Herbal Medicine Reference

Synonyms: Asclepias procera

Actions: Abortifacient (1; CRC; WO2); Alterative (f; EFS); Antiaggregant (1; MPI; WO2); Antibacterial (1; WO2); Anticancer (1; MPI); Antifeedant (1; WO2); Antifertility (1; WO2); Antiimplantation (1; WO2); Antiinflammatory (f; EFS; WO2); Antiodontalgic (f; CRC); Antisialagogue (f; KAB); Antispasmodic (f; EFS); Antisyphilitic (f; CRC); Antitumor (1; CRC; PH2); Aperitif (f; KAB); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC); Candidicide (1; WO2); Cardiodepressant (1; MPI); Cardiotonic (1; MPI; WO2); Carminative (f; CRC); Contraceptive (1; WO2); Dentifrice (f; WO2); Depilatory (f; WO2); Dermatitigenic (f; CRC); Diaphoretic (f; CRC; EFS; JFM); Digestive (f; WO2); Diuretic (1; MPI; PHR; PH2); Emetic (f; CRC; HHB; JFM); Expectorant (1; CRC; KAB; PHR; PH2; WO2); Fibrinolytic (1; MPI); Fungicide (1; WO2); Hypertensive (1; MPI; WO2); Inebriant (f; WBB); Infanticide (f; DEP; WO2); Insecticide (1; WO2); Lactagogue (f; CRC); Larvicide (1; WO2); Laxative (f; CRC); Ovicide (1; WO2); Pediculicide (1; WO2); Piscicide (1; WO2); Poison (f; CRC; EFS); Proteolytic (1; KAP; MPI; WO2); Respirastimulant (1; MPI); Rubefacient (f; CRC); Stimulant (1; WO2); Stomachic (f; CRC; KAB); Tonic (f; EFS); Vermifuge (1; CRC; MPI; WO2).

Indications: Anorexia (f; KAB); Asthma (f; CRC; KAP; WO2); Bacteria (1; WO2); Bite (f; PH2; WO2); Boil (f; PHR; PH2); Cancer (1; CRC; MPI; PHR; PH2); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, epidermis (1; PH2); Cancer, nose (1; PH2); Cancer, pharynx (1; PHR; PH2); Candida (1; WO2); Caries (f; CRC); Catarrh (f; CRC; KAB; WBB; WO2); Childbirth (f; CRC); Cholera (f; DEP); Cold (f; CRC; JFM; KAP; WO2); Conjunctivosis (f; CRC); Constipation (f; CRC); Convulsion (f; WO2); Cough (f; CRC; KAP); Cramp (f; EFS; PHR; PH2); Dermatosis (f; MPI; WO2); Diarrhea (f; PH2); Dysentery (f; CRC; KAP; PHR); Dyspepsia (f; KAB; PHR; PH2); Earache (f; WO2); Elephantiasis (f; CRC; KAP; PHR; PH2; WO2); Enterosis (f; JLH; KAB); Epilepsy (f; PHR; PH2); Fever (f; CRC; EFS; JFM; PH2; WO2); Fit (f; WO2); Fungus (1; WO2); Gas (f; CRC); Gonorrhea (f; CRC); Gout (f; PHR; PH2); Guinea Worm (1; KAB; WO2); Headache (f; CRC; JFM; KAB); Hemorrhoid (f; KAB); Hysteria (f; PHR; PH2); Impotence (f; CRC; WBB); Indigestion (f; CRC); Infection (1; WO2); Inflammation (f; EFS; WO2); Leprosy (f; CRC; JFM; PH2; WBB); Lice (1; WO2); Low Blood Pressure (1; MPI; WO2); Lupus (f; WO2); Malaria (1; KAP; WO2); Migraine (f; WO2); Mycosis (1; WO2); Ophthalmia (f; CRC; KAB); Pain (f; JFM; KAB); Pharyngosis (1; MPI); Rheumatism (f; CRC; JFM; PH2); Rhinosis (1; MPI); Salmonella (1; WO2); Shigella (1; WO2); Snakebite (f; PHR); Sore (1; PH2; WO2); Sprain (f; KAB); Stomachache (f; KAB); Swelling (f; CRC; JFM; KAB; PH2); Syphilis (f; CRC; JFM; PH2); Thrombosis (1; WO2); Toothache (f; CRC; DEP; PH2; WO2); Tumor (1; CRC; PH2); Ulcerous Tumor (f; CRC); VD (1; WBB); Wart (f; CRC; JLH; PH2); Water Retention (1; MPI; PHR; PH2); Worm (1; CRC; MPI; PHR; WO2); Wound (f; CRC; KAB; WO2); Yaw (f; CRC); Yeast (1; WO2).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Dangerous plant. Very high doses may cause death (PH2), following bradycardia, convulsion, diarrhea, and vomiting (PH2). Can cause convulsion, diarrhea, vomiting, slowed but stronger heartbeat, labored respiration, increased blood pressure, and possible death (CRC). Traditional use in India may cause severe bullous dermatosis, leading occasionally to hypertropic scars. Contains cardioactive cardenolides. In vitro calotropin inhibits human epidermoid carcinoma (nasopharynx) (PH2). Most references say this has the same activities as C. gigantea.

