| English Name | Botanical Name | More Info |
|---|---|---|
| SARSAPARILLA | Smilax aristolochiifolia | |
|
Synonyms: S. medica Schltdl & Cham. Actions: Alterative (f; FEL; PNC; PED); Anabolic (1; APA); Antibacterial (1; APA); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; SKY); Anti-itch (f; CAN; PNC); Antipyretic (f; PED); Antirheumatic (f; PED; PNC); Antiseptic (f; CAN; PNC); Aphrodisiac (f; APA; CRC); Bitter (f; PED); Cardiosedative (f; MAD); Depurative (f; APA; CRC; PED); Diaphoretic (1; APA; CRC; KOM; PH2); Digestive (f; PED); Diuretic (1; APA; HH2; KOM; MAD; PH2); Emetic (f; FEL); Expectorant (1; APA); Fungicide (1; APA); Hepatoprotective (1; SKY); Laxative (1; APA); Tonic (f; CRC). Steroid-precursor starter material for progesterone, testosterone, and other steroids. Indications: Anorexia (f; MAD); Arthrosis (1; APA; CRC; SKY); Asthma (f; MAD); Bacteria (1; APA); Cancer (1; APA; CRC; JLH); Caked Breast (f; MAD); Cardiopathy (f; MAD); Colic (f; MAD); Coma (f; MAD); Constipation (1; APA); Cramp (f; MAD); Cystosis (f; MAD); Dermatosis (1; APA; CRC; KOM; PH2); Dyscrasia (f; MAD); Dysentery (f; PNC); Dyspepsia (f; APA; CRC); Eczema (f; CRC; MAD; SKY); Enterosis (1; APA); Exanthema (f; MAD); Fever (1; APA; CRC; KOM; PED; PH2); Fungus (1; APA); Furuncle (1; HH2); Gas (f; MAD); Gastrosis (1; APA); Gonorrhea (1; APA; CRC; FEL); Gout (f; MAD); Headache (f; MAD); Hematuria (f; MAD); Hepatosis (1; FEL; MAD; SKY); Herpes (f; MAD); IBS (1; PED); Impotence (f; APA); Infection (1; APA); Inflammation (1; APA; PH2; SKY); Itch (f; CAN; PH2; PNC); Leprosy (f; CAN; CRC); Leukorrhea (f; MAD); Lupus (f; MAD); Mycosis (1; APA); Nephrosis (f; CRC; KOM; MAD; PH2); Psoriasis (1; APA; KOM; PH2; PNC; SKY); Pyelosis (f; MAD); Rheumatism (1; APA; CRC; MAD; PED; PH2; PNC; SKY); Roseola (f; MAD); Scabies (f; MAD); Scrofula (f; CRC; MAD); Sore (f; MAD); Sore Throat (f; FEL); Splenosis (f; MAD); Syphilis (f; APA; HH2; PNC; MAD); Tuberculosis (f; MAD); Ulcer (f; MAD); Urethrosis (f; PH2); UTI (1; APA); VD (f; CRC; MAD); Water Retention (1; APA; HH2; KOM; MAD; PH2); Wound (f; CRC). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Can cause nausea and kidney damage (SKY). Avoid large doses for long periods (SKY). Unapproved by Commission E (KOM). Steroids used for arthrosis, dysmenorrhea, menopause, and PMS. Commission E reports for the root that gastric and renal toxicity, as well as drug interactions, are possible (with bismuth, digitalis, glycosides, and hypnotics) (AHP). Overdosage could lead to European cholera, shock, and worsened diuresis, among other things (PHR). Blumenthal editorially questions the Commission E claim for gastric irritation due to saponin content (KOM). Commission E reminds us of another problem, saponins can increase the availability of simultaneously administered drugs, while hastening the elimination of other drugs (e.g., hypnotics). In view of the lack of toxicological data, excessive use should be avoided. There are no known problems with the use of sarsaparilla during pregnancy and lactation. Sarsaparilla saponins have been used in the partial synthesis of cortisone and other steroids (CAN). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Can cause nausea and kidney damage (SKY). Avoid large doses for long periods (SKY). Unapproved by Commission E (KOM). Steroids used for arthrosis, dysmenorrhea, menopause, and PMS. Commission E reports for the root that gastric and renal toxicity, as well as drug interactions, are possible (with bismuth, digitalis, glycosides, and hypnotics) (AHP). Overdosage could lead to European cholera, shock, and worsened diuresis, among other things (PHR). Blumenthal editorially questions the Commission E claim for gastric irritation due to saponin content (KOM). Commission E reminds us of another problem, saponins can increase the availability of simultaneously administered drugs, while hastening the elimination of other drugs (e.g., hypnotics). In view of the lack of toxicological data, excessive use should be avoided. There are no known problems with the use of sarsaparilla during pregnancy and lactation. Sarsaparilla saponins have been used in the partial synthesis of cortisone and other steroids (CAN). |
