| English Name | Botanical Name | More Info |
|---|---|---|
| PARSLEY PIERT | Aphanes arvensis | |
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Synonyms: Alchemilla arvensis (L.) Scop., A. occidentalis Nutt. Actions: Antipyretic (f; EFS); Demulcent (f; EFS; GMH); Diuretic (f; EFS; GMH; HHB; PH2); Litholytic (f; GMH); Psychostimulant (f; PH2); Vulnerary (f; EFS). Indications: Calculus (f; CAN; GMH); Cystosis (f; GMH; PH2); Dropsy (f; GMH); Dysuria (f; HHB; PH2); Fever (f; EFS); Graves Disease; (f; GMH); Jaundice (f; GMH); Nephrosis (f; GMH; PH2); Stone (f; GMH; PH2); Strangury (f; GMH); Urethrosis. (f; CAN; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). In view of the lack of toxicological data, excessive use, especially during lactation and pregnancy, should be avoided (CAN). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). In view of the lack of toxicological data, excessive use, especially during lactation and pregnancy, should be avoided (CAN). |
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| PARSLEY PIERT | Aphanes arvensis | |
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Synonyms: Alchemilla arvensis (L.) Scop., A. occidentalis Nutt. Actions: Antipyretic (f; EFS); Demulcent (f; EFS; GMH); Diuretic (f; EFS; GMH; HHB; PH2); Litholytic (f; GMH); Psychostimulant (f; PH2); Vulnerary (f; EFS). Indications: Calculus (f; CAN; GMH); Cystosis (f; GMH; PH2); Dropsy (f; GMH); Dysuria (f; HHB; PH2); Fever (f; EFS); Graves Disease; (f; GMH); Jaundice (f; GMH); Nephrosis (f; GMH; PH2); Stone (f; GMH; PH2); Strangury (f; GMH); Urethrosis. (f; CAN; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). In view of the lack of toxicological data, excessive use, especially during lactation and pregnancy, should be avoided (CAN). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). In view of the lack of toxicological data, excessive use, especially during lactation and pregnancy, should be avoided (CAN). |
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| PARSNIP | Pastinaca sativa | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Abortifacient (f; MAD); Antispasmodic (1; WOI); Aphrodisiac (f; MAD); Carminative (f; HHB; SKJ); Depurative (f; MAD); Diuretic (f; HHB; MAD; SKJ); Emmenagogue (f; MAD); Litholytic (f; HHB). Indications: Bladder Stone (f; SKJ); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, neck (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH); Cancer, testes (f; JLH); Cramp (1; WOI); Cystosis (f; HHB); Delirium (f; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Enterosis (f; PH2); Fever (f; MAD; PH2); Gastrosis (f; HHB; JLH; PH2; SKJ); Hepatosis (f; MAD); Induration (f; JLH); Kidney Stone (f; PH2); Leukoderma (1; WOI); Malaria (f; MAD); Mastosis (f; JLH); Nephrosis (f; PH2); Orchosis (f; JLH); Phthisis (f; HHB); Respirosis (f; MAD); Splenosis (f; MAD); Sprain (f; PH2); Stone (f; HHB; PH2); Tuberculosis (f; MAD); Water Retention (f; MAD). Dosage: Not covered (PH2). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Fair complexions may suffer photodermatosis (PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (PH2). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Fair complexions may suffer photodermatosis (PH2). |
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| PASSIONFLOWER | Passiflora incarnata | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (1; APA; PNC); Antibacterial (1; APA; CAN); Antiinflammatory (f; FAD); Antiseptic (1; APA); Antispasmodic (1; BGB; HHB; PED; WAM); Anxiolytic (1; BGB; WAM); Candidicide (1; APA; PED); Cardiotonic (f; BGB); CNS-Depressant (2; APA; PED); CNS-Stimulant (1; APA; BGB); Cyanogenic (f; CRC); Digestive (1; APA); Emetic (f; FEL); Fungicide (1; APA; PED); Hematinic (f; DEM); Hypnotic (2; CAN); Hypotensive (1; APA; FAD; PED; PH2); MAOI (2; JAD); Myorelaxant (1; APA; PED); Narcotic (1; CRC); Respirastimulant (1; APA; PH2); Sedative (2; APA; HHB; SHT; WAM); Soporific (f; CRC); Tranquilizer (2; APA; SHT); Uterorelaxant (1; APA); Uterotonic (1; CAN). Indications: Addiction (f; CRC); Anxiety (1; APA; BGB; WAM); Asthma (1; CAN; HH2; WAM); Atony (f; FEL); Bacteria (1; APA; CAN); Boil (f; DEM; FAD); Bronchosis (1; WAM); Bruise (f; APA); Burn (f; FEL); Cancer (f; FEL); Candida (1; APA; CAN; PED); Cardiopathy (f; APA; BGB; FEL); Chancre (f; FEL); Chorea (f; FEL); Colic (f; CRC; HHB; PED); Convulsion (f; FEL); Cramp (1; APA; BGB; FEL; HHB; PED; WAM); Cut (f; APA); Depression (1; FNF; PH2); Dermatosis (f; CRC; FEL); Diarrhea (f; CRC; FEL; PED); Dysentery (f; CRC; FEL); Dysmenorrhea (2; APA; FEL; PED; WAM); Dyspnea (f; FEL); Earache (1; DEM; FAD); Eclampsia (f; FEL); Enterosis (f; BGB; PHR); Epilepsy (1; CRC; FEL; PED); Erysipelas (f; FEL); Fever (f; FEL); Flu (f; FEL); Fungus (1; APA; PED); Gastrosis (f; BGB; PHR); Headache (1; APA; FAD); Hemorrhoid (1; CRC; PED; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; APA; FAD; PED; PH2); Hyperactivity (1; PHR); Hysteria (1; CAN); Infection (1; APA; PED); Inflammation (f; DEM; FAD); Insomnia (2; APA; FEL; HHB; PHR; PH2; SHT; WAM); Morphinism (f; CRC); Myalgia (f; APA); Mycosis (1; APA; PED); Nervousness (2; APA; BGB; HHB; PHR; PH2; SHT; WAM); Nervous Restlessness (2; KOM); Neuralgia (1; BGB; CAN; CRC; FEL; HHB); Neurasthenia (f; CRC; HHB); Neurosis (f; CRC); Nicotinism (f; CRC); Ophthalmia (f; CRC); Pain (1; APA; PNC); Palpitation (f; APA); PMS (1; WAM); Proctosis (f; FEL); Restlessness (f; BGB); Shock (f; FEL); Sore (f; FEL); Spasm (f; CRC); Stress (1; APA); Tachycardia (1; BGB; CAN; HH2); Tetanus (f; FEL); Toothache (f; FEL); Typhoid (f; FEL); Uterosis (f; FEL); Weaning (f; DEM); Yeast (1; APA; PED). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). None known or reported (KOM; PIP; PH2; WAM). Large doses may result in CNS depression (LRNP, May 1989). The same precautions suggested for MAOIs might be indicated here. Excessive doses may potentiate MAOI therapy (CAN). Because of harman and harmaline (uterine stimulants), its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (CAN). One report on humans detailed hypnotic sedative effects, but there were hints of hepatotoxicity and pancreatoxicity. “Content of harman alkaloids ... must not exceed 0.01 percent†(KOM). Animal studies suggest motility inhibition (PHR). LD50 unspecified extracts = 3000–15,000 mg/kg; toxic dose ipr 500–900 mg/kg alcoholic and dry extracts (HH2). LD50 maltol 820 mg/kg scu mouse (HH2). Extracts (Passionflower) — TD = >900 mg/kg ipr mouse (CAN). Extracts, oral or peritoneal, reduce spontaneous locomotor activity in mice and prolong their sleep (SHT). Flavonoids, more than alkaloids, may contribute to antianxiety and relaxing effects (PED). Harmala alkaloids produce drowsiness, inhibit the enzyme MAO, and relieve smooth muscle cramps. Apigenin is well known as an antiinflammatory and antispasmodic sedative (PNC). Hamane alkaloids are CNS- stimulant at doses of 3–6 mg/human, but hallucinogenic and toxic at 500–600 mg (HH2). But the presence of harmine-type alkaloids is questionable (HH2; PH2). Passicol inhibits many bacteria, molds and yeast, group A hemolytic streptococci more so than Staphylococcus aureus, with Candida albicans intermediate (CAN). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). None known or reported (KOM; PIP; PH2; WAM). Large doses may result in CNS depression (LRNP, May 1989). The same precautions suggested for MAOIs might be indicated here. Excessive doses may potentiate MAOI therapy (CAN). Because of harman and harmaline (uterine stimulants), its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (CAN). One report on humans detailed hypnotic sedative effects, but there were hints of hepatotoxicity and pancreatoxicity. “Content of harman alkaloids ... must not exceed 0.01 percent†(KOM). Animal studies suggest motility inhibition (PHR). LD50 unspecified extracts = 3000–15,000 mg/kg; toxic dose ipr 500–900 mg/kg alcoholic and dry extracts (HH2). LD50 maltol 820 mg/kg scu mouse (HH2). Extracts (Passionflower) — TD = >900 mg/kg ipr mouse (CAN). Extracts, oral or peritoneal, reduce spontaneous locomotor activity in mice and prolong their sleep (SHT). Flavonoids, more than alkaloids, may contribute to antianxiety and relaxing effects (PED). Harmala alkaloids produce drowsiness, inhibit the enzyme MAO, and relieve smooth muscle cramps. Apigenin is well known as an antiinflammatory and antispasmodic sedative (PNC). Hamane alkaloids are CNS- stimulant at doses of 3–6 mg/human, but hallucinogenic and toxic at 500–600 mg (HH2). But the presence of harmine-type alkaloids is questionable (HH2; PH2). Passicol inhibits many bacteria, molds and yeast, group A hemolytic streptococci more so than Staphylococcus aureus, with Candida albicans intermediate (CAN). |
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| PATCHOULI | Pogostemon cablin | |
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Synonyms: Mentha cablin Blanco. Actions: Antibacterial (1; WOI); Antiseptic (1; EFS; WOI); Carminative (f; WOI); Cytotoxic (1; PM64:464); Diuretic (f; WOI); Fungicide (f; ABS); Hirudifuge (f; WOI); Insectifuge (1; WOI); Irritant (1; WOI); Sternutator (f; IHB). Indications: Asthma (f; IHB; SKJ; WOI); Bacteria (1; WOI); Biliousness (f; IHB); Boil (f; IHB); Cold (f; DAA); Colic (f; DAA); Cough (f; IHB); Diarrhea (f; DAA); Dropsy (f; IHB; WOI); Dysmenorrhea (f; WOI); Escherichia (1; WOI); Fever (f; IHB); Fungus (1; ABS); Halitosis (f; DAA); Headache (f; DAA; IHB); Infection (f; ABS; EFS; WOI); Jaundice (f; IHB); Mycosis (f; ABS); Pain (f; DAA); Rheumatism (f; IHB; WOI); Smallpox (f; IHB); Staphylococcus (1; WOI); Streptococcus (1; WOI); Tuberculosis (1; WOI). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). |
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| PAU D’ARCO | Tabebuia | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Abortifacient (1; MAB); Alexeteric (f; CRC); Analgesic (1; CRC; MAB); Antiaggregant (1; MAB); Antibacterial (1; APA; MAB); Antidote (f; CRC); Antiedemic (1; MAB); Antiestrogenic (1; MAB); Antiinflammatory (1; MAB); Antilymphosarcomic (1; MAB); Antimelanomic (1; MAB); Antimetastatic (1; MAB); Antipyretic (f; PED); Antiretroviral (1; MAB); Antirheumatic (f; MAB); Antiseptic (1; MAB); Antitrypanosomic (1; MAB); Antitumor (1; MAB; PED); Antiulcerogenic (1; MAB); Antiviral (1; MAB); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC); Astringent (f; PED); Candidicide (1; MAB); Cytotoxic (1; MAB); Depurative (f; MAB); Digestive (f; APA); Diuretic (f; CRC; PED); Estrogenic (1; MAB); Fungicide (1; APA; CRC; MAB; PED); Hypoglycemic (f; APA); Immunodepressant (1; MAB); Immunostimulant (1; MAB); Parasiticide (1; APA; MAB); Protisticide (1; MAB); Termitifuge (1; CRC). Indications: Adenopathy (f; CRC; JLH); Anemia (f; MAB); Athlete’s Foot (1; APA); Bacteria (1; APA; MAB); Boil (f; CRC); Cancer (1; APA; MAB; PED); Cancer, breast (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, colon (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, esophagus (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, intestine (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, liver (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, lung (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, pancreas (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, prostate (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, skin (1; MAB; PED); Cancer, throat (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, tongue (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Candida (1; MAB); Carcinoma (1; MAB); Chlorosis (f; CRC); Cold (f; CRC); Dermatosis (1; MAB; PED); Diarrhea (f; CRC); Dysentery (f; CRC; MAB); EBV (1; MAB); Dysuria (f; CRC); Eczema (1; MAB; PED); Enterosis (f; JLH); Enuresis (f; CRC); Fever (f; CRC; PED); Fungus (1; APA; CRC; MAB; PED; SKY); Gonorrhea (f; CRC); Headache (f; CRC); Hemorrhoid (f; PED); Hodgkin’s Disease (f; APA; CRC); Hyperglycemia (f; APA); Immune Dysfunction (f; SKY); Immunodepression (1; MAB); Incontinence (f; CRC); Infection (1; APA; CRC; MAB; PED); Inflammation (1; MAB); Leukemia (1; APA; MAB; PED); Lupus (f; CRC); Malaria (1; MAB); Melanoma (1; MAB); Metastasis (f; JLH); Mycosis (1; APA; CRC; MAB; PED); Pain (1; CRC; MAB); Parasite (1; APA; MAB); Pharyngosis (f; CRC); Polyp (f; JLH); Psoriasis (f; PED); Rabies (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; PED; MAB); Scabies (f; MAB); Schistosomiasis (1; MAB); Snakebite (f; CRC); Sore Throat (f; MAB); Swelling (1; MAB); Syphilis (f; CRC); Toothache (f; CRC); Tumor (1; MAB; PED); Ulcer (1; MAB; PED); Vaginosis (1; MAB); VD (f; CRC); Virus (1; MAB); Wound (1; MAB); Yeast (1; CRC; MAB; SKY). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP). Side effects may include GI distress and nausea. “Whole bark has no known serious side effects†(SKY). Pregnant and lactating women should avoid (SKY). Guiraud et al. (1994) note that lapachol and beta-lapachone, though active against Candida, could be harmful. Multiple doses of oral lapachol at 500 mg/kg caused death with severe histopathological changes. In clinical trials, oral lapachol induced anticoagulant effects, nausea, and vomiting. After 6 doses at 9 mg/kg, beta-lapachone caused death, following anorexia, diarrhea, and weight loss (LRNP, July 1990). Napthaquinones (lapachol and beta-lapachone) have antifungal properties comparable to ketoconazole (SKY). Beta-lapachone is a better antifungal than ketoconazole (MAB). Since anticancer levels of naphthoquinones are toxic, pau d’arco cannot currently be recommended as a treatment for cancer (SKY). In large doses, lapachol and other naphthaquinones can be cyctotoxic or immunodepressant while small doses can be immounostimulant (MAB). “The cytotoxic effects of the extracts may arise by induction of cellular and immune factors, LD50 values for lapachol in white mice at 1600 mg/kg, for xyloidone 600 mg/kg, and beta-lapachone 80 mg/kg. Lapachol has a relatively high therapeutic index of nearly 20†(MAB). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP). Side effects may include GI distress and nausea. “Whole bark has no known serious side effects†(SKY). Pregnant and lactating women should avoid (SKY). Guiraud et al. (1994) note that lapachol and beta-lapachone, though active against Candida, could be harmful. Multiple doses of oral lapachol at 500 mg/kg caused death with severe histopathological changes. In clinical trials, oral lapachol induced anticoagulant effects, nausea, and vomiting. After 6 doses at 9 mg/kg, beta-lapachone caused death, following anorexia, diarrhea, and weight loss (LRNP, July 1990). Napthaquinones (lapachol and beta-lapachone) have antifungal properties comparable to ketoconazole (SKY). Beta-lapachone is a better antifungal than ketoconazole (MAB). Since anticancer levels of naphthoquinones are toxic, pau d’arco cannot currently be recommended as a treatment for cancer (SKY). In large doses, lapachol and other naphthaquinones can be cyctotoxic or immunodepressant while small doses can be immounostimulant (MAB). “The cytotoxic effects of the extracts may arise by induction of cellular and immune factors, LD50 values for lapachol in white mice at 1600 mg/kg, for xyloidone 600 mg/kg, and beta-lapachone 80 mg/kg. Lapachol has a relatively high therapeutic index of nearly 20†(MAB). |
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| PAWPAW | Asimina triloba | |
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Synonyms: Annona triloba L. Actions: Allergenic (1; PH2); Bitter (f; FAD); Diuretic (f; FAD); Emetic (1; PH2); Insecticide (1; FNF; HAD); Laxative (f; FAD); Pediculicide (f; HAD); Tonic (f; FAD). Indications: Abscess (f; HAD); Boil (f; HAD); Constipation (f; FAD); Fever (f; PH2); Inflammation (f; PH2); Lice (f; HAD); Pharyngosis (f; PH2); Scarlet Fever (f; PH2); Sore (f; HAD); Stomatosis (f; PH2); Vomiting (f; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). May be nauseant and allergenic (PH2). Retinosis or eye problems may possibly develop in those working with acetogenins or crushed seeds of the Annonaceae (JAD, personal communication from Dr. D. Warthen, USDA). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). May be nauseant and allergenic (PH2). Retinosis or eye problems may possibly develop in those working with acetogenins or crushed seeds of the Annonaceae (JAD, personal communication from Dr. D. Warthen, USDA). |
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| PEANUT | Arachis hypogaea | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antiaggregant (f; DAA); Antioxidant (1; WO3); Aperient (f; DAA); Aphrodisiac (f; DAA); Astringent (f; KAB); Cyanogenic (f; DAA); Demulcent (f; DAA; LMP); Emollient (f; DAA); Fungicide (1; WO3); Lactagogue (f; DAA; KAB; SKJ); Pectoral (f; DAA; LMP); Peptic (f; LMP); Radioprotective (f; WO2). Indications: Arthrosis (f; PH2); Cholecystosis (f; DAA); Colic (f; KAB; WO2); Cystosis (f; DAA); Dandruff (f; PHR; PH2); Dermatosis (f; PHR; PH2); Diabetes (f; WO2); Dislocation (f; KAB; PH2); Dyslactea (f; KAB); Eczema (f; PHR; PH2); Fungus (1; WO3); Gonorrhea (f; DAA; IHB); Ichthyosis (f; PHR; PH2); Infection (1; WO3); Inflammation (f; DAA); Mycosis (1; WO3); Nephrosis (f; DAA); Neuralgia (f; PH2); Plantar Wart (f; JLH); Rheumatism (f; DAA; IHB); Wart (f; DAA; JLH); Xeroderma (f; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Many people are violently allergic to peanut. Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Many people are violently allergic to peanut. |
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| PEAR | Pyrus communis | |
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Synonyms: P. asiae-mediae Popov, P. balansae Decne., P. bourgaeana Decne., P. domestica Medik., P. elata Rubtzov, P. medvedevii Rubtzov. Actions: Antibacterial (1; WOI); Antipyretic (f; PH2); Antiseptic (1; WOI); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB); Astringent (f; PH2); Diuretic (f; PH2); Laxative (f; PH2). Indications: Bacteria (1; WOI); Constipation (f; PH2); Diabetes (f; WOI); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Escherichia (1; WOI); Fever (f; PH2); Impotence (f; KAB); Infection (1; WOI). Dosage: Not covered (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). |
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| PEARLY EVERLASTING | Anaphalis margaritacea | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (f; CEB; CRC; FAD); Astringent (f; CRC; FAD); Emetic (f; DEM); Expectorant (f; CRC; FAD); Laxative (f; DEM); Pectoral (f; CRC); Sedative (f; CRC; FAD); Tonic (f; DEM); Vermifuge (f; CEB). Indications: Asthma (f; CEB; DEM); Boil (f; CRC); Bronchosis (f; CRC; DEM); Bruise (f; CEB; CRC; DEM); Burn (f; CEB; DEM); Catarrh (f; CRC; DEM); Cold (f; CEB; DEM); Constipation (f; DEM); Cough (f; CEB; DEM); Cut (f; CRC); Dermatosis (f; CEB; DEM); Diarrhea (f; CRC; DEM; FAD); Dysentery (f; CRC; DEM; FAD); Dyspnea (f; DEM); Edema (f; CRC); Fever (f; DEM); Gastrosis (f; DEM); Infection (f; DEM); Insomnia (f; CRC; FAD); Nervousness (f; CRC; FAD); Ophthalmia (f; DEM); Pain (f; CEB; CRC; FAD); Paralysis (f; CEB; DEM); Pulmonosis (f; CRC; FAD); Rheumatism (f; DEM; FAD); Sore (f; DEM; FAD); Sore Throat (f; DEM); Sprain (f; CRC); Stroke (f; DEM); Sun Blindness (f; DEM); Swelling (f; DEM); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Tumor (f; CRC; JLH); Worm (f; CEB). Dosage: Contraindications: |
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