretic (f; JFM); Antispasmodic (1; AAB); Antiviral (1; AAB); Depurative (f; KAB); Diaphoretic (f; KAB); Diuretic (f; AAB; JFM); Emetic (f; JFM); Myorelaxant (f; AAB); Sedative (f; AAB); Tonic (f; KAB); Vermifuge (f; ZUL).

Indications: Adenopathy (f; JLH); Asthma (f; KAB); Backache (f; AAB); Bacteria (1; AAB); Biliousness (f; KAB); Calculus (f; KAB); Cancer (f; KAB); Conjunctivosis (f; KAB); Convulsion (f; KAB; ZUL); Cramp (1; AAB); Dysmenorrhea (f; ZUL); Dysuria (f; JFM; WOI); Eczema (f; JFM); Edema (f; KAB); Fatigue (f; KAB); Fever (f; JFM; KAB); Fistula (f; KAB); Gravel (f; WOI); Guinea Worm (f; KAB); Hemorrhoid (f; KAB; WOI); Hydrocele (f; KAB); Infection (1; AAB); Inflammation (1; AAB; KAB); Insomnia (f; AAB; ZUL); Jaundice (f; KAB); Leprosy (f; KAB); Leukoderma (f; KAB); Lumbago (f; JFM); Myalgia (f; KAB); Nephrosis (f; JFM); Nervousness (f; AAB; ZUL); Pain (f; AAB; KAB); Palpitation (f; ZUL); Rheumatism (f; KAB); Scrofula (f; KAB); Sinusosis (f; WOI); Smallpox (f; KAB); Snakebite (f; KAB); Sore (f; WOI); Staphylococcus (1; AAB); Sting (f; KAB); Teething (f; ZUL); Tumor (f; JLH); Ulcer (f; KAB); Uterosis (f; KAB); Vaginosis (f; KAB); Virus (1; AAB); Water Retention (f; AAB; JFM); Worm (f; ZUL).

Dosage: Contains “epinephrine adrenalin” (AAB) and mimosine (WBB; ZUL).

Contraindications: Contains “epinephrine adrenalin” (AAB) and mimosine (WBB; ZUL).

Synonyms: Pyrus domestica (L.) Sm., P. sorbus Gaertn.

Actions: Analgesic (1; PH2); Antiinflammatory (1; PH2); Astringent (1; EFS; PH2); Dermabrasive (f; PH2).

Indications: Inflammation (1; PH2); Pain (1; PH2).

Dosage:

Contraindications:

Synonyms: S. mulayanum N. C. Nair, S. orientale L.

Actions: Abortifacient (f; EFS; FEL; KAB); Antiabortive (f; JFM); Antiedemic (f; JFM); Anticonvulsant (f; DAA); Antiinflammatory (f; JFM); Antioxidant (f; WOI); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB; WOI); Astringent (f; KAB); Demulcent (f; EFS; FEL; KAB); Dentifrice (f; DAA); Diuretic (f; KAB; SKJ; WOI); Emmenagogue (f; EFS; FEL; KAB; SKJ; WOI); Emollient (f; KAB; SKJ; WOI); Immunosuppressant (1; HH2; PH2); Lactagogue (f; JFM; KAB; SKJ; WOI); Laxative (f; JFM; PH2); Neurotonic (f; JFM); Propecic (f; DAA; KAB); Tonic (f; KAB; SKJ; WOI).

Indications: Alopecia (f; DAA; JFM); Amenorrhea (f; FEL; KAP; WOI); Arthrosis (f; JFM; KAB); Asthma (f; KAB); Bleeding (f; KAB); Bronchosis (f; JFM); Burn (f; KAB; WOI); Cachexia (f; DAA); Cacoethes (f; JLH); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, eye (f; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH); Catarrh (f; FEL; JFM; KAP); Cholera (f; KAP); Cold (f; DAA; JFM); Condylomata (f; DAA); Conjunctivosis (f; JFM); Constipation (f; DAA; JFM; KAB; PH2); Convulsion (f; DAA); Cough (f; KAB; WOI); Cystosis (f; FEL; KAP); Dermatosis (f; FEL; JFM; PH2); Diarrhea (f; FEL; JFM); Dyschezia (f; PH2); Dysentery (f; FEL; KAB; SKJ); Dysmenorrhea (f; DAA; KAP; WOI); Dysuria (f; KAB; SKJ); Edema (f; JFM); Enterosis (f; JLH; KAP); Gastrosis (f; JLH); Gout (f; KAB); Gray Hair (f; DAA; KAB); Hemorrhoid (f; DAA; KAB; SKJ; WOI); High Blood Pressure (f; DAA); Impotence (f; DAA); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (f; JFM; KAB); Malaria (f; KAB); Mastosis (f; JLH); Menorrhagia (f; KAB); Migraine (f; KAB); Nephrosis (f; FEL);Neurosis (f; DAA); Neuroparalysis (f; DAA); Ophthalmia (f; FEL; JLH); Otorrhea (f; DAA); Proctorrhagia (f; WOI); Pulmonosis (f; KAB); Respirosis (f; KAB); Rheumatism (f; JFM; PH2); Scab (f; PH2); Scabies (f; KAB); Smallpox (f; KAB); Snakebite (f; KAB); Sore (f; DAA; SKJ; WOI); Sore Throat (f; KAB); Splenosis (f; KAB); Strangury (f; KAB; KAP); Swelling (f; JFM; PH2); Syphilis (f; KAB); Urethrosis (f; FEL); Uterosis (f; DAA); Uterorrhagia (f; JFM); VD (f; KAB); Vertigo (f; DAA; KAB); Wart (f; DAA; JLH); Water Retention (f; KAB; SKJ; WOI).