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Dangerous plant. Very high doses may cause death (PH2), following bradycardia, convulsion, diarrhea, and vomiting (PH2). Can cause convulsion, diarrhea, vomiting, slowed but stronger heartbeat, labored respiration, increased blood pressure, and possible death (CRC). Traditional use in India may cause severe bullous dermatosis, leading occasionally to hypertropic scars. Contains cardioactive cardenolides. In vitro calotropin inhibits human epidermoid carcinoma (nasopharynx) (PH2). Most references say this has the same activities as C. gigantea.

Synonyms:

Actions: Antidiabetic (f; HHB); Antiinflammatory (1; PH2); Astringent (f; KAB; WOI); Demulcent (f; KAB; WOI); Diuretic (f; HHB; WOI); Hypoglycemic (1; HHB; PH2; WOI); Tonic (f; PH2; WOI).

Indications: Abscess (f; WOI); Bleeding (f; WOI); Boil (f; PH2); Bruise (f; HH2; KAB; PH2); Cancer (f; JLH; WOI); Carbuncle (f; WOI); Debility (f; KAB); Dermatosis (f; PH2); Diabetes (1; HHB; WOI); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Edema (f; PH2); Enterosis (f; PH2); Furuncle (f; PH2); Gastrosis (f; PH2); Hematoma (f; PH2); Hemoptysis (f; WOI); Hemorrhoid (f; KAB; HH2; PH2); Hyperglycemia (1; HHB; PH2; WOI); Inflammation (1; KAB; PH2; WOI); Leukorrhea (f; KAB; HH2); Mastosis (f; WOI); Pulmonosis (f; PH2; WOI); Respirosis (f; PH2); Swelling (f; PH2); Tuberculosis (f; WOI); Tumor (f; WOI); Ulcer (f; PH2); Water Retention (f; HHB; WOI); Wound (f; PH2).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PHR; PH2). Overdoses may lead to diarrhea, gastrosis, nausea, and queasiness.

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PHR; PH2). Overdoses may lead to diarrhea, gastrosis, nausea, and queasiness.

Synonyms:

Actions: Antidote (f; CRC); Depurative (f; CRC); Emetic (f; CRC; SKJ); Hallucinogen (f; CRC); Insecticide (f; CRC); Intoxicant (f; CRC); Narcotic (f; CRC); Poison (f; CRC); Termitifuge (f; CRC).

Indications: Bite (f; SKJ); Leprosy (f; SKJ); Rabies (f; SKJ); Thirst (f; CRC).

Dosage:

Contraindications:

Synonyms:

Actions: Allergenic (1; WOI); Antibacterial (1; PH2); Antipyretic (f; EFS; KAB; MAD); Antiscorbutic (f; HHB); Antiseptic (1; PH2); Ascaricide (f; HHB); Depurative (f; EFS; HHB; PH2); Diaphoretic (f; EFS); Diuretic (1; HHB; PH2; WOI); Hemostat (f; EFS); Hypoglycemic (1; WOI); Laxative (f; EFS); Litholytic (f; MAD); Secretagogue (1; PH2); Stomachic (f; HHB); Vermifuge (f; HHB).

