| English Name | Botanical Name | More Info |
|---|---|---|
| BLACK COHOSH | Actaea racemosa | |
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Synonyms: Cimicifuga racemosa Actions: Alterative (f; CRC; PED); Analgesic (f; DEM); Antibacterial (f; APA); Antidotal (f; CRC); Antiinflammatory (f; CRC; PNC); Antipyretic (1; PNC); Antirheumatic (1; MAB; PED); Antiserotonin (1; MAB); Antispasmodic (1; MAB; PED; PNC); Antitumor-Proliferation (1; MAB); Antitussive (f; CAN; CRC); Antiulcer (1; PNC); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC); Astringent (1; CRC; DEM; PED); Bitter (1; HHB; PED); CNS-Depressant (1; PNC); Depurative (f; DEM); Diaphoretic (f; CRC; PED); Diuretic (f; APA; PED; PNC); Emmenagogue (1; CRC; PED; PNC); Estrogenic (2; KOM; MAB; PED; PH2); Expectorant (f; APA; CRC; PED); Hypoglycemic (1; APA; CRC; PNC); Hypotensive (1; APA; MAB; PNC); Immunodepressant (1; MAB); Lactagogue (f; DEM); Mucolytic (f; APA); Narcotic (f; CRC); Peripheral Vasodilator (2; CAN; CRC; PNC); Sedative (1; FAD; CAN; CRC); Stomachic (f; CRC); Luteinizing-Hormone Suppressant (2; APA; KOM); Tonic (f; CRC; DEM; HHB); Tranquilizer (f; APA); Uterocontractant (1; PED); Uterotonic (1; MAB). Indications: Adenopathy (f; JLH); Amenorrhea (1; CRC; MAB); Arthrosis (f; CAN; CRC; HHB); Asthma (f; MAB); Autoimmune Disease (1; MAB); Backache (f; DEM); Bacteria (f; APA); Bite (f; PH2); Bronchosis (f; APA; CRC; FAD; PED; PH2); Cancer (1; JLH; MAB); Cancer, groin (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; CRC); Cancer, tongue (f; JLH); Chorea (f; CAN; CRC; FAD; HHB; MAB); Neurovegetative Ailment (2; HHB; KOM); Cold (f; DEM); Constipation (f; DEM); Cough (f; APA; CAN; DEM); Cramp (1; MAB; PED; PNC; SKY); Diabetes (1; APA;PNC); Diarrhea (1; CRC; DEM; PED); Dropsy (f; CRC); Dysmenorrhea (2; APA; HHB; KOM; PH2; SKY); Dyspepsia (f; APA); ERT (2; KOM; MAB; PED); Fatigue (f; DEM); Fever (1; CRC; FAD; PED; PH2; PNC); Gynecopathy (f; CRC); High Blood Pressure (1; APA; MAB; PNC); Hives (f; DEM); Hot Flash (1; APA); HRT (2; BGB); Hyperglycemia (1; APA; CRC; PNC); Hysteria (f; CRC); Inflammation (f; CRC; PNC); Insomnia (1; CAN; CRC; DEM; FAD; PNC); Itch (f; CRC); Lumbago (1; CRC; FAD; PH2); Malaise (f; BGB; CRC); Malaria (f; BGB; CRC); Mastosis (1; MAB); Measles (f; PH2); Menopause (2; BGB; MAB; PH2 SHT); Menorrhagia (1; CRC; MAB); Menstrual Problem (2; SKY); Metastasis (f; JLH); Myalgia (f; CAN); Nephrosis (f; BGB; CRC; DEM); Nervousness (1; APA; FAD; CAN; CRC); Neuralgia (f; MAB); Nervousness (1; APA; CRC); Otosis (f; HHB); Pain (f; BGB; DEM; HHB); Parturition (1; CRC; FAD); Pertussis (f; CRC; MAB; PNC); PMS (2; APA; KOM; PH2); Poor Milk Supply (f; DEM); Rheumatism (1; APA; BGB; CAN; HHB; MAB; PED; PH2); Sciatica (1; CAN); Scirrhus (f; JLH); Snakebite (f; APA; CRC; FAD; PH2); Sore Throat (f; APA; BGB; CRC; PH2); Tinnitus (1; CAN; CRC; MAB); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Tumor (1; MAB); Ulcer (1; PNC); Uterosis (f; CRC); Water Retention (f; APA; PED; PNC); Yellow Fever (f; CRC). Dosage: Class 2b, 2c (AHP). No contraindications/drug interactions noted (KOM). I got a challenging letter from German parties with an economic interest in cohosh, asking where I got the cautionary remarks from in my 1985 CRC book. They must really be irritated by what follows: Commission E reports occasional gastric complaints. Not to be used for more than 6 months (AEH). With prolonged use, may irritate the uterus, cause dizziness, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headaches, joint pains, and lowered heart rate. Can contribute to abnormal blood clotting and liver problems. Can encourage breast tumors. Should not be used by anyone with any type of heart disease or by anyone advised not to take oral contraceptives. “Women taking estrogen therapy should consult a physician before using black cohosh†(SKY). Can cause premature labor. Because of insufficient data, use during pregnancy and lactation is not advised. Should be used only under medical supervision (TMA, 1996). High doses may