Dosage: Class 1 (Food) (AHP). Not covered (KOM; PHR). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Some people are anaphylactically sensitive to sesame (AHP). While the seeds are rich in oil, they do not contain 97% to 98% fatty oil, as reported in PH2. In vitro, sesamin is immunosuppressant, IC50 = 0.33 μg/ml, cf prednisolone 0.06 μg/ml (HH2).

Contraindications: Class 1 (Food) (AHP). Not covered (KOM; PHR). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Some people are anaphylactically sensitive to sesame (AHP). While the seeds are rich in oil, they do not contain 97% to 98% fatty oil, as reported in PH2. In vitro, sesamin is immunosuppressant, IC50 = 0.33 μg/ml, cf prednisolone 0.06 μg/ml (HH2).

Synonyms: C. microphylla Poir., C. thymifolia Humb & Bonpl. ex Willd.

Actions: Astringent (f; CRC); Candidicide (f; CRC); Hallucinogen (f; CRC); Poison (f; CRC); Rodenticide (f; CRC).

Indications: Candida (f; CRC); Collapse (f; CRC); Diarrhea (f; CRC); Yeast (f; CRC).

Dosage: “Classified as a narcotic hallucinogen (giving flight sensations). The LD50 for the leaves is 3.75 mg/kg, mature fruits 1.55, and green fruits 0.45 mg/kg. Frequent symptoms of intoxication include stupor, vertigo, convulsion. Death may result from asphyxia, respiratory paralysis, and heart failure.” (CRC).

Contraindications: “Classified as a narcotic hallucinogen (giving flight sensations). The LD50 for the leaves is 3.75 mg/kg, mature fruits 1.55, and green fruits 0.45 mg/kg. Frequent symptoms of intoxication include stupor, vertigo, convulsion. Death may result from asphyxia, respiratory paralysis, and heart failure.” (CRC).

Synonyms: A. rigidulus Nakai, A. schoberioides Kunth, Protasparagus racemosus (Willd.) Oberm.

Actions: Alterative (f; DEP; SUW); Amebicide (1; KAP; MPI); Antiaggregant (1; MPI); Antibacterial (1; ABS; WO2); Anticancer (1; KAP; MPI); Antiinflammatory (f; KAB); Antioxytocic (1; MPI); Antipyretic (f; DEP; SUW); Antispasmodic (f; DEP; KAP; SUW); Antitussive (1; FT71:686); Aperitif (f; KAB); Aphrodisiac (f; DEP; HHB; KAP; SUW); Astringent (f; KAB); Bitter (f; KAB); Bradycardic (f; MPI); Carcinogenic (1; WO2); Demulcent (f; DEP; SUW); Depurative (f; KAB); Diuretic (f; DEP; HHB; MPI; SUW); Expectorant (f; KAB); Fungicide (1; WO2); Hypotensive (1; MPI); Lactagogue (1; MPI; SUW; WO2); Laxative (f; KAB); Mastogenic (f; MPI); Respiradepressant (1; MPI); Stimulant (f; DEP); Stomachic (f; KAB); Tonic (f; MPI); Tuberculosis (f; KAB); Uterorelaxant (1; WO2).