Indications: Abscess (f; KAB); Anemia (f; MAD); Arthrosis (f; MAD); Ascaris (f; HHB); Bacteria (1; PH2); Bile (f; PH2); Bleeding (1; EFS; HHB; MAD; WOI); Boil (f; FEL); Bronchosis (f; WOI); Cancer (1; JLH; WOI); Cancer, liver (1; JLH; WOI); Cancer, skin (1; FEL; FNF); Cancer, spleen (1; JLH; WOI); Chlorosis (f; MAD); Cholecystosis (f; MAD); Constipation (f; EFS); Convulsion (f; WOI); Cramp (f; HHB); Cystosis (f; MAD); Dermatosis (f; EFS; HHB; MAD; WOI); Diabetes (f; MAD); Diarrhea (1; DEM; HHB; WOI); Earache (f; MAD); Epithelioma (1; JLH); Esophagosis (f; HHB); Fever (f; EFS; KAB; MAD); Gallstone (f; MAD); Gastrosis (f; PH2); Hepatosis (f; JLH; MAD; PH2); Hyperglycemia (1; WOI); Impostume (f; JLH); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; PH2); Inflammation (f; FEL; PH2); Itch (f; MAD); Ophthalmia (f; MAD); Pharyngosis (f; HHB); Respirosis (f; PH2); Rhinosis (f; PH2); Sore Throat (f; HHB); Splenosis (f; JLH); Stone (f; MAD); Water Retention (1; HHB; PH2; WOI); Wen (f; JLH); Worm (f; HHB); Wound (f; JLH).

Dosage: Class 2d. Caution for people prone to kidney stone.“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PHR; PH2).

Contraindications: Class 2d. Caution for people prone to kidney stone.“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PHR; PH2).

Synonyms: Banisteria caapi Spruce ex Griseb., Banisteria quitensis Nied., Banisteriopsis inebrians C. V. Morton, Banisteriopsis quitensis (Nied.) C. V. Morton

Actions: Antibacterial (1; CRC; FNF); Antifeedant (1; FNF); Antileishmanic (1; CRC; FNF); Antimalarial (1; CRC; FNF); Antiparkinsonian (1; CRC; FNF); Antitrypanosomic (1; CRC; FNF); Aphrodisiac (1; CRC; FNF); Bradycardic (1; CRC; FNF); Bronchospasmogenic (1; FNF); Cardiovascular (1; CRC; FNF); Convulsant (1; CRC; FNF); CNS Stimulant (1; CRC; FNF); Cytotoxic (1; CRC; FNF); Desmutagenic (1; CRC; FNF); Emetic (1; DAV); Euphoric (1; PH2); Hallucinogen (1; CRC; FNF; PH2); Hyperkinetic (1; FNF); Laxative (1; DAV); MAOI (1; CRC; FNF; PH2); Phototoxic (1; CRC; FNF); Protisticide (1; CRC; FNF); Psychotropic (1; CRC; FNF; PH2); Respiradepressant (1; FNF); Spinodepressant (1; CRC; FNF); Telepathic (1; DAV); Tremorigenic (1; CRC; FNF); Uteroactive (1; CRC; FNF); Vermifuge (1; CRC; FNF).

Indications: Ameba (1; CRC); Bacteria (1; CRC; FNF); Bronchosis (1; CRC); Constipation (1; CRC; DAV); Encephalosis (1; HHB); Hypokinesis (1; HHB); Impotence (1; CRC); Leishmaniasis (1; FNF); Lethargy (1; CRC; HHB); Malaria (1; CRC; FNF); Myosis (1; HHB); Obesity (1; FNF); Paralysis (1; HHB); Parkinson’s Disease (1; CRC; FNF); Spasm (1; CRC); Trypanosomiasis (1; CRC); Worm (1; CRC; FNF).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). 300 mg alkaloids may lead to collapse, nausea, ringing of the ears, and vomiting (PH2).

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). 300 mg alkaloids may lead to collapse, nausea, ringing of the ears, and vomiting (PH2).

Synonyms: Cerasus vulgaris Mill., Prunus vulgaris Schur.

Actions: Analgesic (1; JNU); Anticancer (1; JNU); Antiinflammatory (f; JNU); Antioxidant (1; JNU); Antipyretic (f; DEM); Apoptotic (1; JNU); Astringent (f; DEM; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS); Hematonic (f; DEM); Pectoral (f; EFS); Sedative (f; EFS); Tonic (f; EFS).

Indications: Arthrosis (f; JNU); Biliousness (f; DEM); Cancer (1; JNU); Cancer, colon (1; JNU); Cardiopathy (1; JNU); Childbirth (f; DEM); Chill (f; DEM); Cold (f; DEM; MIC); Cough (f; DEM; MIC); Diarrhea (f; EFS); Dyspepsia (f; DEM); Enterosis (f; DEM); Fever (f; DEM); Gastrosis (f; DEM); Gout (f; JNU); High Blood Pressure (f; MIC); High Cholesterol (1; JNU); Inflammation (f; JNU); Insomnia (f; EFS); Jaundice (f; DEM); Laryngosis (f; DEM); Measles (f; DEM); Nervousness (f; EFS); Pain (1; DEM; JNU); Sore (f; DEM); Thrush (f; DEM); Ulcer (f; DEM); Water Retention (f; EFS).

Dosage: Sour cherries is a 10 times better analgesic than aspirin (JNU). Perillyl alcohol may protect against cancer (JNU).

Contraindications: Sour cherries is a 10 times better analgesic than aspirin (JNU). Perillyl alcohol may protect against cancer (JNU).

Synonyms:

Actions: Analgesic (f; CAN; PNC); Antihelicobacter (1; X9781854); Antiinflammatory (f; CAN; PNC); Antirheumatic (f; CAN; PNC); Antiseptic (1; PNC); Antispasmodic (f; HHB); Antiulcer (1; X9781854); Carminative (f; CAN; HHB; PNC); Circulostimulant (f; CAN; PNC); Diaphoretic (f; CAN; HHB; HH3; PNC); Diuretic (f; HHB); Hypotensive (f; CAN); Larvicide (f; HH3); Sedative (f; CAN); Sialagogue (f; CAN); Stomachic (f; HHB); Tonic (f; HHB).

Indications: Cramp (f; HHB); Diarrhea (f; PNC); Fever (f; CAN; HHB; HH3; PNC); Helicobacter (1; X9781854); High Blood Pressure (f; CAN); Infection (f; PNC); Inflammation (f; CAN; PNC); Insomnia (f; CAN); Intermittent Claudication (f; HH3); Nervousness (f; CAN); Pain (f; PNC; CAN); Raynaud’s Syndrome (f; HH3); Rheumatism (f; CAN; HH3; PNC); Swelling (f; DEM); Toothache (f; DEM; HHB; PNC); Ulcer (1; X9781854).

Dosage: Class 2b (AHP). Reported to be toxic to animals (lethal to cattle, chicken, and fish). Because of pharmacologically active alkaloids and coumarins, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. May interfere with anticoagulant therapy. Excessive use should be avoided (CAN). Extracts (Southern Prickly Ash) — Bark extracts act as a reversible neuromuscular blocking agent. A single hypotensive dose of nitidine chloride (2 mg/kg) lowered blood pressure 20% in mice within 90 minutes, persisting for 6 hours. Nitidine also antagonizes the hypertensive effects of angiotensin. Nitidine is antileukemic. Chelerythrine, at 10 mg/kg (orl rat), was comparable in antiinflammatory activity to indomethacin at 5 mg/kg. Chelerythrine also works against Candida and Gram-positive if not Gram-negative bacteria. Chelerythrine potentiates the analgesia of morphine, prolongs barbiturate sleep, and is hypotensive following an immediate hypertensive thrust (cats, mice, rats). Asirinin has antitubercular activity; neoherculin is insecticidal, piscicidal, and sialagogue.

Contraindications: Class 2b (AHP). Reported to be toxic to animals (lethal to cattle, chicken, and fish). Because of pharmacologically active alkaloids and coumarins, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided. May interfere with anticoagulant therapy. Excessive use should be avoided (CAN). Extracts (Southern Prickly Ash) — Bark extracts act as a reversible neuromuscular blocking agent. A single hypotensive dose of nitidine chloride (2 mg/kg) lowered blood pressure 20% in mice within 90 minutes, persisting for 6 hours. Nitidine also antagonizes the hypertensive effects of angiotensin. Nitidine is antileukemic. Chelerythrine, at 10 mg/kg (orl rat), was comparable in antiinflammatory activity to indomethacin at 5 mg/kg. Chelerythrine also works against Candida and Gram-positive if not Gram-negative bacteria. Chelerythrine potentiates the analgesia of morphine, prolongs barbiturate sleep, and is hypotensive following an immediate hypertensive thrust (cats, mice, rats). Asirinin has antitubercular activity; neoherculin is insecticidal, piscicidal, and sialagogue.

Synonyms: Atractylis lancea Thunb., Atractylis ovata Thunb.

Actions: Antianoxic (1; X2268908); Antibacterial (1; DAA; LAF); Anticomplementary (1; HH3); Antidepressant (f; LAF); Antigastric (1; PH2); Antiinflammatory (1; LAF; X9544564); Antioxidant (1; X8870957); Antipeptic (1; HH3); Antiseptic (1; DAA; LAF; PH2); Antiulcer (1; HH3); Antiviral (1; HH3; LAF); Candidicide (1; DAA); Cyclo-oxygenase Inhibitor (1; X9544564); Diuretic (f; LMP); Fungicide (1; DAA; LAF); Hepatoprotective (1; HH3; PH2); Immunostimulant (1; HH3; PH2); Lipoxygenase Inhibitor (1; X9544564); Secretolytic (1; PH2); Sedative (1; PH2); Splenotonic (f; LMP); Stimulant (f; LMP).

Indications: Acne (f; LAF); Anorexia (f; LAF); Arthrosis (f; LAF); Atrophy (f; PH2); Bacteria (1; DAA; LAF); Candida (1; DAA); Cold (f; LAF; PH2); Debility (f; HH3; PH2); Depression (f; LAF); Diarrhea (f; LAF; LMP; PH2); Dropsy (f; LMP); Dyspepsia (f; DAA; LAF; LMP); Eczema (f; DAA; LAF); Edema (f; DAA; LAF; PH2); Enterosis (f; LAF; PH2); Escherichia (1; DAA); Fungus (1; DAA; LAF); Gastrosis (f; LMP; PH2); Hepatosis (1; HH3; PH2); Immunodepression (1; HH3; PH2); Infection (1; DAA; HH3; LAF); Inflammation (1; LAF; X9544564); Insomnia (1; PH2); Mycosis (1; DAA; LAF); Nephrosis (f; PH2); Nervousness (1; PH2); Nyctalopia (f; DAA; LAF; PH2); Ophthalmia (f; LAF); Pain (f; PH2); Rheumatism (f; PH2); Splenosis (f; LMP); Staphylococcus (1; LAF); Swelling (f; PH2); Ulcer (1; HH3); Virus (1; HH3; LAF); Wart (f; LAF); Water Retention (f; LMP); Yeast (1; DAA).

Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).

Synonyms: A. procera Willd.

Actions: Antipyretic (f; CRC); Antiseptic (f; CRC); Bitter (f; CRC); Choleretic (f; CRC); Cordial (f; CRC); Deobstruent (f; CRC); Detergent (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (f; AHP); Expectorant (f; CRC); Nervine (f; CRC); Pilogenic (f; CRC); Stimulant (f; CRC); Tonic (f; CRC); Uterotonic (f; AHP); Vermifuge (f; CRC); Vulnerary (f; CRC).

Indications: Acne (f; CRC); Alopecia (f; CRC); Anemia (f; CRC); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Cancer, uvula (f; JLH); Chilblain (f; CRC); Drowsiness (f; CRC); Fever (f; CRC); Frostbite (f; CRC); Gastrosis (f; CRC; JLH); Gout (f; CRC); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC); Induration (f; CRC; JLH); Infection (f; CRC); Marasmus (f; CRC); Pleurosis (f; CRC); Polyp (f; JLH); Scirrhus (f; CRC; JLH); Scrofula (f; CRC); Splenosis (f; CRC; JLH); Tuberculosis (f; CRC); Tumor (f; CRC; JLH); Uterosis (f; CRC, JLH); Whitlow (f; CRC; JLH); Worm (f; CRC).

Dosage:

Contraindications:

Synonyms: Dolichos soja L., Glycine gracilis Skvortzov, G. hispida (Moench) Maxim., G. hispida var. brunnea Skvortzov, G. hispida var. lutea Skvortzov, G. soja (L.) Merr., Phaseolus max L., Soja hispida Moench, Soja max (L.) Piper

Actions: Antiangiogenic (1; BGB); Anticancer (1; BGB); Antidiabetic (f; EFS); Antiprostatitic (1; BGB); Cardioprotective (1; BGB); Chemopreventive (1; BGB); Estrogenic (f; JAD); Hepatoprotective (1; BGB; SHT); Hypocholesterolemic (2; PHR; PH2; SHT); Hypotensive (1; BGB); Lipolytic (1; BGB; PH2); Lipotropic (f; BGB).

Indications: Aging (f; BGB); Alcoholism (1; BGB; FNF); Anemia (1; BGB; PH2); Anorexia (1; PHR; SHT); Arthrosis (f; PH2); BPH (1; BGB); Cancer (1; BGB; FNF); Cardiopathy (1; BGB); Cerebrosis (f; PH2); Cholecystosis (f; PH2); Colic (1; BGB); Confusion (f; PH2); Debility (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; BGB); Diabetes (1; BGB; EFS); Edema (f; BGB); Endometriosis (1; TGP); Enterosis (f; PHR; SHT); Fibrosis (f; BGB); Gastrosis (f; BGB); Hepatosis (1; BGB; PHR; PH2; SHT); High Blood Pressure (1; BGB); High Cholesterol (2; PHR; PH2; SHT); Hyperhydrosis (f; PH2); Hyperlipoproteinemia (1; PHR; SHT); Melanoma (1; FNF); Menopause (1; BGB; FNF; JAD); Nephrosis (f; BGB); Neurosis (f; BGB; PH2); Osteoporosis (1; FNF; JAD); Pain (f; PH2); Retinosis (1; FNF); Rickets (f; BGB); Sore (f; BGB); Steatosis (f; BGB); Syndrome- X (1; SYN); Toxemia (f; BGB); Tuberculosis (f; BGB).

Dosage: Not covered (AHP). No hazards or major side effects known when administered properly. Occasional GI problems, diarrhea, gastralgia, and loose stool (PHR). Enriched phosphatidylcholine (73–79%) is hepatoprotective, hepatoregenerative, and hypocholesterolemic (lowering LDL cholesterol). NOTE: Commission E does not list soybean as an approved herb. It approves soy lecithin for hypercholesterolemia, and soy phospholipid for hepatosis and hypercholesterolemia. I am scoring the whole soy as a container of daidzein, genistein (not covered by Commission E), lecithin, and phospholipids (composed primarily of linoleic acid, to me not too exciting). Most food grade legumes contain these.

Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). No hazards or major side effects known when administered properly. Occasional GI problems, diarrhea, gastralgia, and loose stool (PHR). Enriched phosphatidylcholine (73–79%) is hepatoprotective, hepatoregenerative, and hypocholesterolemic (lowering LDL cholesterol). NOTE: Commission E does not list soybean as an approved herb. It approves soy lecithin for hypercholesterolemia, and soy phospholipid for hepatosis and hypercholesterolemia. I am scoring the whole soy as a container of daidzein, genistein (not covered by Commission E), lecithin, and phospholipids (composed primarily of linoleic acid, to me not too exciting). Most food grade legumes contain these.