||
| SASSAFRAS | Sassafras albidum | |
|
Synonyms: Laurus albida Nutt., Sassafras officinale Nees & C. H. Eberm., S. variifolium (Salisb.) Kuntze. Actions: Alterative (f; CRC); Analgesic (f; CRC); Antialcoholic (f; CRC); Antidermatitic (f; DAW); Antipyretic (1; CAN); Antirheumatic (f; PNC); Antiseptic (1; APA;CRC; PNC); Ataxigenic (1; CAN); Carcinogenic (1; CRC; FAD); Carminative (f; CRC; PNC); CNS Depressant (1; CAN); Demulcent (1; CRC); Depurative (f; CRC; FAD; PH2; TAD); Diaphoretic (f; AHP; APA; CRC; PNC); Diuretic (1; CAN; PHR; PH2; PNC); Emetic (f; DEM); Emmenagogue (f; CRC); Hepatotoxic (1; CRC); Nephrotoxic (1; PH2); Pediculicide (1; APA; CAN; CRC); Stimulant (f; CRC); Tonic (f; DEM); Tumorigenic (1; APA); Vermicide (f; CRC). Indications: Acne (f; APA; CRC); Ague (f; DEM); Alcoholism (f; CRC); Anorexia (f; DEM); Arthrosis (f; FAD; SPI); Bronchosis (f; APA; CRC; FAD); Bruise (f; CRC; DEM; FEL); Burn (f; DEM); Cancer (f; CRC); Cancer, bone (f; JLH); Cataract (f; DEM); Catarrh (f; CRC; PHR); Childbirth (f; DEM; FEL); Cold (f; DEM; FAD); Conjunctivosis (f; CRC); Constipation (f; DEM; SPI); Cough (f; DEM); Cystosis (f; DEM; FEL); Dermatosis (f; APA; CRC; DAW; FAD; PH2); Diarrhea (f; DEM); Dropsy (f; CRC); Dysentery (f; CRC); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC; FEL); Dyspepsia (f; DEM); Dysuria (f; DEM); Enterosis (f; FAD; FEL); Fever (1; AHP; APA; CAN; CRC; DEM; FAD; PNC); Flu (f; APA); Gallstone (f; DEM); Gangrene (f; FEL); Gas (f; CRC; PNC); Gastrosis (f; CRC; SPI); Gleet (f; CRC; FEL); Gonorrhea (f; CRC; FEL); Gout (f; APA; FAD; HH2); Gravel (f; SPI); Heart (f; DEM); Hepatosis (f; FAD; SPI); High Blood Pressure (f; APA; CRC; FAD); Impotence (f; DEM); Infertility (f; SPI); Inflammation (f; CRC; PH2); Mastosis (f; APA); Measles (f; APA; CRC; DEM); Mucososis (f; PH2); Nausea (f; DEM); Nephrosis (f; CRC; FAD; FEL); Obesity (f; DEM); Ophthalmia (f; CRC; DEM; FAD; FEL); Osteosarcoma (f; JLH); Pain (f; APA; CAN; CRC; DEM); Parotosis (f; CRC); Pneumonia (f; CRC); Poison Ivy (f; APA; FEL); Puerperium (f; APA); Pulmonosis (f; FAD); Rash (f; DEM); Respirosis (f; CRC; HH2); Rheumatism (f; APA; CAN; FAD; FEL; HH2; PH2; PNC); Scarlet Fever (f; DEM); Scrofula (f; FEL); Sore (f; DEM); Sore Throat (f; DEM); Sprain (f; CRC; FEL); Stomachache (f; DEM; FAD); Stone (f; SPI); Swelling (f; CRC; DEM; FEL); Syphilis (f; APA; CRC; FEL; PHR; PH2); Tapeworm (f; DEM); Typhus (f; CRC); UTI (f; PHR; PH2); VD (f; CRC; PH2); Water Retention (1; CAN; PHR; PH2; PNC); Worm (f; CRC; DEM); Wound (f; DEM). Dosage: Class 2d. Not for long-term use. Do not exceed recommended dose (10 g root bark; 2–4 ml liquid extract thereof) (AHP). Sassafras wood contains 1–2% EO, consisting of about 80% of the toxic and hepatocarcinogenic compound safrole; prolonged use is generally discouraged. CAN reports that safrole in the volatile oil is carcinogenic and genotoxic. Because of abortifacient activity of the oil and hepatotoxicity of safrole, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. Even safrole-free extracts have reportedly caused tumors. Major symptoms of toxicity include ataxia, depression, and diarrhea, followed by death within 4 hours to 7 days. Rats