Herbal Medicine Reference

Synonyms:

Actions: Anticholinergic (2; KOM; PHR; PH2); Antispasmodic (1; KOM; PH2); Bitter (f; PH2); Cerebrosedative (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS); Intoxicant (f; CRC); Mydriatic (1; EFS; FNF); Myorelaxant (2; KOM; PH2); Narcotic (f; CRC; PH2); Parasympatholytic (2; KOM; PHR; PH2); Positive Chronotropic (2; KOM); Positive Dromotropic (2; KOM); Sedative (1; CRC; EFS); Toxic (f; EFS).

Indications: Addiction (f; CRC); Cholecystosis (2; PHR; PH2); Colic (f; CRC; PH2); Cramp (1; KOM; PH2); Cramp, bile duct (2; KOM; PH2); Cramp, GI (2; KOM; PH2); Cramp, urinary tract (2; KOM; PH2); Enterosis (1; PHR; PH2); Epilepsy (f; CRC); Gastrosis (1; PHR; PH2); Gout (f; CRC); Hepatosis (2; PHR; PH2); Hysteria (f; CRC); Insomnia (1; CRC; EFS); Myosis (1; PHR); Nervousness (1; CRC; EFS); Nymphomania (f; CRC); Pain (1; PH2); Paralysis (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; CRC); Tremor (1; PHR; PH2); Urethrosis (2; KOM); Water Retention (f; EFS).

Dosage: Class 3 (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Commission E reports contraindications, adverse effects, and interactions of belladonna alkaloids (AEH). Contraindications: megacolon, narrow-angle glaucoma, prostate adenoma with residual urine, stenosis of the GI tract, and tachycardia (KOM); interactions: may increase activity of amantadine, quinidine, and tricyclic antidepressants (KOM); side effects: arrhythmia, difficult urination, disturbance of ocular accommodation, dry mouth, hyperthermia, mydriasis, obstipation, reduced perspiration, and tachycardia (KOM; PHR; PH2). High doses can cause compulsive speech, delirium, excitation, hallucinations, manic episodes, followed by exhaustion and sleep. “Lethal dosages include the danger of asphyxiation (for adults starting at 100 mg atropine, depending upon alkaloid content, between 20 to 50 gm of the drug, considerably less for children)” (PHR).

Contraindications: Class 3 (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Commission E reports contraindications, adverse effects, and interactions of belladonna alkaloids (AEH). Contraindications: megacolon, narrow-angle glaucoma, prostate adenoma with residual urine, stenosis of the GI tract, and tachycardia (KOM); interactions: may increase activity of amantadine, quinidine, and tricyclic antidepressants (KOM); side effects: arrhythmia, difficult urination, disturbance of ocular accommodation, dry mouth, hyperthermia, mydriasis, obstipation, reduced perspiration, and tachycardia (KOM; PHR; PH2). High doses can cause compulsive speech, delirium, excitation, hallucinations, manic episodes, followed by exhaustion and sleep. “Lethal dosages include the danger of asphyxiation (for adults starting at 100 mg atropine, depending upon alkaloid content, between 20 to 50 gm of the drug, considerably less for children)” (PHR).

Synonyms: C. scoparius var. andreanus (Puiss.) Dippel, C. scoparius var. prostratus (C. Bailey) F. Hanb. ex. A. K. Jacks., C. scoparius var. sulphureus Goldring, Genista andreana Puiss., Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimm. ex W. D. J. Koch, S. scoparius var. prostratus C. Bailey, Spartium scoparium L.

Actions: Abortifacient (1; PH2); Anaesthetic (1; MAD); Antiarrhythmic (1; APA); Antihemorrhagic (f; CAN); Anuria (f; MAD); Bradycardic (1; CAN; MAB); Cardiodepressant (1; CAN; CRC); Cardiotonic (1; APA; CRC; MAD); Depurative (f; HHB; PHR; PH2); Diuretic (1; APA; CAN; CRC; MAD); Emetic (f; CAN; MAD); Euphoric (1; APA); Hypertensive (1; APA; CAN; KOM; MAD; PH2); Hypotensive (1; PH2); Laxative (f; CAN; CRC; MAD); Negative Chronotropic (1; KOM; PH2); Negative Inotropic (1; KOM; PH2); Oxytocic (1; CAN); Poison (f; CRC); Sympathomimetic (1; KOM; PH2); Tachycardic (1; CAN); Tonic (f; APA); Uterotonic (1; APA; CAN; CRC); Vasoconstrictor (peripheral) (1; CAN; CRC; KOM; PH2).