cause diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea, reduced pulse rate, visual disturbances, and vomiting (CAN). Because of uterine estrogen receptor binding in vitro, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. What they say about black cohosh should be templated and said for every herb, “It has been recommended that black cohosh should only be used in therapeutic doses, and that high doses are potentially dangerous†(CAN). “Canadian regulations do not allow black cohosh as a non-medicinal ingredient for oral use products†(Michols, 1995). Pedersen is not much kinder, “Such constituents as tannins, gallic acid, and pseudotannins, including isoferulic acid, and the salicylates, are irritants to the skin, lungs, and kidneys. The drastic action of the irritant principles in black cohosh are not lethal, but overdoses are characterized by nausea and headache†(PED). Schulz et al. (1998) are nicer to this herb, sold in Germany and America, than the Anglos quoted above. In five studies using doses equivalent to 40 mg/day crude herb, there are no case reports of toxic effects from the herb, and there appears to be no specific toxicity associated with any of its known constituents. Two of the five showed mild side effects (dizziness, GI distress, headache, and weight gain). No other contraindications are known. The duration of use should not exceed 3 months (SHT). Cohosh extract augmented the activity of tamoxiphen (MAB). Finally, let me quote Gruenwald, editor-in-chief of the Herbal PDR, and coincidentally, also editor of the ABC CommissionE translation, because the two versions differ. “No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. An intake of very high dosages of the drug (5 g) or an extract (12 g) leads to vomiting, headache, dizziness, limb pain, and lowered blood pressure.†He’s sanitizing or whitewashing if not ignoring the mild side effects reported in two of the five German studies cited above. He refers to the gastric side effects as adverse effects as distinct from side effects. I detect a whitewash of the cohosh, perhaps well deserved and scientifically accurate. Stay tuned. Extracts (Black Cohosh) — Estrogenic and hypotensive effects reported (AHP). Resin hypotensive (1 mg/kg). Triterpenes hypocholesterolemic. Formononetin binds to estrogen receptor sites, inducing an estrogen-like activity in the body (SKY). Alcoholic extracts decrease luteinizing hormone secretions in menopausal women (SKY). Cimicifugin antispasmodic and sedative (PED) but rapidly converted to an inactive compound when the fresh root is bruised or cut. Formononetin may act as estradiol antagonist (binding to the receptor but not producing an effect) rather than an agonist (binding to and activating the receptor), hence not affecting LH secretion (MAB). Studies of 13 American populations of black cohosh refute the presence of formononetin. Contraindications: Class 2b, 2c (AHP). No contraindications/drug interactions noted (KOM). I got a challenging letter from German parties with an economic interest in cohosh, asking where I got the cautionary remarks from in my 1985 CRC book. They must really be irritated by what follows: Commission E reports occasional gastric complaints. Not to be used for more than 6 months (AEH). With prolonged use, may irritate the uterus, cause dizziness, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headaches, joint pains, and lowered heart rate. Can contribute to abnormal blood clotting and liver problems. Can encourage breast tumors. Should not be used by anyone with any type of heart disease or by anyone advised not to take oral contraceptives. “Women taking estrogen therapy should consult a physician before using black cohosh†(SKY). Can cause premature labor. Because of insufficient data, use during pregnancy and lactation is not advised. Should be used only under medical supervision (TMA, 1996). High doses may cause diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea, reduced pulse rate, visual disturbances, and vomiting (CAN). Because of uterine estrogen receptor binding in vitro, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. What they say about black cohosh should be templated and said for every herb, “It has been recommended that black cohosh should only be used in therapeutic doses, and that high doses are potentially dangerous†(CAN). “Canadian regulations do not allow black cohosh as a non-medicinal ingredient for oral use products†(Michols, 1995). Pedersen is not much kinder, “Such constituents as tannins, gallic acid, and pseudotannins, including isoferulic acid, and the salicylates, are irritants to the skin, lungs, and kidneys. The drastic action of the irritant principles in black cohosh are not lethal, but overdoses are characterized by nausea and headache†(PED). Schulz et al. (1998) are nicer to this herb, sold in Germany and America, than the Anglos quoted above. In five studies using doses equivalent to 40 mg/day crude herb, there are no case reports of toxic effects from the herb, and there appears to be no specific toxicity associated with any of its known constituents. Two of the five showed mild side effects (dizziness, GI distress, headache, and weight gain). No other contraindications are known. The duration of use should not exceed 3 months (SHT). Cohosh extract augmented the activity of tamoxiphen (MAB). Finally, let me quote Gruenwald, editor-in-chief of the Herbal PDR, and coincidentally, also editor of the ABC CommissionE translation, because the two versions differ. “No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. An intake of very high dosages of the drug (5 g) or an extract (12 g) leads to vomiting, headache, dizziness, limb pain, and lowered blood pressure.†He’s sanitizing or whitewashing if not ignoring the mild side effects reported in two of the five German studies cited above. He refers to the gastric side effects as adverse effects as distinct from side effects. I detect a whitewash of the cohosh, perhaps well deserved and scientifically accurate. Stay tuned. Extracts (Black Cohosh) — Estrogenic and hypotensive effects reported (AHP). Resin hypotensive (1 mg/kg). Triterpenes hypocholesterolemic. Formononetin binds to estrogen receptor sites, inducing an estrogen-like activity in the body (SKY). Alcoholic extracts decrease luteinizing hormone secretions in menopausal women (SKY). Cimicifugin antispasmodic and sedative (PED) but rapidly converted to an inactive compound when the fresh root is bruised or cut. Formononetin may act as estradiol antagonist (binding to the receptor but not producing an effect) rather than an agonist (binding to and activating the receptor), hence not affecting LH secretion (MAB). Studies of 13 American populations of black cohosh refute the presence of formononetin. |
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| BLACK CUMIN | Nigella sativa | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Abortifacient (f; BIB; DEP; KAP); Amebicide (1; MPI); Analgesic (1; HAD); Anesthetic (1; HAD); Antiamphetamine (f; MPI); Antibacterial (1; ABS; HAD; HHB; WOI); Antibilious (f; BIB; EFS); Anticancer (1; ABS); Antidote, Hg (f; SKJ); Antihistaminic (1; HAD; HHB; WOI); Antioxidant (1; HAD); Antioxytocic (1; ABS); Antiseptic (1; ABS; WOI); Antispasmodic (1; HAD; HHB; WOI); Antiviral (1; HAD); Aperitif (f; BIB; HAD); Bronchodilator (1; HAD); Candidicide (1; ABS); Cardiodepressant (1; MPI); Carminative (1; HHB; MAD; SKJ; SUW; WOI); Chemopreventive (1; ABS); Choleretic (1; HHB); Cholicomimetic (1; MPI); CNS-Depressant (1; MPI); Contraceptive (f; HAD); Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor (1; ABS); Digestive (f; BIB); Diaphoretic (f; BIB); Digestive (f; DEP); Diuretic (f; BIB; EFS; HHB; MAD; SUW; WOI); Emmenagogue (f; BIB; EFS; MAD; SUW; WOI); Fungicide (1; ABS; MPI); Hepatoprotective (1; HAD); Hypotensive (1; ABS; MPI); Hypouricemic (1; HHB); Immunostimulant (1; HAD); Insecticide (1; MPI); Insectifuge (1; WOI); Lactagogue (1; BIB; DEP; EFS; HAD; HHB; MAD; SUW; WOI); Laxative (f; BIB; EFS); 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor (1; ABS); Pediculicide (f; DEP); Phagocytotic (1; HAD); Protisticide (1; MPI); Respirastimulant (1; ABS; HAD); Secretagogue (f; DEP); Stimulant (f; EFS); Stomachic (f; DEP; EFS); Taenicide (1; MPI); Tonic (f; EFS); Toxic (1; HHB); Uterocontractant (f; KAP); Vermifuge (f; BIB; HAD; KAP; MAD). Indications: Achylia (f; MAD); Allergy (f; HAD); Ameba (1; MPI); Amenorrhea (f; KAP); Anorexia (1; BIB; HAD); Arthrosis (1; HAD); Ascites (f; BIB); Asthma (1; HAD; HHB; MAD; SKJ; WOI); Bacteria (1; ABS; HAD; HHB; WOI); Biliousness (f; KAP); Bite (f; HAD); Bronchosis (1; HAD; HHB; WOI); Bronchospasm (1; WOI); Cachexia (f; SKJ); Callus (f; BIB; JLH); Cancer (1; ABS; BIB; HAD); Cancer, abdomen (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, colon (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, eye (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, liver (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, nose (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; FNF; JLH); Candida (1; ABS); Catarrh (f; DEP; HHB); Childbirth (f; SUW); Cholera (1; MPI); Cold (f; DEP); Colic (f; BIB); Constipation (f; SKJ); Corn (f; BIB; JLH); Cough (1; SKJ; WOI); Cramp (1; HAD; HHB; MAD; WOI); Dermatosis (f; HAD; SUW; WOI); Diabetes (1; HAD); Diarrhea (f; MAD); Dysentery (f; HHB; SKJ); Dysmenorrhea (f; DEP; KAP); Dyspepsia (f; BIB); Eczema (f; DEP); Emaciation (f; SKJ); Enterosis (f; BIB; MAD); Eruption (f; BIB); Escherichia (1; KAP; MPI); Fever (1; BIB; MAD; SUW; WOI); Flu (f; BIB); Fungus (1; ABS; HAD; MPI); Gas (1; HHB; MAD; SKJ; SUW; WOI); Gout (1; HHB); Headache (f; BIB); Hemorrhoid (f; BIB); Hepatosis (f; BIB; JLH; MAD); High Blood Pressure (1; ABS; MPI); High Cholesterol (1; HAD);HIV (1; HAD); Hydrophobia (f; BIB); Immunodepression (1; HAD); Induration (f; JLH; MAD); Infection (1; ABS; HAD; MPI); Inflammation (1; HAD); Jaundice (f; BIB; HHB; MAD); Leprosy (f; SKJ); Leukorrhea (f; MAD); Lice (f; DEP); Malaria (f; KAP); Mycosis (1; ABS; MPI); Myrmecia (f; BIB); Nephrosis (f; HAD); Ophthalmia (f; HAD); Orchosis (f; BIB); Pain (1; HAD); Paralysis (f; BIB); Parasite (1; HAD); PMS (1; HAD); Proctosis (f; SKJ); Prolapse (f; SKJ); Ptyriasis (f; DEP); Puerperium (1; WOI); Pulmonosis (f; HAD; HHB; MAD); Rhinosis (f; BIB); Salmonella (1; HAD); Sclerosis (f; BIB); Smallpox (f; SKJ); Snakebite (f; BIB); Sniffles (f; MAD); Splenosis (f; MAD); Staphylococcus (1; HAD; MPI); Sting (f; HAD; SUW); Stomachache (f; BIB; MAD); Stomatosis (f; HAD); Swelling (f; BIB); Syphilis (f; SKJ); Tapeworm (1; MPI); Toothache (f; MAD); Tumor (f; BIB; HAD); Vibrio (1; MPI); Virus (1; HAD); Water Retention (f; BIB; EFS; HHB; MAD; SUW; WOI); Worm (f; BIB; HAD; KAP; MAD); Wound (f; HAD); Yeast (1; ABS; HAD). Dosage: Contraindications: |
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| BLACK CURRANT FRUIT | Ribes nigrum | |
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Synonyms: Ribes nigrum var. chlorocarpum Späth. Actions: Analgesic (f; SKJ); Angioprotective (1; X3635653); Antialzheimeran (1; COX; FNF); Antiarthritic (1; COX; FNF); Antibacterial (1; PNC); Anticancer (1; COX; FNF); Anticholera (1; PNC); Antiinflammatory (1; COX; PNC); Antipyretic (f; PNC); Antisecretory (1; PNC); Antiseptic (1; PH2); Antispasmodic (1; PH2; PNC); Astringent (1; APA); Depurative (f; EFS); Diaphoretic (f; EFS; FEL); Digestive (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS; PNC); Hypotensive (1; PH2; PNC); Lipoperoxidase-Inhibitor (1; PH2); Vasoprotective (1; PNC); Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor (1; PH2). Indications: Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Angina (f; HHB); Arthrosis (1; COX; FNF); Bacteria (1; FNF; PNC); Bruise (f; PH2); Calculus (f; FEL); Cancer (1; COX; FEL; FNF); Cardiopathy (f; PNC); Chill (1; APA); Cholecystosis (f; PHR); Cholera (1; FNF; PNC); Cold (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Colic (f; HHB); Cough (f; HHB; PHR; PH2); Cramp (1; PH2; PNC); CVI (f; PH2); Cystosis (f; PH2); Diarrhea (1; APA; HHB; PH2; PNC); Dropsy (f; FEL); Dysuria (f; HHB); Felon (f; JLH); Fever (f; EFS; FEL; PNC); Flu (1; APA); Gastrosis (f; PH2); Gout (f; HHB); Hemorrhoid (f; FEL; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; PH2; PNC); Hoarseness (f; FEL; PH2; PNC);Infection (1; PNC); Inflammation (1; COX; PH2; PNC); Mucososis (f; PH2); Pain (f; SKJ); Quinsy (f; KAB); Rheumatism (f; HHB); Sore Throat (f; KAB; PH2; PNC); Stomachache (f; PHR; PH2); Stomatosis (f; PH2); Strep Throat (f; PH2); Water Retention (f; EFS; HHB; PNC); Wound (f; HHB). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). Not covered by Commission E (KOM). None known (PHR). Not covered (CAN). Extracts (Black Currant Fruit) — As a major source of the major COX-2 Inhibitor ([+]-catechin), this might be viewed by enthusiasts as another herbal miracle aspirin (COX). Anthocyanins and polyphenols in berries of several Ribes, Rubus, and Vaccinium spp. have in vitro antiradical activity on chemically generated superoxide radicals. The extracts also inhibit xanthine oxidase. All crude extracts were highly active toward chemically generated superoxide radicals. Ribes nigrum extracts exhibited most activity, being the richest in both anthocyanins and polyphenols. But Ribes rubrum extracts seem to contain more active substances (X1332092). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). Not covered by Commission E (KOM). None known (PHR). Not covered (CAN). Extracts (Black Currant Fruit) — As a major source of the major COX-2 Inhibitor ([+]-catechin), this might be viewed by enthusiasts as another herbal miracle aspirin (COX). Anthocyanins and polyphenols in berries of several Ribes, Rubus, and Vaccinium spp. have in vitro antiradical activity on chemically generated superoxide radicals. The extracts also inhibit xanthine oxidase. All crude extracts were highly active toward chemically generated superoxide radicals. Ribes nigrum extracts exhibited most activity, being the richest in both anthocyanins and polyphenols. But Ribes rubrum extracts seem to contain more active substances (X1332092). |
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| BLACK CURRANT LEAF | Ribes nigrum | |
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Synonyms: Ribes nigrum var. chlorocarpum Späth. Actions: Analgesic (f; KAB); Antiexudative (1; PH2); Antiinflammatory (1; APA); Antiprostaglandin (1; PH2); Astringent (f; APA); Diaphoretic (f; EFS); Diuretic (1; EFS; PH2); Fungicide (1; APA); Hypotensive (1; PH2; PNC); Saluretic (1; PH2). Indications: Arthrosis (f; PHR; PH2); Bite (f; PH2); Bladder Stone (f; PHR; PH2); Cancer (f; JLH); Cold (f; PHR; PH2); Colic (f; HHB; PHR; PH2); Convulsion (f; PHR; PH2); Cough (f; HHB; PHR; PH2); Diarrhea (f; PHR; PH2); Dropsy (f; KAB); Dysuria (f; PHR; PH2); Fever (f; EFS); Fungus (1; APA); Gout (f; KAB; HHB; PHR; PH2); Hepatosis (f; PHR; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; PH2; PNC); Hoarseness (f; PNC); Infection (1; APA); Inflammation (1; APA; KAB; PH2; PNC); Jaundice (f; PH2); Migraine (f; HHB); Mycosis (1; APA); Nephrosis (f; KAB); Pain (f; KAB); Pertussis (f; PHR; PH2); Pharyngosis (f; PHR; PH2); Rheumatism (f; HHB; PHR; PH2); Sore Throat (f; PHR; PH2; PNC); Stomatosis (f; PHR); Stone (f; PH2); Water Retention (1; EFS; HHB; PH2); Wound (f; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (CAN). Leaves not covered (AHP). Not covered by Commission E (KOM). Leaves contraindicated in edema stemming from reduced cardiac or renal activity (PHR; PH2). “A salidiuretic effect is attributed to the drug through a ‘diuretic’ factor that is not clearly defined†(HOC). That’s the only place I have seen it called salidiuretic, but I prefer Tyler’s frequent term, saluretic. Contraindications: Not covered (CAN). Leaves not covered (AHP). Not covered by Commission E (KOM). Leaves contraindicated in edema stemming from reduced cardiac or renal activity (PHR; PH2). “A salidiuretic effect is attributed to the drug through a ‘diuretic’ factor that is not clearly defined†(HOC). That’s the only place I have seen it called salidiuretic, but I prefer Tyler’s frequent term, saluretic. |
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| BLACK CURRANT SEED OIL | Ribes nigrum | |
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Synonyms: Ribes nigrum var. chlorocarpum Späth. Actions: Antiinflammatory (1; APA); Antiseptic (1; PH2); Antispasmodic (1; PH2; PNC); Lipoperoxidase-Inhibitor (1; PH2); Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor (1; PH2). Indications: Alcoholism (1; FNF); Arthrosis (1; APA); Cardiopathy (1; APA); Cramp (1; PH2; PNC); Eczema (1; FNF); High Blood Pressure (1; APA); Infection (1; PH2); Inflammation (1; APA; FNF); PMS (1; APA; FNF); Stroke (1; FNF); Syndrome-X (1; SYN). Dosage: Fruit Class 1; seed not covered (AHP). Not covered by Commission E (KOM). Contraindications: Fruit Class 1; seed not covered (AHP). Not covered by Commission E (KOM). |
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| BLACK DOT, SCURFY PEA | Cullen corylifolium | |
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Synonyms: Psoralea corylifolia L. Actions: Alterative (f; KAB); Amebicide (1; DAA); Antiaggregant (1; JNP7:671); Antiangiogenic (1; FNF); Antiarachidonate (1; JNP7:671); Antiatherosclerotic (1; FNF); Antibacterial (1; DAA); Antifertility (1; FNF); Anticancer (1; ABS; FNF); Anticonvulsant (1; MPI); Antiedemic (1; KAP); Antiestrogenic (1; MPI); Antiinflammatory (1; FNF); Antimutagenic (f; FNF); Antipyretic (1; MPI); Aphrodisiac (f; DAA; DEP; HHB); CNS-Depressant (1; MPI); Deobstruent (f; SKJ); Diaphoretic (f; KAP; WOI); Diuretic (f; DEP; KAB; KAP); Estrogenic (1; MPI); Hepatotoxic (1; MPI); Hypertensive (1; MPI); Laxative (f; DEP; KAB; KAP); Myorelaxant (1; KAP); Nematicide (1; MPI); Piscicide (1; WOI); Progesteronic (f; MPI); Sedative (1; MPI); Stimulant (f; DAA; DEP); Stomachic (f; KAB); Tonic (f; DAA); Tranquilizer (1; MPI); Uterotonic (1; WOI); Vermifuge (1; DAA; HHB; KAB); Vulnerary (f; KAB). Indications: Alcoholism (1; FNF); Ameba (1; DAA); Anxiety (1; MPI); Arthrosis (f; DAA); Asthma (f; KAB); Atherosclerosis (1; FNF); Backache (f; LMP); Bacteria (1; DAA; MAD); Biliousness (f; KAB; KAP); Bite (f; SKJ); BPH (1; FNF); Bronchosis (f; KAB); Callus (f; DAA); Cancer (1; ABS; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; FNF; JLH); Cardiopathy (1; FNF; KAB); Caries (1; KAB);Cholera (1; MPI); Constipation (f; DEP; KAB; KAP); Convulsion (1; MPI); Cramp (f; FNF); Dermatosis (1; HHB; KAB); Diabetic Retinopathy (1; FNF); Diarrhea (f; KAB); Dysuria (f; DAA); Dysmenorrhea (f; DAA; HHB); Elephantiasis (f; KAB); Enuresis (f; DAA); Epilepsy (f; MAD); Escherichia (1; MPI); Fever (1; DAA; KAP; MPI; WOI); Fracture (1; PM62:206); Fungus (1; FNF; KAP); Gastrosis (f; SKJ); Gynecopathy (f; KAB); Headache (1; FNF); High Blood Pressure (1; FNF); Hysteria (1; FNF; MAD); Impotence (f; DAA); Inflammation (1; FNF; MPI); Insomnia (1; MPI); Leprosy (1; DAA; DEP; KAP); Leukemia (1; FNF); Leukoderma (1; DAA; DEP; KAP; LMP); Low Blood Pressure (1; MPI); Lumbago (f; DAA); Lymphoma (1; FNF); Melanoma (1; FNF); Mycosis (1; FNF; KAP); Nephrosis (f; LMP); Nervousness (1; MPI); Ophthalmia (1; FNF); Osteomalacia (1; PM62:206); Osteoporosis (1; PM62:206); Osteosis (f; LMP); Polyuria (f; DAA); Prostatosis (1; FNF); Psoriasis (f; HHB); Rheumatism (f; KAB); Salmonella (1; MPI); Scabies (f; KAB); Snakebite (f; KAB); Sore (f; KAB); Spermatorrhea (f; DAA); Splenosis (f; DAA); Staphylococcus (1; HHB; KAP); Sting (f; SKJ); Streptococcus (1; HHB; LMP); Stress (1; MPI); Stomachache (f; KAB); Swelling (1; KAP); Uterosis (f; JLH); Virus (1; FNF); Vitiligo (f; DAA); Water Retention (1; DEP; FNF; KAB; KAP); Worm (1; DAA; HHB; KAB). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2). Psoralen can be phototoxic. Applications for leukoderma may sometimes cause dermatosis. PUVA (Psoralen + UltraViolet A) treatment for psoriasis increases the incidence of skin cancers. The high levels of genistein and daidzein should possibly be contraindicated in patients with ER2-(+)-breast cancer. Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2). Psoralen can be phototoxic. Applications for leukoderma may sometimes cause dermatosis. PUVA (Psoralen + UltraViolet A) treatment for psoriasis increases the incidence of skin cancers. The high levels of genistein and daidzein should possibly be contraindicated in patients with ER2-(+)-breast cancer. |
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| BLACK HAW | Viburnum prunifolium | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antiabortive (f; FEL); Anticonvulsive (f; DEM); Antidiarrheic (1; APA; PNC); Antispasmodic (1; DEM; EFS; FAD; FEL; LAF; PH2); Astringent (1; APA; FEL); Diaphoretic (f; DEM); Diuretic (f; FEL; LAF); Emetic (f; FEL); Nervine (f; APA; EFS; FAD; FEL); Sedative (1; APA; EFS; FAD); Tonic (f; FEL; LAF); Uterorelaxant (1; APA; FAD; LAF); Uterotonic (f; EFS; FAD; FEL). Indications: Abortion (f; FEL; HH3); Ague (f; DEM); Alcoholism (f; FEL); Amenorrhea (f; FEL); Asthma (f; APA; EFS; FAD); Bleeding (f; FEL); Cardiopathy (f; FEL); Chorea (f; FEL); Colic (f; FEL); Congestion (f; FEL); Convulsion (f; DEM); Cramp (1; APA; DEM; EFS; FAD; FEL; LAF; PH2); Diarrhea (1; APA; FEL; LAF; PNC); Dysentery (f; FEL); Dysmenorrhea (1; APA; FAD; HH3; LAF; PH2); Fever (1; APA; DEM); Enterosis (1; APA); Epilepsy (f; FEL); Glossosis (f; DEM); Gynecopathy (f; DEM); Headache (1; APA); Hiccup (f; FEL); Hysteria (f; FEL); Inflammation (f; FEL); Insomnia (1; APA; EFS; FAD); Intermittent Claudication (f; FEL; JAD); Jaundice (f; FEL); Lethargy (f; LAF); Menorrhagia (f; FEL); Miscarriage (f; APA; FAD; LAF); Nervousness (1; APA; EFS; FAD); Ophthalmia (f; FEL); Pain (1; APA); Palpitation (f; FEL); Paralysis (f; FEL); Parturition (f; DEM; FAD); Singultus (f; FEL); Smallpox (f; DEM); Uterosis (f; FEL); Uterrhagia (f; APA); Water Retention (f; FEL; LAF). Dosage: Class 2d. Patients with kidney stone should use only with caution because of oxalates (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). HH3 notes a CNS-Depressant result of overdose. In animals it takes some 5–7 g scu to cause cardiac arrest (HH3). Salicin has many of the same activities as salicylates. According to WOI, salicin may impart the marked sedative action to the bark, reportedly polymerizing to form an alcohol soluble sedative that is even more relaxant (WOI). Scopoletin, with uterosedative activity, probably works by blocking the autonomic transmission. Pregnant slaves were once ordered to take the black haw to prevent their attempts at abortion with cotton roots (FEL). Contraindications: Class 2d. Patients with kidney stone should use only with caution because of oxalates (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). HH3 notes a CNS-Depressant result of overdose. In animals it takes some 5–7 g scu to cause cardiac arrest (HH3). Salicin has many of the same activities as salicylates. According to WOI, salicin may impart the marked sedative action to the bark, reportedly polymerizing to form an alcohol soluble sedative that is even more relaxant (WOI). Scopoletin, with uterosedative activity, probably works by blocking the autonomic transmission. Pregnant slaves were once ordered to take the black haw to prevent their attempts at abortion with cotton roots (FEL). |
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| BLACK HOREHOUND | Ballota nigra | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antiaging (1; PR14:93); Antiemetic (f; PH2; PNC); Antioxidant (1; PR14:93); Antispasmodic (f; HHB; PH2; PNC); Antitussive (1; FNF; PNC); Astringent (f; EFS; FNF; PNC); Bitter (1; PH2); Bradycardic (1; PH2); Choleretic (1; FNF; HHB; PH2; PNC); Depurative (f; EFS); Detersive (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS); Emmenagogue (f; EFS); Expectorant (1; FNF; PNC); Hypotensive (1; PH2); Nervine (f; EFS); Sedative (f; EFS; HHB; PH2); Stimulant (f; PH2; PNC); Stomachic (f; EFS); Uterotonic (f; EFS); Vermifuge (f; EFS). Indications: Arrhythmia (1; FNF; PNC); Asthma (1; PNC); Bronchosis (1; PNC); Cough (1; FNF; PH2; PNC); Cramp (f; HHB; PH2; PNC); Dyspepsia (nervous); High Blood Pressure (1; PH2); Gastrosis (f; PH2); Gout (f; HHB; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; PH2); Hypochondria (f; HHB; PH2); Hysteria (f; HHB; PH2); Insomnia (f; EFS; HHB; PH2); Nausea (f; PH2); Nervousness (f; EFS; HHB; PH2); Neurosis (f; PH2); Pertussis (f; PH2); Vomiting (f; PH2; PNC); Water Retention (f; EFS); Worm (f; EFS; PH2). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). Because it is reputed to affect the menstrual cycle, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (CAN). Excessive use should be avoided in view of the limited toxicity data (CAN). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). Because it is reputed to affect the menstrual cycle, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (CAN). Excessive use should be avoided in view of the limited toxicity data (CAN). |
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| BLACK LOCUST | Robinia pseudoacacia | |
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Synonyms: R. pseudoacacia f. erecta Rehder, R. pseudoacacia f. inermis (Mirb.) Rehder, R. pseudoacacia f. rehderi C. K. Schneid., R. pseudoacacia var. microphylla Lodd. ex Loudon, R. pseudoacacia var. pyramidalis Pépin, R. pseudoacacia var. rozynskiana Späth, R. pseudoacacia var. semperflorens Carrière. Actions: Amebicide (1; CRC); Antispasmodic (f; CRC; MAD); Antiviral (f; CRC); Astringent (f; CRC; EFS); Cholagogue (f; CRC; EFS); Digestive (f; CRC); Diuretic (1; CRC); Emetic (f; CRC); Emollient (f; CRC; EFS); Laxative (f; CRC); Narcotic (f; MAD); Poison (f; CRC); Protisticide (f; CRC); Sedative (f; EFS; CRC); Tonic (f; CRC; DEM). Indications: Ameba (1; CRC); Catarrh (f; MAD); Constipation (f; CRC); Cough (f; MAD); Cramp (f; CRC; MAD); Dyspepsia (f; CRC); Fever (f; MAD); Flu (f; MAD); Gastrosis (f; MAD); Gout (f; MAD); Headache (f; MAD); Hyperacidity (f; CRC; MAD); Insomnia (f; EFS; CRC); Leukorrhea (f; MAD); Nervousness (f; EFS; CRC); Neuralgia (f; MAD); Ophthalmia (f; CRC); Pain (f; MAD); Rheumatism (f; MAD); Spasm (f; CRC); Toothache (f; CRC; DEM); Ulcer (f; CRC); Virus (f; CRC); Water Retention (1; CRC). Dosage: Contraindications: |
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| BLACK MULBERRY | Morus nigra | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antidote, aconite (f; MAD); Antipyretic (f; BIB; PNC); Astringent (f; EFS); Depurative (f; BIB); Diuretic (1; PNC; WOI); Emetic (f; DEM); Expectorant (f; MAD; PNC); Hypoglycemic (1; WOI); Hypotensive (1; PNC; WOI); Lactagogue (f; DEP); Laxative (f; BIB; DEM; MAD; PH2; PNC); Nervine (f; EFS); Tonic (f; EFS); Vermifuge (f; BIB; EFS; FEL). Indications: Bile Problem (f; DEM); Bleeding (f; MAD); Bronchosis (f; PHR); Burn (f; MAD); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, throat (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Catarrh (f; PHR); Constipation (f; FEL; MAD; PH2; PNC); Cough (f; BIB); Depression (f; DEP); Diabetes (1; MAD; WOI); Diarrhea (f; EFS; MAD); Dysentery (f; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; BIB); Dyspepsia (f; DEP); Enterosis (f; DEM); Fever (f; BIB; FEL; PNC);Gastrosis (f; DEM; JLH); Enterosis (f; DEM; JLH); Hepatosis (f; MAD); High Blood Pressure (1; PNC; WOI); Hyperglycemia (1; WOI); Hysteria (f; MAD); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (f; PH2); Insomnia (f; EFS); Menorrhagia (f; MAD); Mucososis (f; PH2); Quinsy (f; FEL); Respirosis (f; PH2); Sore (f; MAD); Sore Throat (f; BIB; DEP; FEL; JLH; MAD); Splenosis (f; JLH); Stomachache (f; MAD); Swelling (f; BIB); Thirst (f; BIB); Tonsilosis (f; MAD); Toothache (f; BIB; MAD); Tumor (f; BIB); Uterosis (f; JLH); Water Retention (1; EFS; PNC; WOI); Worm (f; BIB; EFS; FEL; MAD). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). Morus alba Class 1. Not covered (KOM). None known (PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). Morus alba Class 1. Not covered (KOM). None known (PHR). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). |
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