Indications: Ameba (1; KAP; MPI); Anorexia (f; KAB); Bacteria (1; ABS; WO2); Biliousness (f; KAB; KAP); Cancer (1; JLH; KAB; KAP; MPI); Cancer, abdomen (1; JLH; MPI); Cancer, colon (1; JLH; MPI); Cancer, skin (1; KAP); Cardiopathy (f; MBB); Cerebrosis (f; SUW); Constipation (f; KAB); Cough (1; FT71:686); Cramp (f; DEP; KAP; KAB; SUW); Dermatosis (f; ABS); Dehydration (f; HH2); Diabetes (f; SUW); Diarrhea (f; DEP; KAB; SUW); Dysentery (f; DEP; KAB; SUW); Dyspepsia (f; HH2); Dysuria (f; KAB); Enterosis (f; JLH); Epilepsy (f; KAB; MBB); Epistaxis (f; SKJ); Escherichia (1; WO2); Fever (f; DEP; SKJ; SUW); Fungus (1; WO2); Gastrosis (f; MBB); Gleet (f; KAB; KAP); Gonorrhea (f; KAB; KAP); Gout (f; MBB); Heatstroke (f; SKJ); Hematuria (f; MBB); Hemorrhoid (f; MBB); Hepatosis (f; KAB; KAP; MBB); High Blood Pressure (1; MBB; MPI); Impotence (f; DEP); Infection (1; WO2); Infertility, female (f; HHB); Inflammation (f; KAB; MBB); Leprosy (f; KAB); Mycosis (1; WO2); Nephrosis (f; KAB; KAP); Nyctalopia (f; KAB); Ophthalmia (f; KAB); Pain (f; SKJ); Pulmonosis (f; MBB); Rheumatism (f; HH2; SUW); Salmonella (1; WO2); Schistosomiasis (f; HH2); Shigella (1; WO2); Smallpox (f; DEP); Spermatorrhea (f; SKJ); Staphylococcus (1; WO2); Thirst (f; SKJ); Tuberculosis (1; PR14:118); Uterosis (f; MBB); VD (f; KAP; PR14:118); Water Retention (f; DEP; HHB; MPI; SUW).

Dosage: Methanol extracts antitussive, IC40 = 200 mg/kg orl mus, IC58.5 = 400 mg/kg orl mus. Contains 4 saponins, shatavarin I to IV. Shatavarin IV is a glucoside of sarsapogenin (two molecules of rhamnose and one of glucose). At doses 20–500 μg/ml, it specifically blocks ocytocin.

Contraindications: Methanol extracts antitussive, IC40 = 200 mg/kg orl mus, IC58.5 = 400 mg/kg orl mus. Contains 4 saponins, shatavarin I to IV. Shatavarin IV is a glucoside of sarsapogenin (two molecules of rhamnose and one of glucose). At doses 20–500 μg/ml, it specifically blocks ocytocin.

Synonyms:

Actions: Abortifacient (f; DEM); Astringent (f; CRC); Depurative (f; CRC); Diaphoretic (f; CRC); Diuretic (f; CRC; DEM); Hemostat (f; CRC).

Indications: Adenopathy (f; DEM); Backache (f; DEM); Bleeding (f; CRC); Cancer (f; CRC); Carcinoma (f; JLH); Cataract (f; DEM); Cholecystosis (f; CRC); Cold (f; DEM); Conjunctivosis (f; DEM); Constipation (f; DEM); Cystosis (f; CRC); Dermatosis (f; DEM); Diarrhea (f; DEM); Dysentery (f; CRC); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC; DEM); Dysuria (f; CRC; DEM); Embolism (f; CRC); Enuresis (f; CRC); Fever (f; CRC); Fistula (f; CRC); Gonorrhea (f; DEM); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC); Incontinence (f; CRC); Lumbago (f; DEM); Nephrosis (f; DEM); Ophthalmia (f; CRC; DEM); Pain (f; DEM); Prostatosis (f; DEM); Pulmonosis (f; CRC); Sore (f; CRC); Stone (f; CRC); Syphilis (f; DEM); Tuberculosis (f; CRC); Urethrosis (f; CRC); VD (f; DEM); Water Retention (f; CRC; DEM).

Dosage: “Classified by the FDA as an Herb of Undefined Safety: Infusion of whole plants used sometimes in dropsical and renal diseases but the diuretic action is very feeble. Cattle overdosed for diuresis have voided blood. Said to have caused poisoning in California. Horsetails are said to develop a powerful nerve poison, aconitic acid. Sheep and cattle are poisoned by grazing the fresh plant; horses, usually by eating the dried plant in hay. It produces, especially when dried, sudden symptoms of weakness and loss of appetite followed, after a few weeks, by loss of muscular control, excitement, and falling, and in acute cases, labored respiration, rapid, weak pulse, diarrhea, convulsions, coma, and death” (CRC).