Indications: Abscess (f; APA; CRC); Ague (f; CRC); Albuminuria (f; HHB); Anasarca (f; MAD); Angina (f; MAD); Arrhythmia (1; APA; CAN; PH2); Arthrosis (f; MAD); Ascites (f; MAD); Bite (f; PH2); Bleeding (f; CAN); Bright’s Disease (f; MAD); Bronchosis (f;PHR; PH2); Cancer (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; CRC; JLH); Cardiopathy (2; CAN; KOM; MAD; PH2); Childbirth (f; APA; CRC; HHB); Circulosis (2; KOM); Climacteric (f; MAD); Congestion (f; CRC; MAD); Cystosis (f; MAD); Diphtheria (f; CRC); Dropsy (f; CRC; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; MAD); Eczema (f; MAD); Edema (f; PHR; PH2); Gallstone (f; PHR); Gingirrhagia (f; PHR); Gout (f; CRC; MAD; PHR; PH2); Gravel (f; CRC); Headache (f; HHB); Heart (f; CRC); Hemophilia (f; PHR; PH2); Hepatosis (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Herpes (f; MAD); High Blood Pressure (1; PH2); Hypotension (1; CAN; KOM; PH2); Hypertony (f; CRC; HHB); Jaundice (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Kidney Stone (f; PHR; PH2); Low Blood Pressure (1; APA; CAN; KOM; MAD; PH2); Metrorrhagia (f; CAN); Myalgia (f; APA; CRC); Nephrosis (f; CRC; MAD); Neurosis (f; PH2); Pain (f; HHB); Palpitation (f; CAN); Psoriasis (f; MAD); Rheumatism (f; CRC; MAD; PHR; PH2); Sciatica (f; CRC; PHR); Scrofula (f; MAD); Snakebite (f; PHR); Splenomegaly (f; CRC; PHR); Splenosis (f; MAD; PH2); Sterility (f; MAD); Swelling (f; APA; CRC); Tachycardia (f; CAN); Toothache (f; CRC); Tumor (f; CAN); Water Retention (1; APA; CAN; CRC; MAD).

Dosage: Class 2b (JAD), 3. Abortifacient (AHP). Bravely, Commission E says no known side effects or contraindications (KOM). A rather heroic herb I do not recommend, like CAN which says, “broom is not suitable for self medication.” Containing tyramine, it should not be used with MAOIs (KOM). Commission E reports flower contains only low level of alkaloids (major alkaloid sparteine), so that toxic alkaloidal effects should not be expected. Contraindications: hypertension; Interactions: MAOIs (the flower may contain more than 2% of tyramine). And as early as 1938, it was contraindicated in acute nephropathy (MAD). Sparteine was reported as a cardiac depressant (CAN). Also contraindicated in cardiopathy and high blood pressure. Contraindicated during pregnancy (AEH). Because sparteine is oxytocic, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (CAN). Here I see the oft-repeated anomaly, a low dose may have the opposite effect (tachycardic) of high doses (bradycardic). Sparteine is more quinidine-like than digitalic, a powerful oxytocic once used to stimulate uterine constrictions (CAN). Sparteine sulphate can produce respiratory arrest (CAN). Sparteine is a negative chronotropic and a negative inotropic. Doses corresponding to >300 mg sparteine (ca. 30 g herb). May induce dizziness, headache, ocular palsy, palpitations, prickly sensations in the extremities, profuse sweating, sleepiness, and weakness of the legs. Flowers may contain 2% tyramine, a hypotensive, sympathomimetic, and vasoconstrictor. German experts consider broom on par with quinidine for arrhythmia (But quinidine is an herbal derivative, too). Madaus mentioned, as early as 1938, that genistein and sarothamnine’s activities were little know at that time (MAD). Ironically, Commission E approves this poisonous herb (Cytisus) for functional heart and circulatory disorders, whereas the PDR (PHR; PH2) indicates Commission E approval of the herb for hypertension (I refuse to add that to indications above, because it is more liable to cause than cure hypertension; I think they intended hypotension as an indication), while contraindicating the herb and flower in high blood pressure. So, it even contradicts itself.