with safrole in their diet at levels of 0.25% to 1% exhibit biliary proliferation, growth retardation, liver necrosis, primary hepatomas, stomach atrophy, and testicular atrophy. “Sassafras should not be used, internally or externally†(CAN). Extracts (Sassafras) — LD50 of safrole 1950 mg/kg orl rat, 2350 mg/kg orl mus. HOH and ETOH extracts elicit ataxia, CNS depression, hypersensitivity to touch, and hypothermia in mice. Oil used as an antiseptic, carminative, and pediculicide. Reportedly hallucinogenic. High doses may cause spasm followed by paralysis. Safrole reportedly induces both cytochrome P-488 and P-450 activity, and both induces and inhibits hepatic microsomal enzymes, with activity falling after the onset of hepatic toxicity. Putting the risks into perspective, CAN notes that levels of 0.66 mg/kg may prove hazardous to humans, and a cup of tea may provide nearly five times that much. I prefer my perspective based on Bruce Ames’s Herp Index, in which one learns that sassafras tea for its safrole is 1/13th as carcinogenic as beer for its ethanol. Contraindications: Class 2d. Not for long-term use. Do not exceed recommended dose (10 g root bark; 2–4 ml liquid extract thereof) (AHP). Sassafras wood contains 1–2% EO, consisting of about 80% of the toxic and hepatocarcinogenic compound safrole; prolonged use is generally discouraged. CAN reports that safrole in the volatile oil is carcinogenic and genotoxic. Because of abortifacient activity of the oil and hepatotoxicity of safrole, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. Even safrole-free extracts have reportedly caused tumors. Major symptoms of toxicity include ataxia, depression, and diarrhea, followed by death within 4 hours to 7 days. Rats with safrole in their diet at levels of 0.25% to 1% exhibit biliary proliferation, growth retardation, liver necrosis, primary hepatomas, stomach atrophy, and testicular atrophy. “Sassafras should not be used, internally or externally†(CAN). Extracts (Sassafras) — LD50 of safrole 1950 mg/kg orl rat, 2350 mg/kg orl mus. HOH and ETOH extracts elicit ataxia, CNS depression, hypersensitivity to touch, and hypothermia in mice. Oil used as an antiseptic, carminative, and pediculicide. Reportedly hallucinogenic. High doses may cause spasm followed by paralysis. Safrole reportedly induces both cytochrome P-488 and P-450 activity, and both induces and inhibits hepatic microsomal enzymes, with activity falling after the onset of hepatic toxicity. Putting the risks into perspective, CAN notes that levels of 0.66 mg/kg may prove hazardous to humans, and a cup of tea may provide nearly five times that much. I prefer my perspective based on Bruce Ames’s Herp Index, in which one learns that sassafras tea for its safrole is 1/13th as carcinogenic as beer for its ethanol. |
||
| SASSY BARK, ORDEAL TREE | Erythrophleum suaveolens | |
|
Synonyms: Erythrophleum guineense G. Don, Fillaea suaveolens Guill. & Perr. Actions: Allergenic (1; WBB); Analgesic (1; WBB); Anesthetic (1; CRC; WBB); Antidote (f; WBB); Antipyretic (f; EFS); Antiseptic (1; WBB); Astringent (f; CRC; EFS); Cardiotonic (f; CRC; EFS; WBB); Chronotropic (1; ZUL); Convulsant (1; CRC); Diuretic (f; EFS); Emetic (f; CRC; WBB); Hemolytic (1; WBB); Hydragogue (f; EFS); Hypotensive (1; ZUL); Inotropic (1; ZUL); Laxative (f; CRC; EFS; WBB); Molluscicide (1; ZUL); Narcotic (f; EFS); Piscicide (1; WBB); Poison (1; CRC; EFS); Rodenticide (1; WBB); Sedative (f; EFS); Sialagogue (1; WBB); Spasmogenic (1; ZUL); Sternutator (f; CRC; WBB); Stimulant (f; EFS); Uterotonic (1; WBB); Vermifuge (f; CRC). Indications: Bite (f; WBB); Cold (f; WBB); Colic (f; CRC); Constipation (f; CRC; EFS; WBB); Dermatosis (f; CRC; WBB); Diarrhea (f; CRC); Dysentery (f; CRC); Dyspnea (f; CRC); Fever (f; EFS); Headache (f; CRC; WBB); High Blood Pressure (1; ZUL); Infection (1; WBB); Insomnia (f; EFS); Nervousness (f; EFS); Ophthalmia (f; CRC); Pain (1; CRC; WBB); Rheumatism (f; CRC; WBB); Snakebite (f; CRC); Water Retention (f; EFS); Worm (f; CRC). Dosage: “Highly toxic; in humans leading to a primary slowing of the heart followed by acceleration, dyspnea with labored respiration, and death due to respiratory arrest. Workers may develop a dermatosis from handling the wood, tall, fair men being more susceptible than short, dark ones. The erythrophleum alkaloids are said to be powerfully analgesic to the mucosa and generally more potent than cocaine. With a marked stimulant effect on isolated rabbit uterus, erythrophleine has been suggested as a devitalizing agent in dentistry. Cassaidine has convulsant activity. Erythrophleine and homophleine have some degree of hemolytic activity. All the alkaloids are said to be strongly antiseptic, especially cassaidine†(CRC). Contraindications: “Highly toxic; in humans leading to a primary slowing of the heart followed by acceleration, dyspnea with labored respiration, and death due to respiratory arrest. Workers may develop a dermatosis from handling the wood, tall, fair men being more susceptible than short, dark ones. The erythrophleum alkaloids are said to be powerfully analgesic to the mucosa and generally more potent than cocaine. With a marked stimulant effect on isolated rabbit uterus, erythrophleine has been suggested as a devitalizing agent in dentistry. Cassaidine has convulsant activity. Erythrophleine and homophleine have some degree of hemolytic activity. All the alkaloids are said to be strongly antiseptic, especially cassaidine†(CRC). |
||
| SAUSAGE TREE | Kigelia africana | |
|
Synonyms: Crescentia pinnata Jacq., Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) DC. Actions: Antibacterial (1; ZUL); Anticonvulsant (1; ZUL); Antiseptic (1; ZUL); Candidicide (1; ZUL); Laxative (1; ZUL); Vesicant (1; ZUL). Indications: Acne (f; ZUL); Bacteria (1; ZUL); Cancer (1; FNF; ZUL); Candida (1; ZUL); Constipation (1; ZUL); Convulsion (1; ZUL); Dysentery (f; VVG); Gastrosis (f; ZUL); Hyperkeratosis (f; ZUL); Infection (1; ZUL); Micromastia (f; ZUL); Micropenility (f; ZUL); Rheumatism (f; VVG; ZUL); Sore (f; VVG; ZUL); Syphilis (f; ZUL); Ulcer (f; VVG); Wart (f; ZUL); Yeast (1; ZUL). Dosage: Contraindications: |
||
| SAVIN | Juniperus sabina | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Abortifacient (f; CRC; HHB); Anticancer (1; PH2); Antineoplastic (1; PHR; PH2); Antiviral (1; PHR; PH2); Diuretic (1; CEB; CRC; PH2); Emmenagogue (f; CRC; HHB; PH2); Hemostat (f; CRC); Irritant (1; PH2); Poison (1; CRC); Rubefacient (1; PHR; PH2); Uterotonic (f; CRC); Vermifuge (f; CEB; CRC). Indications: Alopecia (f; CRC); Amenorrhea (f; CEB); Arthrosis (f; CRC; HHB); Bleeding (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; FNF; JLH; PH2); Cancer, breast (1; JLH); Cancer, face (1; JLH); Cancer, genital (1; JLH); Cancer, liver (1; JLH); Cancer, neck (1; JLH); Cancer, nose (1; JLH); Cancer, spleen (1; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; JLH); Childbirth (f; CRC); Cold (f; CEB); Colic (f; CRC; HHB);Condyloma (1; CRC; FNF); Corn (f; JLH); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC; HHB); Dysuria (f; CRC); Felon (f; JLH); Fibroid (f; JLH); Freckle (f; CEB); Gonorrhea (f; CRC; HHB); Gout (f; CRC; HHB; PH2); Headache (f; CEB); Hepatosis (f; JLH); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (f; CEB); Inflammation (f; PH2); Leukorrhea (f; CRC); Metrorrhagia (f; PH2); Metrosis (f; JLH); Miscarriage (f; CEB); Neuralgia (f; CRC); Paralysis (f; CRC); Pediculosis (f; CRC); Periosteosis (f; CRC); Polyp (f; CRC; JLH); Rheumatism (f; CRC; HHB); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Sore (f; CEB; JLH); Splenosis (f; JLH); Strangury (f; CRC); Swelling (f; JLH); Tumor (f; JLH); Ulcer (f; JLH); VD (1; CRC; FNF); Urogenitosis (f; PH2); Uterosis (f; JLH); Virus (1; PHR; PH2); Wart (1; CRC; JLH; PH2); Water Retention (1; CEB; CRC; HHB; PH2); Worm (f; CEB; CRC); Wound (f; CEB). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). Oil irritant, in large doses a powerful poison; six drachms will kill a dog if retained in the stomach. Believed by the vulgar to possess the power of inducing miscarriage, and is sometimes taken by them for perpetrating this crime, bringing life into extreme danger (CEB). Even external application is dangerous, causing blisters, irritation, necrosis, and dermal poisoning (PH2). Attempts at abortion are often fatal, with arrhythmia, cramping, hematuria, kidney problems, paralysis, queasiness, and unconsciousness (PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). Oil irritant, in large doses a powerful poison; six drachms will kill a dog if retained in the stomach. Believed by the vulgar to possess the power of inducing miscarriage, and is sometimes taken by them for perpetrating this crime, bringing life into extreme danger (CEB). Even external application is dangerous, causing blisters, irritation, necrosis, and dermal poisoning (PH2). Attempts at abortion are often fatal, with arrhythmia, cramping, hematuria, kidney problems, paralysis, queasiness, and unconsciousness (PH2). |
||
| SAVORY | Satureja | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (f; HH3); Anaphrodisiac (f; APA); Antialzheimeran (1; COX; FNF); Antiarthritic (1; COX; FNF); Antibacterial (1; APA; CRC; HH3); Anticancer (1; COX; FNF); Antidiuretic (f; CRC); Antiherpetic (1; HH3); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; COX; FNF); Antioxidant (1; CRC; FNF; HH3); Antiseptic (1; HH3; PHR; PH2; PNC); Antispasmodic (1; APA; HH3; PNC); Antiviral (1; HH3; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; APA); Astringent (1; APA; CRC; PHR; PH2); Carminative (f; CRC; PNC); COX-2 Inhibitor (1; COX; FNF); Decongestant (1; APA); Diaphoretic (f; CRC); Digestive (f; CRC); Diuretic (1; APA); Expectorant (1; APA; PNC); Fungicide (f; APA); Laxative (f; CRC); Sedative (1; CRC; HH3); Stimulant (f; CRC); Stomachic (f; CRC); Tonic (f; APA; LAF); Vermifuge (f; CRC). Indications: Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Anorexia (f; APA); Arthrosis (1; COX; FNF); Bacteria (1; APA; CRC; HH3); Bite (f; LAF); Cancer (1; COX; FNF); Cancer, mouth (1; COX; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; COX; JLH); Catarrh (f; CRC); Cholecystosis (f; HH3); Cold (1; APA; HH3); Colic (f; CRC); Congestion (1; APA); Constipation (f; CRC); Cough (1; APA); Cramp (1; APA; CRC; HH3; PNC); Diarrhea (1; APA; HH3); Dysmenorrhea (f; HH3); Dyspepsia (1; APA); Enterosis (1; APA; PHR); Fever (f; CRC); Frigidity (f; CRC); Fungus (f; APA); Gas (1; APA; CRC; HH3; PNC); Gastrosis (1; APA; PHR); Hepatosis (f; HH3); Herpes (1; HH3); Infection (1; APA; HH3; PNC); Inflammation (1; APA; COX; FNF); Insomnia (1; CRC; HH3); Mucososis (f; HH3); Mycosis (f; APA); Nausea (f; LAF); Nephrosis (f; HH3); Nervousness (1; CRC; HH3); Otosis (f; CRC); Pain (f; HH3); Salmonella (1; HH3); Sclerosis (f; CRC; JLH); Staphylococcus (1; HH3); Streptococcus (f; HH3); Throat (1; APA); Virus (1; HH3; PH2); Water Retention (1; APA); Worm (f; CRC; HH3). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). Applied undiluted to backs of hairless mice, summer savory oil was lethal to half the animals in 48 hours (LAF). LD50 = 1370 orl rat (HH3). An important source of the COX-2 inhibitor, ursolic acid (COX). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). Applied undiluted to backs of hairless mice, summer savory oil was lethal to half the animals in 48 hours (LAF). LD50 = 1370 orl rat (HH3). An important source of the COX-2 inhibitor, ursolic acid (COX). |
||
| SAW PALMETTO | Serenoa repens | |
|
Synonyms: Chamaerops serrulata Michx., Corypha repens W. Bartram, Sabal dealbata hort. ex L. H. Bailey, Sabal serrulata (Michx.) Nutt. ex Schult. & Schult. f., Serenoa serrulata (Michx.) G. Nicholson. For Native American ethnobotany, see EB52:381. Moerman reported no Native American uses. Eclectics (FEL) used it for many of its modern usages, more than 100 years ago. Actions: Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor (2; MAB; PH2; SHT); Anabolic (1; BGB; CAN); Antiallergic (1; APA); Antiandrogenic (2; APA; BGB; CAN; MAB; KOM; PHR; PH2); Anticancer (1; CRC; FNF; EB52:381); Anticatarrhal (f; EB52:381); Anticholinergic (1; PH2); Antiedemic (1; MAB; SHT); Antiestrogenic (1; PH2); Antiexudative (1; BGB; KOM; PHR; PH2); Antihistaminic (1; CRC; FNF; PED); Antiinflammatory (2; CRC; HHB; MAB; PH2; SHT); Antioxidant (f; SHT); Antiseptic (f; EB52:381); Antispasmodic (1; MAB; PH2); Aperitif (f; EB52:381); Aphrodisiac (1; APA; MAB; PED; EB52:381); Aromatase Inhibitor (1; BGB); Bitter (PED); Cancer (f; JLH); Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor (1; PH2); Decongestant (f; MAD; EB52:381); Digestive (f; EB52:381); Diuretic (f; APA; BGB; PNC); Expectorant (f; FAD; MAD); Estrogenic (1; APA; CAN; PH2); Immunostimulant (1; APA; CAN; CRC); 3-Ketosteroid-Reductase Inhibitor (1; PH2); 5- Lipoxygenase Inhibitor (1; PH2); Mastogenic (1; APA; CRC; HAD; EB52:381); Narcotic (f; EB52:381); Nervine (f; EB52:381); Secretolytic (f; EB52:381); Sedative (f; CRC; FAD; EB52:381); Stimulant (f; CRC); Testicular Atrophy (f; CAN); Tonic (f; CRC); Urinary Antiseptic (1; CAN); Uterotonic (f; FAD); Vasoconstrictor (f; EB52:381). Indications: Adenopathy (f; CRC); Allergy (1; APA); Alopecia (2; JAD; MAB); Anorexia (f; EB52:381); Asthma (f; CRC; FAD; FEL); Bite (f; CRC); BPH (3; FAD; PHR; SKY); Bronchosis (f; FAD; MAD; EB52:381); Cachexia (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; FNF; EB52:381); Catarrh (f; BGB;. CAN; FEL); Cholecystosis (2; PHR; PH2); Cold (f; FAD); Congestion (f; MAD; EB52:381); Cough (f; FAD; PH2); Cramp (1; MAB; PH2); Cystosis (1; APA; CAN; MAB; MAD; PH2); Debility (f; PNC); Diarrhea (f; EB52:381); Dysentery (f; BGB; CRC); Dyspepsia (f; CRC); Dysuria (1; MAD; SHT; EB52:381); Eczema (f; PH2); Edema (1; CRC; FNF; HH2; MAB; SHT); Enuresis (f; PH2); Epididymosis (f; CRC; EB52:381); Frigidity (f; APA; FEL); Gastrosis (f; BGB); Gonorrhea (f; FEL; MAD); Head Cold (f; CRC; FAD); Immunodepression (1; APA; CAN; CRC); Impotence (f; APA; EB52:381); Infertility (f; EB52:381); Inflammation (2; APA; CRC; FAD; HHB; MAB; PH2; SHT); Insomnia (f; CRC; FAD; EB52:381); Laryngosis (f; FEL); Leukorrhea (f; MAD); Mastosis (f; PH2); Micromastia (1; CRC; HAD; JAD; EB52:381); Migraine (f; FAD); Mucososis (f; CRC; FAD; EB52:381); Nephrosis (f; EB52:381); Nervousness (f; CRC; FAD; EB52:381); Orchosis (f; CAN; MAB; PH2); Pain (f; FEL; MAD); Pertussis (f; FEL); Phthisis (f; FEL; MAD); Polyuria (f; SHT); Prostatosis (2; APA; FAD; PHR; SHT); Pulmonosis (f; FEL); Respirosis (f; CRC); Snakebite (f; CRC); Sore Throat (f; CRC); Sterility (f; APA); Stomachache (f; BGB; CRC); Swelling (1; HH2; MAB; SHT); Tenesmus (f; FEL); Testicular Atrophy (f; BGB); Tuberculosis (f; FEL); Tumor (f; CRC; JLH); Ovariosis (f; FEL); Urethrosis (2; CAN); Uterosis (f; MAB); UTI (1; PH2); Vaginosis (f; FAD); VD (f; FEL); Water Retention (f; APA; BGB; PNC). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Commission E reports no contraindications or interactions for the fruit. Adverse effects: gastric complaints (rarely). As improvement is symptomatic without eliminating prostatic hypertrophy, a physician should be consulted regularly (AEH). May interact with the contraceptive pill, other hormonal therapies, and HRT. “Use during pregnancy and lactation should be avoided†(CAN). 34 of 435 patients completing a 3-year study reported 46 adverse effects, and a dropout rate of 1.8% due to adverse effects. “There are no known contraindications to saw palmetto preparations†(SHT). May interfere with PSA readings after 6 months’ treatment (JAD). If prevention of the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is responsible for impotence as a side effect of finasteride, then this could be a concern with equivalent doses of saw palmetto. Extracts (Saw Palmetto) — Alcoholic extract is estrogenic, probably due to the known estrogenic compound, beta-sitosterol. Hexane extracts competitively inhibits the binding of DHT to cytosolic and nuclear androgen receptor sites. It also inhibits 5-alpha-reductase converting testosterone to DHT and 3-ketosteroid-reductase from converting testosterone to an androgen derivative. It also inhibits edema by inhibiting histamine-induced increase in capillary permeability. Even small doses of aqueous extracts inhibited edema. Antiinflammatory activity accrues to a high molecular weight polysaccharide. An immunostimulating polysaccharide is rich in glucuronic acid (CAN). LD50 StX = >10,000 mg/kg orl gpg mus & rat (MAB). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Commission E reports no contraindications or interactions for the fruit. Adverse effects: gastric complaints (rarely). As improvement is symptomatic without eliminating prostatic hypertrophy, a physician should be consulted regularly (AEH). May interact with the contraceptive pill, other hormonal therapies, and HRT. “Use during pregnancy and lactation should be avoided†(CAN). 34 of 435 patients completing a 3-year study reported 46 adverse effects, and a dropout rate of 1.8% due to adverse effects. “There are no known contraindications to saw palmetto preparations†(SHT). May interfere with PSA readings after 6 months’ treatment (JAD). If prevention of the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is responsible for impotence as a side effect of finasteride, then this could be a concern with equivalent doses of saw palmetto. Extracts (Saw Palmetto) — Alcoholic extract is estrogenic, probably due to the known estrogenic compound, beta-sitosterol. Hexane extracts competitively inhibits the binding of DHT to cytosolic and nuclear androgen receptor sites. It also inhibits 5-alpha-reductase converting testosterone to DHT and 3-ketosteroid-reductase from converting testosterone to an androgen derivative. It also inhibits edema by inhibiting histamine-induced increase in capillary permeability. Even small doses of aqueous extracts inhibited edema. Antiinflammatory activity accrues to a high molecular weight polysaccharide. An immunostimulating polysaccharide is rich in glucuronic acid (CAN). LD50 StX = >10,000 mg/kg orl gpg mus & rat (MAB). |
||
| SCARLET ELDER | Sambucus racemosa | |
|
Synonyms: S. pubens Michx., S. pubens f. xanthocarpa (Cockerell) Fernald, S. pubescens Pers., S. racemosa f. xanthocarpa Cockerell. Actions: Diaphoretic (f; HHB); Diuretic (1; HHB); Emetic (f; HHB); Laxative (f; HHB); Poison (1; HHB). Indications: Abscess (f; DEM); Alactea (f; DEM); Arthrosis (f; DEM); Boil (f; DEM); Bruise (f; DEM); Childbirth (f; DEM); Cold (f; DEM; HHB); Constipation (f; DEM; HHB); Cough (f; DEM); Cramp (f; HHB); Cystosis (f; HHB); Dermatosis (f; DEM); Diarrhea (f; DEM); Dysentery (f; DEM); Dyspnea (f; DEM); Erysipelas (f; DEM); Fever (f; HHB); Foot Ache (f; DEM); Gastrosis (f; DEM); Infection (f; DEM); Leg Ache (f; DEM); Myalgia (f; DEM); Nephrosis (f; DEM); Neurosis (f; DEM); Pain (f; DEM); Rheumatism (f; DEM); Sore (f; DEM); Stomachache (f; DEM); Swelling (f; DEM); Toothache (f; DEM); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Water Retention (1; HHB); Wound (f; DEM). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2). Probably has same symptoms as reported from overdoses of S. ebulus. Symptoms with S. ebulus include bloody diarrhea, coma, cyanosis, dizziness, headache, hematochezia, mydriasis, nausea, oral pain, and vomiting (HHB; MAD; PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2). Probably has same symptoms as reported from overdoses of S. ebulus. Symptoms with S. ebulus include bloody diarrhea, coma, cyanosis, dizziness, headache, hematochezia, mydriasis, nausea, oral pain, and vomiting (HHB; MAD; PH2). |
||
| SCARLET PIMPERNEL | Anagallis arvensis | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Antidote, fish (f; PH2); Antiseptic (1; PH2); Antiviral (1; PH2); Diaphoretic (f; GMH; WO2); Diuretic (f; GMH; PH2); Estrogenic (1; PH2); Expectorant (f; WO2); Fungicide (1; PH2; X10680445); Hemolytic (1; PH2); Herbicide (1; WO3); Hirudifuge (1; WO2); Hypotensive (1; WO2); Laxative (1; PH2); Narcotic (f; PH2); Nematicide (1; WO2); Oxytocic (1; PH2); Piscicide (1; WO2); Spermicide (1; PH2); Taenicide (1; PH2); Uterocontractant (1; PH2); Vulnerary (f; WO2). Indications: Arthrosis (f; PH2); Bleeding (1; PH2); Bite (f; GMH; PH2); Cancer (f; PH2); Cerebrosis (f; WO2); Constipation (1; PH2); Depression (f; GMH; PH2); Dermatosis (f; PH2); Diphtheria (1; WO3); Dropsy (f; PH2; WO2); Dysmenorrhea (f; PH2); Edema (f; PH2); Epilepsy (f; GMH); Fever (f; GMH; WO2); Fungus (1; PH2; X10680445); Gonorrhea (f; DEM); Gout (f; WO2); Hemorrhoid (f; PH2); Herpes (1; PH2; X2825589); Hepatosis (f; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; WO2); Infection (1; PH2; X10680445); Itch (f; PH2); Keratosis (1; WO3); Leprosy (f; WO2); Mania (f; GMH; WO2); Mucososis (f; PH2); Mycosis (1; PH2; X10680445); Nephrosis (f; PH2); Ophthalmia (1; GMH; WO3); Pain (f; PH2); Polio (1; PH2; X2825589); Rabies (f; WO2); Rheumatism (f; GMH); Splenosis (f; GMH); Sting (f; GMH); Swelling (f; PH2); Tapeworm (1; PH2); Tuberculosis (f; GMH); UTI (f; PH2); VD (f; DEM); Virus (1; PH2; X2825589); Wart (f; PH2); Water Retention (f; GMH; PH2); Worm (1; PH2; WO2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Cucurbitacins could eventually generate GI problems or nephrosis (PH2). The aromatic oil, if taken internally, can cause headache and nausea (WO2). Of 22 plant extracts tested against Microsporium canis, pimpernel was most potent (IC90, 100–15 μg/ml) (X10680445). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Cucurbitacins could eventually generate GI problems or nephrosis (PH2). The aromatic oil, if taken internally, can cause headache and nausea (WO2). Of 22 plant extracts tested against Microsporium canis, pimpernel was most potent (IC90, 100–15 μg/ml) (X10680445). |
||
| SCARLET POPPY | Papaver bracteatum | |
|
Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (1; CRC); Antinarcotic (1; CRC); Antitussive (f; CRC); Aphrodisiac (1; CRC); Sedative (f; CRC); Tranquilizer (f; CRC). Indications: Addiction (1; CRC); Insomnia (f; CRC); Nervousness (f; CRC); Pain (1; CRC); Schizophrenia (1; CRC); Withdrawal (1; CRC). Dosage: Contraindications: |
||