Contraindications: “Classified by the FDA as an Herb of Undefined Safety: Infusion of whole plants used sometimes in dropsical and renal diseases but the diuretic action is very feeble. Cattle overdosed for diuresis have voided blood. Said to have caused poisoning in California. Horsetails are said to develop a powerful nerve poison, aconitic acid. Sheep and cattle are poisoned by grazing the fresh plant; horses, usually by eating the dried plant in hay. It produces, especially when dried, sudden symptoms of weakness and loss of appetite followed, after a few weeks, by loss of muscular control, excitement, and falling, and in acute cases, labored respiration, rapid, weak pulse, diarrhea, convulsions, coma, and death” (CRC).

Synonyms:

Actions: Allergenic (1; WOI); Antipyretic (f; EFS; FAD; KAB); Antitumor (1; FNF); Depurative (f; EFS); Diaphoretic (f; EFS; KAB; WOI); Diuretic (f; FAD; PNC; WOI); Hemostat (f; EFS); Laxative (1; APA; EFS); Peristaltic (f; APA).

Indications: Bleeding (f; EFS); Bruise (f; DEM); Cancer (1; FAD; FNF; WOI); Cancer, colon (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, eye (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, face (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, skin (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; FNF; JLH); Constipation (1; APA; EFS); Dermatosis (f; EFS; JLH); Diarrhea (f; FAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; FAD); Dysuria (f; PNC); Epithelioma (1; FNF; JLH); Fever (f; EFS; FAD; KAB; WOI); Gastrosis (f; DEM); Inflammation (f; FAD); Metrorrhagia (f; FAD); Nephrosis (f; KAB); Scrofula (f; FEL); Sore (f; DEM); Syphilis (f; FEL); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Tumor (1; FNF; FAD); Wart (f; DEM; JLH); Water Retention (f; FAD; PNC; WOI).

Dosage: Class 2d (AHP). Those with kidney stones should avoid this plant. Oxalates should be avoided by patients with endometriosis and nephrosis. Oxalic acid levels may attain 10–35% of dry matter in some species. The LDlo reported for humans is 700 mg/kg body weight. Weighing 110 kg, my LDlo would be 77,000 mg, or 77 g (more than 2 ounces of oxalic acid) (HOW). Polysaccharides show antitumor activity (ZUL).

Contraindications: Class 2d (AHP). Those with kidney stones should avoid this plant. Oxalates should be avoided by patients with endometriosis and nephrosis. Oxalic acid levels may attain 10–35% of dry matter in some species. The LDlo reported for humans is 700 mg/kg body weight. Weighing 110 kg, my LDlo would be 77,000 mg, or 77 g (more than 2 ounces of oxalic acid) (HOW). Polysaccharides show antitumor activity (ZUL).

Synonyms: Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L.

Actions: Analgesic (f; CEB); Antibacterial (f; APA); Anticapillary Fragility (1; CAN); Antihemorrhagic (f; BGB; FAD; SHT); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; BGB; PNC); Antineoplastic (1; BGB); Antipyretic (f; PNC); Antitumor (1; PNC); Antiulcer (1; BGB; PNC); Cardioactive (1; PH2); CNS Depressant (1; BGB; CAN); Diuretic (1; APA; FAD; PNC); Emmenagogue (1; AHP; CEB); Hemostat (1; APA; PNC); Hypertensive (2; KOM); Hypotensive (2; APA; BGB; KOM); Larvicide (f; CEB); Laxative (f; APA); Muscarinic (2; KOM; PIP); Myostimulant (f; BGB); Negative Chronotropic (2; BGB; KOM; PH2); Positive Inotropic (2; BGB; KOM; PH2; PIP); Oxytocic (1; APA; PNC); Rubefacient (1; CAN); Urinary Antiseptic (f; CAN); Uterocontractant (2; FAD; KOM; PH2; PIP); Vasodilator (f; BGB); Vermifuge (f; DEM).