Contraindications: Class 2b (JAD), 3. Abortifacient (AHP). Bravely, Commission E says no known side effects or contraindications (KOM). A rather heroic herb I do not recommend, like CAN which says, “broom is not suitable for self medication.” Containing tyramine, it should not be used with MAOIs (KOM). Commission E reports flower contains only low level of alkaloids (major alkaloid sparteine), so that toxic alkaloidal effects should not be expected. Contraindications: hypertension; Interactions: MAOIs (the flower may contain more than 2% of tyramine). And as early as 1938, it was contraindicated in acute nephropathy (MAD). Sparteine was reported as a cardiac depressant (CAN). Also contraindicated in cardiopathy and high blood pressure. Contraindicated during pregnancy (AEH). Because sparteine is oxytocic, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (CAN). Here I see the oft-repeated anomaly, a low dose may have the opposite effect (tachycardic) of high doses (bradycardic). Sparteine is more quinidine-like than digitalic, a powerful oxytocic once used to stimulate uterine constrictions (CAN). Sparteine sulphate can produce respiratory arrest (CAN). Sparteine is a negative chronotropic and a negative inotropic. Doses corresponding to >300 mg sparteine (ca. 30 g herb). May induce dizziness, headache, ocular palsy, palpitations, prickly sensations in the extremities, profuse sweating, sleepiness, and weakness of the legs. Flowers may contain 2% tyramine, a hypotensive, sympathomimetic, and vasoconstrictor. German experts consider broom on par with quinidine for arrhythmia (But quinidine is an herbal derivative, too). Madaus mentioned, as early as 1938, that genistein and sarothamnine’s activities were little know at that time (MAD). Ironically, Commission E approves this poisonous herb (Cytisus) for functional heart and circulatory disorders, whereas the PDR (PHR; PH2) indicates Commission E approval of the herb for hypertension (I refuse to add that to indications above, because it is more liable to cause than cure hypertension; I think they intended hypotension as an indication), while contraindicating the herb and flower in high blood pressure. So, it even contradicts itself.

Synonyms: P. nigra f. pygmaea (Carrière) Rehder, P. sylvestris f. nana (Carrière) Lipa.

Actions: Analgesic (f; BGB); Antiarthritic (f; BGB); Antibacterial (1; BGB; HH2; JBU); Antieczemic (1; BGB); Antirheumatic (f; EFS); Antiseptic (1; BGB; HH2; KOM; PIP); Antispasmodic (1; HH2); Antiviral (1; BGB); Bitter (1; EFS); Bronchospasmolytic (1; HH2); Candidicide (1; HH2); Circulostimulant (1; KOM; PH2); Decongestant (1; BGB; PNC); Diuretic (f; EFS; MAD); Expectorant (1; EFS; HH2; PNC); Fungicide (1; HHB); Pectoral (f; EFS); Rubefacient (2; BGB; HH2; KOM; PIP); Secretolytic (2; BGB; HH2; KOM; PIP); Vasoconstrictor (1; BGB); Vulnerary (f; EFS).

Indications: Acne (f; MAD); Adenopathy (f; MAD); Arthrosis (f; BGB; MAD); Asthma (f; MAD); Bacteria (1; BGB; HH2; JBU); Blood Pressure (2; PH2); Bronchosis (2; MAD; PH2); Burn (f; PH2); Cancer, anus (f; JLH); Cancer, feet (f; JLH); Cancer, nose (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Candida (1; HH2); Carbuncle (f; MAD); Catarrh (2; BGB; KOM; PIP); Cold (2; PH2; PNC); Colic (f; MAD); Condyloma (f; JLH); Congestion (1; BGB; PH2; PNC); Coryza (f; BGB); Cough (2; PH2; PNC); Cramp (1; HH2); Cystosis (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; MAD; PH2); Eczema (1; BGB; MAD; PH2); Emaciation (f; MAD); Empyema (f; MAD); Epididymosis (f; MAD); Escherichia (1; HH2); Fever (2; PH2); Fungus (1; HHB; HH2); Furuncle (f; MAD); Gallstone (f; MAD; PH2); Gastrosis (f; MAD); Gonorrhea (f; MAD); Gout (f; MAD); Hematuria (f; MAD); Hemoptysis (f; MAD); High Blood Pressure (1; FNF); Hoarseness (f; PH2); Hypochondria (f; MAD); Hysteria (f; MAD); Immunodepression (2; PH2); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; HHB; JBU; MAD; PH2); Inflammation (f; PH2); Insomnia (f; MAD); Ischiosis (f; MAD); Itch (f; PH2); Laryngosis (1; BGB); Lumbago (f; MAD); Mucososis (f; MAD); Mycosis (1; HHB; HH2); Myosis (2; PIP; PH2); Nephrosis (f; MAD); Neuralgia (2; KOM; MAD; PIP; PH2); Pain (2; BGB; MAD; PH2); Pharyngosis (2; PH2); Polyp (f; JLH); Proctosis (f; JLH; MAD); Pulmonosis (f; MAD); Respirosis (2; BGB; KOM; PIP); Rheumatism (2; BGB; EFS; FEL; KOM; PH2); Rhinosis (f; PH2); Rickets (f; MAD); Salmonella (1; HH2); Scabies (f; PH2); Scrofula (f; MAD); Sore (f; MAD); Sore Throat (f; FEL); Splenosis (f; JLH); Staphylococcus (1; HH2; X10857921); Stomatosis (2; PH2); Swelling (f; MAD); Sycosis (f; MAD); Toothache (f; MAD); Tuberculosis (1; HH2; MAD); Urethrosis (f; MAD); Urticaria (f; PH2); Uterosis (f; JLH); Virus (1; BGB); VD (f; MAD); Water Retention (f; EFS; MAD); Wound (f; MAD; PH2); Yeast (1; HH2).

Dosage: None for whole herb. EO contraindicated in bronchial asthma and pertussis (BGB); may irritate mucous membrane and skin, and may increase bronchospasm. No drug-drug interactions reported (KOM; PIP). Only P. strobus covered by AHP. EOs of P. mugo, P. nigra, P. pinaster, P. pumilio, and P. sylvestris are conveniently amalgamated in the literature, convenient because few botanists can tell the pines apart, much less isolated parts or components of the pine, like EOs and turiones. The PDR suggests that Commission E approves pine shoots (turiones), the oils, and the turpentines for blood pressure problems (turiones only), bronchosis, the common cold, cough, fever, neuralgia pharyngosis, stomatosis, and a tendency to infection ( = weak immune system?) (PHR). Pollen is said to contain testosterone (FNF). Only P. strobus is covered by AHP.

Contraindications: None for whole herb. EO contraindicated in bronchial asthma and pertussis (BGB); may irritate mucous membrane and skin, and may increase bronchospasm. No drug-drug interactions reported (KOM; PIP). Only P. strobus covered by AHP. EOs of P. mugo, P. nigra, P. pinaster, P. pumilio, and P. sylvestris are conveniently amalgamated in the literature, convenient because few botanists can tell the pines apart, much less isolated parts or components of the pine, like EOs and turiones. The PDR suggests that Commission E approves pine shoots (turiones), the oils, and the turpentines for blood pressure problems (turiones only), bronchosis, the common cold, cough, fever, neuralgia pharyngosis, stomatosis, and a tendency to infection ( = weak immune system?) (PHR). Pollen is said to contain testosterone (FNF). Only P. strobus is covered by AHP.

Synonyms:

Actions: Antipyretic (f; EFS); Antitussive (f; HHB); Aperitif (f; EFS); Cardiotonic (f; PH2); Diuretic (f; EFS; MAD); Emmenagogue (f; EFS); Expectorant (f; HHB); Laxative (f; MAD); Stimulant (f; PH2); Stomachic (f; EFS).

Indications: Amenorrhea (f; EFS); Anorexia (f; EFS); Cancer (f; JLH; MAD); Cancer, face (f; JLH); Cancer, skin (f; MAD); Cardiopathy (f; PH2); Constipation (f; MAD); Convulsion (f; HHB); Cough (f; HHB); Dermatosis (f; HHB); Diarrhea (f; HHB); Dyscrasia (f; MAD); Fever (f; EFS); Lupus (f; MAD); Nausea (f; HHB); Rash (f; HHB); Scab (f; HHB); Scabies (f; HHB); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Scrofula (f; MAD); Sore (f; HHB; JLH; MAD); Water Retention (f; EFS; MAD); Wound (f; HHB).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Synonyms:

Actions: Antibacterial (1; HHB); Antiscorbutic (1; EFS; FNF; PH2); Antiseptic (1; EFS; HHB); Depurative (f; EFS; PH2); Discutient (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS; PH2); Irritant (1; PH2); Rubefacient (f; HHB); Stimulant (f; EFS); Stomachic (f; HHB).

Indications: Bacteria (1; HHB); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Conjunctivosis (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; PNC); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Epistaxis (f; PH2); Gastrosis (f; PH2); Gingivosis (f; PH2); Gonorrhea (f; PH2); Gout (f; HHB; PH2); Infection (f; HHB); Pain (f; HHB); Rheumatism (f; HHB; PH2); Scrofula (f; PH2); Scurvy (f; PH2); Sore (f; PH2); Splenosis (f; JLH); Stomachache (f; PH2); Stomatosis (f; PNC); Toothache (f; HHB); VD (f; PH2); Water Retention (f; EFS; PH2).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Synonyms:

Actions: Antiaggregant (f; PH2); Antiaging (f; PH2); Antioxidant (1; PH2); Antitumor (1; PH2); Antiulcer (1; PH2); Astringent (1; EFS); Cardiotonic (f; PH2); Hepatoprotective (1; PH2); Ophthalmic (f; PH2); Radioprotective (f; HHB; PH2); Vulnerary (f; PH2).

Indications: Cancer (1; JLH; PH2); Cardiopathy (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; DAA; WOI); Diarrhea (1; EFS); Hepatosis (1; PH2); Infection (f; PH2); Ophthalmia (f; PH2); Pulmonosis (f; DAA; KAB); Sclerosis (f; PH2); Sunburn (f; PH2); Tumor (1; PH2); Ulcer (1; PH2); Wound (f; PH2).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Synonyms: G. evertum O. F. Cook & J. Hubb., G. peruvianum Cav., G. vitifolium Lam.

Actions: Abortifacient (1; CRC; FNF); Astringent (f; CRC); Contraceptive (1; CRC); Diuretic (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (1; AHP; CRC); Emollient (f; CRC); Hemostat (f; CRC); Lactagogue (f; CRC); Oxytocic (f; CRC); Pectoral (f; CRC); Uterotonic (1; AHP); Vasoconstrictor (f; CRC).

Indications: Ague (f; CRC); Amenorrhea (1; CRC); Asthma (f; CRC); Bleeding (f; CRC); Bronchosis (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer,breast (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, nose (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Childbirth (f; CRC; HHB; PH2); Climacteric (f; PH2); Cold (f; CRC; JFM); Colic (f; CRC); Cramp (f; JFM); Diarrhea (f; CRC); Dysentery (f; CRC; JFM); Dyslactea (f; JFM); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC); Dysuria (f; JFM); Earache (f; JFM); Enterosis (f; JFM); Fever (f; CRC; JFM); Fibroid (1; CRC; FNF); Headache (f; CRC); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC; JFM); High Blood Pressure (f; CRC; JFM); Hypochondria (f; CRC); Inflammation (f; CRC; JFM); Laryngosis (f; JFM); Leukemia (1; FNF; JLH); Lymph (1; CRC); Ovary (f; CRC); Pain (f; JFM); Polyp (f; CRC; FNF; JLH); Pulmonosis (f; JLH; JFM); Rheumatism (f; CRC; JFM); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Sterility (f; CRC); Stomachache (f; CRC); Strangury (f; CRC); Tumor (1; CRC; FNF); Uterosis (f; CRC; FNF); UTI (f; JFM); Water Retention (f; CRC).

Dosage: Class 2b. Contraindicated in urogenital irritation or tendency to inflammation; may sterilize men (AHP). LD50 gossypol 10–20 mg/kg ipr rat.

Contraindications: Class 2b. Contraindicated in urogenital irritation or tendency to inflammation; may sterilize men (AHP). LD50 gossypol 10–20 mg/kg ipr rat.

Synonyms:

Actions: Alterative (f; SKJ); Analgesic (f; DEM); Antiinflammatory (1; FNF; JAD); Antimutagenic (1; FAD; X3278214); Antioxidant (2; FNF; JAD); Antipyretic (f; EFS); Antirheumatic (f; SKJ); Antiseptic (1; DAA; FAD; EFS; FNF); Antispasmodic (f; DEP; SKJ); Antitumor (1; FAD); Antiviral (1; FNF; JAD); Astringent (f; FEL; PNC); Bitter (f; FEL); Carminative (f; DAA); Collyrium (f; DEM); COX-2 Inhibitor (1; FNF; JAD); Depurative (f; DEM); Diuretic (1; FAD; KAB); Emetic (f; DEM); Expectorant (f; DEP; SKJ); Hemostat (f; EFS; PNC); Hepatoprotective (1; FNF; JAD); Hypotensive (1; FAD); RT Inhibitor (1; FNF; HAD; JAD); Stomachic (f; EFS); Tonic (f; SKJ); Vulnerary (f; EFS; PNC).

Indications: Abscess (f; DAA); Acne (f; DEM); Alzheimer’s (1; FNF; JAD); Anxiety (f; DAA); Aposteme (f; JLH); Aphtha (f; TOM); Arthrosis (1; FNF; JAD); Backache (f; DEM); Biliousness (f; DEM); Bite (f; TOM); Bleeding (f; EFS; FEL; PHR; PH2; PNC); Boil (1; DAA; DEM; FAD); Bronchosis (f; KAB); Bruise (1; DEM; FAD); Burn (f; DEM); Cancer (1; FAD; FNF; JAD; X3278214); Cancer, breast (1; FNF; JLH); Cardiopathy (f; DEM; KAB); Catarrh (f; PH2); Cold (f; DEM); Colic (f; DAA); Conjunctivosis (1; DAA; FAD); Cornea (f; KAB); Cough (f; DEM; SKJ); Cramp (f; DEP; SKJ); Dermatosis (f; DEM); Diarrhea (1; DEM; FAD; FEL); Dusgeusia (f; DAA); Dysentery (f; DEM); Dysmenorrhea (f; PHR; PH2); Dyspnea (f; DEM; KAB); Enterosis (f; PHR; PH2); Fever (f; DEM; EFS; FAD); Gas (f; DAA); Gastrosis (f; DEM; PHR; PH2); Gout (f; DAA); Graves Disease (1; FNF; JAD); Headache (f; DAA); Hemorrhoid (f; DEM; DEP; SKJ); Hepatosis (1; FAD; FNF; JAD); High Blood Pressure (1; DAA; FAD); HIV (1; FNF; JAD); Hypothyroidism (1; FNF; JAD); Inflammation (1; FNF; JAD; PH2); Insanity (f; KAB); Leukorrhea (f; DAA); Mastosis (f; JLH); Myalgia (f; KAB); Nausea (f; DEM); Nephrosis (1; FAD); Neurosis (f; TOM); Ophthalmia (f; HHB; KAB); Pain (f; DEM); Parasite (f; KAB); Pharyngosis (f; PH2); Proctosis (f; SKJ); Pulmonosis (f; HHB; KAB); Rheumatism (f; EFS; SKJ); Ophthalmia (f; KAB); Scrofula (1; DAA; FAD); Senility (f; KAB); Sore (1; DEM; FAD; JLH); Sore Throat (1; FAD; FEL; PH2); Splenosis (f; KAB); Stomatosis (1; FAD; PH2); Tinnitus (f; DAA); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Tumor (1; FAD); VD (f; DEM); Vertigo (f; DAA); Virus (1; FNF; JAD); Water Retention (1; FAD; KAB); Wound (f; DAA; PNC).

Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Loaded with natural antioxidants, this edible weed contains more rosmarinic acid than rosemary itself.

Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Loaded with natural antioxidants, this edible weed contains more rosmarinic acid than rosemary itself.

Synonyms:

Actions: Aperitif (1; PH2); Bitter (1; PH2); Cardiotonic (1; HHB); Tonic (1; PH2).

Indications: Anorexia (1; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Insomnia (f; PH2).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP).“Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP).“Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Synonyms:

Actions: Antiinflammatory (1; APA); Antispasmodic (f; FAD); Depurative (f; DEM; TOM); Diaphoretic (f; APA; FAD; FEL; TOM); Diuretic (f; FAD; FEL); Emetic (1; APA; FAD; FEL); Emmenagogue (f; FEL; TOM); Expectorant (2; APA; FAD; KOM; PH2; PIP); Laxative (f; FAD; FEL; TOM); Secretagogue (f; FEL); Secretolytic (1; HHB; KOM; PH2); Sialagogue (1; CAN; FEL); Stimulant (f; TOM); Tonic (f; DEM).

Indications: Amenorrhea (f; FAD; MAD); Asthma (f; APA; CEB; FAD; MAD); Bleeding (f; DEM); Blepharosis (f; MAD); Bronchosis (2; APA; FAD; MAD; PH2; PHR); Cardiopathy (f; DEM; FAD); Cataract (f; MAD); Catarrh (2; FEL; KOM; MAD; PHR; PIP); Cold (f; APA; DEM; FAD; TOM); Congestion (f; PH2; TOM); Conjunctivosis (f; MAD); Constipation (f; FAD; FEL; TOM); Convulsion (f; DEM; FAD); Cough (2; PHR; PH2; TOM); Cramp (f; FAD); Croup (f; FAD; FEL; MAD; TOM); Cystosis (f; MAD); Dermatosis (f; FEL); Dropsy (f; MAD; TOM); Dysmenorrhea (f;MAD); Eczema (f; CEB); Emphysema (f; MAD); Enuresis (f; MAD); Fever (f; APA; FAD; FEL; TOM); Hemorrhoid (f; CEB); Hoarseness (f; FEL); Inflammation (1; APA; DEM); Laryngosis (f; MAD); Mucososis (f; TOM); Ophthalmia (f; MAD); Pain (1; FAD); Pertussis (f; MAD; TOM); Pharyngosis (1; CAN); Photophobia (f; MAD); Phthisis (f; MAD); Pleurisy (f; APA; FAD; MAD); Pneumonia (f; FAD; FEL; MAD; TOM); Pulmonosis (f; MAD); Respirosis (2; DEM; FAD; KOM; PH2; PIP); Rheumatism (1; DEM; FAD; MAD; TOM); Smallpox (f; TOM); Snakebite (f; APA; CEB; TOM); Sore Throat (f; FEL); Swelling (f; FAD); Syphilis (f; CEB); Toothache (f; DEM); Tracheosis (1; PHR; PH2); Tuberculosis (f; MAD); Typhoid (f; FEL); Water Retention (f; FAD; FEL); Wound (f; FEL).

Dosage: Class 2b. Emmenagogue and uterotonic. Contraindicated in gastric ulcers and gastrosis; not for long-term use (AHP). Commission E reports root permitted for oral use. No contraindications, adverse effects, or interactions, except for GI irritation from continued or prolonged use (AEH; KOM). The Herbal HDR cautions that overdosage leads to diarrhea, gastric complaints, nausea, and queasiness (PHR). CAN cautions that saponins can irritate GI tract. Polygalic acid and senegin irritate the GI mucosa and may cause a reflex secretion of mucus in the bronchioles. Large doses may cause purging and vomiting (CAN). Extracts (Senega Root) — One antiinflammatory triterpenic acid is useful for eczema, graft rejection, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis, according to a French patent mentioned by CAN. Looking at that suggests, to me, that the acid has immunosuppressant activity, which would be contraindicated in most diseases. Saponins can be hemolytic and a GI irritant (CAN). Hemolytic saponins are toxic when injected iv, but have low toxicity when given orally since they don’t cross GI mucosa (CAN). Free saponins in GI tract may react with mucosa, causing an increased permeability of small intestine to intraluminal solutes and inhibiting active nutrient absorption. This activity may facilitate entry of antigens and active food peptides into the blood circulation with adverse (and I also suppose good) side effects (CAN).

Contraindications: Class 2b. Emmenagogue and uterotonic. Contraindicated in gastric ulcers and gastrosis; not for long-term use (AHP). Commission E reports root permitted for oral use. No contraindications, adverse effects, or interactions, except for GI irritation from continued or prolonged use (AEH; KOM). The Herbal HDR cautions that overdosage leads to diarrhea, gastric complaints, nausea, and queasiness (PHR). CAN cautions that saponins can irritate GI tract. Polygalic acid and senegin irritate the GI mucosa and may cause a reflex secretion of mucus in the bronchioles. Large doses may cause purging and vomiting (CAN). Extracts (Senega Root) — One antiinflammatory triterpenic acid is useful for eczema, graft rejection, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis, according to a French patent mentioned by CAN. Looking at that suggests, to me, that the acid has immunosuppressant activity, which would be contraindicated in most diseases. Saponins can be hemolytic and a GI irritant (CAN). Hemolytic saponins are toxic when injected iv, but have low toxicity when given orally since they don’t cross GI mucosa (CAN). Free saponins in GI tract may react with mucosa, causing an increased permeability of small intestine to intraluminal solutes and inhibiting active nutrient absorption. This activity may facilitate entry of antigens and active food peptides into the blood circulation with adverse (and I also suppose good) side effects (CAN).