Indications: Arrhythmia (2; PHR); Bacteria (f; APA); Bleeding (1; APA; BGB; FAD; PH2; PNC; SHT); Bruise (1; BGB; FAD); Burn (2; PHR; PH2); Calculus (f; PH2); Cancer (1; JLH; PNC); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Capillary Fragility (1; CAN); Cardiopathy (2; PHR); Childbirth (1; FAD); Chyluria (f; BGB); Colic (f; CEB); Colorrhagia (f; BGB); Constipation (f; APA); Cramp (f; DEM); Cystosis (f; APA; BGB; PH2); Dermatosis (f; DEM); Diarrhea (f; APA; BGB; FAD); Dysentery (f; DEM; FAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; CAN; FAD; PH2; SHT); Epistaxis (2; BGB; KOM; PH2; PIP); Fever (f; CEB; PNC); Fibroma (f; JLH); Gastrosis (f; JLH); Headache (f; DEM; PHR; PH2); Hematemesis (f; APA); Hematuria (f; APA; BGB); Hemorrhoid (f; APA; CEB); High Blood Pressure (2; APA; BGB; KOM); Inflammation (1; APA; BGB; PH2; PNC); Leukorrhea (f; BGB); Low Blood Pressure (2; KOM); Menorrhagia (2; BGB; CAN; KOM; FAD); Metrorrhagia (2; APA; KOM; PIP); Nervousness (1; PHR); Pain (f; CEB; DEM); PMS (2; PHR; PH2); Poison Ivy (f; DEM); Pulmonorrhagia (f; BGB); Sore (f; CEB); Stomachache (f; DEM); Tumor (1; PNC); Ulcer (1; APA; BGB; JLH; PNC); Uterosis (f; PH2); UTI (f; APA; BGB); Water Retention (1; APA; FAD; PNC); Worm (f; DEM); Wound (2; BGB; PHR; PH2).

Dosage: Class 2b. Emmenagogue and uterotonic. Because of oxalates, patients with kidney stones and perhaps those with endometriosis should avoid; large doses of extract may cause heart palpitations (AHP). Commission E reports none known (KOM; PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). CAN reports isothiocyanates cause irritation. Reported to be abortifacient and to affect menstrual cycle, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. May interfere with blood pressure, cardiac, sedative, and thyroid medications. Toxic doses induce difficult respirations (dyspnea), enlargement of pupils, paralysis of hind limbs, sedation, and death by respiratory paralysis. Isothiocyanates may induce goiter (CAN). Seeds may blister skin (FAD). Parenteral application only (KOM). LD50 = 1500 mg/kg ipr mus (CAN). Antitumor activity due to ubiquitous fumaric acid (PNC).

Contraindications: Class 2b. Emmenagogue and uterotonic. Because of oxalates, patients with kidney stones and perhaps those with endometriosis should avoid; large doses of extract may cause heart palpitations (AHP). Commission E reports none known (KOM; PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). CAN reports isothiocyanates cause irritation. Reported to be abortifacient and to affect menstrual cycle, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. May interfere with blood pressure, cardiac, sedative, and thyroid medications. Toxic doses induce difficult respirations (dyspnea), enlargement of pupils, paralysis of hind limbs, sedation, and death by respiratory paralysis. Isothiocyanates may induce goiter (CAN). Seeds may blister skin (FAD). Parenteral application only (KOM). LD50 = 1500 mg/kg ipr mus (CAN). Antitumor activity due to ubiquitous fumaric acid (PNC).

Synonyms:

Actions: Antibacterial (1; X11137653); Antihepatosis (f; SKY); Antiseptic (1; APA); Antiviral (1; WAM); Hypocholesterolemic (1; APA); Hypotensive (f; APA); Immunostimulant (1; APA; SKY; WAM); Tonic (f; APA).

Indications: Anemia (f; APA); Bacteria (1; X11137653); Cancer (1; APA; SKY); Cancer, breast (1; APA); Cancer, cervix (1; APA); Cancer, stomach (1; APA); Chemotherapy (f; SKY); Cold (1; WAM); Diabetes (f; APA); Flu (1; WAM); Hepatosis (f; SKY); High Blood Pressure (f; APA); High Cholesterol (1; APA); HIV (1; APA; SKY); Immunodepression (1; APA; SKY; WAM); Virus (1; WAM).

Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). No contraindications known (WAM). Safety during pregnancy not established (SKY). High dosages may induce bloating and diarrhea (SKY). LEM used for recurrent stomach cancer in Japan, increasing survival rate, especially in combination with chemotherapy.

Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). No contraindications known (WAM). Safety during pregnancy not established (SKY). High dosages may induce bloating and diarrhea (SKY). LEM used for recurrent stomach cancer in Japan, increasing survival rate, especially in combination with chemotherapy.

Synonyms:

Actions: Allergenic (1; HH2); Antiinflammatory (f; HHB); Expectorant (f; PH2).

Indications: Catarrh (f; HH2; PH2); Chest Ache (f; PH2); Childbirth (f; PH2); Debility (f; PH2); Gastrosis (f; PH2); Inflammation (f; HHB); Respirosis (f; HH2; PH2); Sore (f; PH2); Stomachache (f; PH2); Stroke (f; PH2); Syncope (f; PH2); Wound (f; PH2).

Dosage:

Contraindications: