| English Name | Botanical Name | More Info |
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| PEEGEE | Hydrangea paniculata | |
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Synonyms: H. paniculata var. intermedia Bois ex Nakai, H. paniculata var. praecox Rehder. Actions: Diuretic (f; CRC); Inebriant (f; CRC); Poison (f; CRC). Indications: Cough (f; CRC); Malaria (f; CRC). Dosage: Contraindications: |
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| PELLITORY-OF-THE-WALL | Parietaria officinalis | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Antiinflammatory (f; EFS); Demulcent (f; PNC); Diuretic (f; MAD; PH2; PNC); Laxative (f; EFS). Indications: Adenopathy (f; JLH); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, ear (f; JLH); Cancer, feet (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, parotid (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Condyloma (f; JLH); Constipation (f; EFS); Cough (f; HHB); Cystosis (f; PNC); Dysuria (f; PNC); Erysipelas (f; MAD); Hemorrhoid (f; EFS); Hepatosis (f; JLH); Inflammation (f; EFS); Kidney Stone (f; PNC); Pain (f; JLH); Otosis (f; JLH); Parotosis (f; JLH); Pyelosis (f; PNC); Rheumatism (f; HHB; MAD); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Sore (f; EFS); Splenosis (f; JLH); Stone (f; PNC); UTI (f; PH2); Wound (f; MAD). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD). |
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| PEPPER BARK, FEVER TREE | Warburgia salutaris | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (1; FNF; ZUL); Antifeedant (1; ZUL); Antiseptic (1; ZUL); Aphrodisiac (f; ZUL); Cytotoxic (1; ZUL); Emetic (f; ZUL); Expectorant (f; ZUL); Hemolytic (1; ZUL); Laxative (f; ZUL); Molluscicide (1; ZUL). Indications: Backache (f; ZUL); Cold (f; ZUL); Constipation (f; ZUL); Cough (f; ZUL); Dermatosis (f; ZUL); Enterosis (f; ZUL); Gastrosis (f; ZUL); Malaria (f; ZUL); Mycosis (1; ZUL); Neuralgia (f; ZUL); Pain (1; FNF; ZUL); Rheumatism (f; ZUL); Rib Ache (f; ZUL); Sore (f; ZUL); Toothache (f; ZUL); Ulcer (f; ZUL); Urethrosis (f; ZUL); VD (f; ZUL); Yeast (1; ZUL). Dosage: Extracts from inner bark may have dangerous toxic effects (ZUL). Contraindications: Extracts from inner bark may have dangerous toxic effects (ZUL). |
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| PEPPERMINT | Mentha x piperita | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Allergenic (1; FAD); Analgesic (1; APA; BGB; FEL; SHT); Anaphrodisiac (f; CEB); Anesthetic (1; APA; MAB; PED; SHT); Antibacterial (1; PH2; PIP); Antiemetic (1; PNC); Antiherpetic (1; FAD; PED); Antiinflammatory (1; FAD; PED); Antilactagogue (f; MAB); Antiitch (1; BGB; JAD; MAB); Antioxidant (1; JNU); Antipyretic (1; BGB; PHR; PIP); Antiseptic (1; BGB; PED; PH2; PNC); Antispasmodic (2; DEP; FEL; KOM; MAB; PH2; PNC; WAM); Antitussive (1; MAB; WAM); Antiulcer (1; FAD; PED); Antiviral (1; FAD; PH2; PNC; WAM); Aphrodisiac (f; MAD); Apoptotic (1; JNU); Astringent (1; PED); Bronchodilator (1; WAM); Calcium-Blocker (1; BGB; MAB); Cardiotonic (f; MAD); Carminative (2; KOM; MAB; PH2; PNC); Cholagogue (1; APA; PHR; PH2; SHT); Choleretic (2; APA; KOM; MAB; RIN); CNSSedative (1; MAB); Counterirritant (1; APA); Decongestant (1; APA; BGB); Detoxicant (1; JNU); Diaphoretic (f; CEB; MAB; PED); Digestive (1; APA; PED; WAM); Diuretic (1; CEB; MAB; PH2); Emmenagogue (f; MAD); Expectorant (1; PED); Insecticide (1; PH2); Myorelaxant (1; APA; MAB; SHT); Orexigenic (f; CEB); Secretolytic (1; APA; PHR; PH2; PIP); Sedative (1; MAB; PH2); Stimulant (1; PED); Stomachic (1; CEB; PED); Tonic (f; DEM; FEL); Tranquilizer (f; CEB); Vasodilator (1; PED); Vermifuge (f; DEM); Vulnerary (1; APA). Indications: Anorexia (2; CEB; MAD; PHR); Arthrosis (1; APA); Asthma (1; MAB; MAD); Bacteria (1; PH2; PIP); Biliary Dysfunction (1; KOM; PIP); Bite (1; APA); Bronchosis(1; MAB; PHR; PH2); Bug Bite (1; APA); Burn (1; CEB; FNF); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (1; JNU); Cancer, pancreas (1; JNU); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH); Catarrh (2; KOM; PH2; PIP); Cholecystosis (2; APA; KOM; PH2; PIP); Cholera (f; CEB; FEL); Cold (1; FAD; JNU; PHR; PH2; PNC); Cold Sore (1; APA); Colic (1; BGB; FEL; MAB; PNC); Colitis (2; BGB; KOM; PH2; SHT); Congestion (1; APA; BGB); Coryza (f; CEB); Cough (1; APA; PHR; PH2; WAM); Cramp (2; DEP; FEL; KOM; MAB; PH2; PIP; PNC; WAM); Croup (f; CEB); Dermatosis (1; BGB); Diarrhea (1; BGB); Diphtheria (f; DEP); Diverticulosis (f; PIP); Dysmenorrhea (f; PED; PHR); Dyspepsia (2; BGB; FAD; MAB; PH2); Dysuria (f; DEM); Earache (f; MAD); Enterosis (2; KOM; PHR; PIP); Epilepsy (f; MAD); Epistaxis (f; MAD); Fever (1; BGB; CEB; FAD; MAB; MAD; PED; PHR; PH2; PIP); Flu (1; MAB; PED); Freckle (f; MAD); Gallstone (f; MAD); Gas (1; BGB; MAD; MAB; WAM); Gastrosis (2; BGB; KOM; PH2; PIP); Gingivosis (f; SKY); Gout (1; CEB; FNF); Gravel (f; DEM); Headache (1; FAD; FEL; MAB; MAD; SHT); Heartburn (f; APA; JAD); Hemorrhoid (1; APA; DEM); Hepatosis (2; PHR; PH2); Herpes (1; APA; FAD; PED); Hiccup (f; MAD); Hypochondria (f; MAD); Hysteria (1; CEB; DEM; FEL; MAB; MAD); IBS (2; BGB; FAD; SHT; SKY); Impotence (f; MAD); Infection (2; JBU; PHR; PH2); Inflammation (1; FAD; PED); Insomnia (1; CEB; FAD; MAB; PH2); Itch (1; BGB; CEB; JAD; MAB); Jaundice (f; MAD); Languor (f; CEB); Mastosis (f; MAD); Measles (f; CEB); Menstrual Cramp (f; PED); Migraine (f; MAD); Morning Sickness (f; MAB; PHR); Motion Sickness (f; APA); Mucososis (1; BGB; PH2); Myalgia (2; BGB; KOM; PH2; PIP); Nausea (1; MAB; MAD; PHR; WAM); Nephrosis (f; BGB); Nervousness (1; CEB; MAB; PH2); Neuralgia (2; BGB; DEM; DEP; KOM; PH2; PIP); Neurosis (1; MAB); Pain (1; APA; BGB; CEB; DEM; FEL; MAB; PED; SHT); Pharyngosis (2; KOM; PH2); Phthisis (f; DEP); Pneumonia (f; CEB; DEM; FEL; MAB); Respirosis (2; KOM; PIP; PH2); Rheumatism (1; BGB; PED); Rhinosis (1; WAM); Ringworm (f; DEP); Satyrism (f; CEB); Sciatica (1; CEB; DEP; FNF); Sinusosis (1; APA; CEB; JNU); Sore Throat (1; BGB; MAD); Spermatorrhea (f; MAD); Splenosis (f; MAD); Stomachache (1; BGB; CEB; FAD; FEL); Stomatosis (2; BGB; KOM; PH2; PIP); Stone (f; MAD); Stress (f; APA); Syncope (f; MAD); Tendinitis (1; APA); Tonsilosis (f; MAD); Toothache (1; APA; DEP); Typhoid (f; CEB); Ulcer (1; FAD; PED); Urticaria (1; BGB); Uterosis (f; MAD); Vertigo (f; MAD); Virus (1; FAD; PH2; PNC; WAM); Vomiting (1; PNC); Water Retention (f; DEM); Worm (f; CEB; DEM). Dosage: Class 1 (AHP).“Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Not to be used in patients with achlorhydria, biliary or gallbladder obstruction, or gallstones. Concentrated oil may induce dermatosis, flushing and headache, if rubbed on profusely or inhaled. Leaf contains much astringent tannin that can damage the liver and intestine with prolonged use (PED). Commission E reports contraindications for EO: biliary obstruction or inflammation, and severe liver damage. Since the more widely used tea (Camellia sinensis) often contains twice as much tannin as peppermint, this recommendation should be doubly pertinent under tea, or maybe we should name these tannins the more glamorous “OPCs, polyphenols, and pycnogenols†and declare them antioxidant good guys instead of hepatotoxic bad guys (JAD). Rats receiving 100 mg/day peppermint oil develop dose-related brain lesions. Because of its ability to relax GI smooth muscles, peppermint oil may sometimes worsen symptoms of hiatal hernia. Coated pills opening too soon (in stomach) may cause gastralgia and heartburn. Excessive ingestion of the oil is associated with acute renal failure and interstitial nephrosis. Menthol reactions include reported cases of urticaria, allergic cheilitis, stomatosis, and rarely, shaking chills from use of topical menthol products. GI complaints due to use of peppermint preparations include stomatosis, severe esophagitis, gastrosis, unexplained diarrhea, and pancreatitis. Menthol in nasal preparations may cause spasm of the glottis in young children (AEH). Should not be inhaled by small children (AEH). Mentholcontaining ointments applied to an infant’s nostrils have produced immediate collapse. “Peppermint tea should not be given to infants or very young children because the pungent fragrance can cause gagging†(Castleman, 1996). Estimated LD for menthol in humans may be as low as 2 g. Survival after doses of 8 to 9 g have been reported. I fear APA erred in saying that it took 1 g/kg body weight menthol to be lethal in humans (APA). Estimated LD50 for peppermint oil in humans = 2000–9000 mg (2–9 g). Peppermint oil has an antispasmodic action on isolated segments of ileum (cats and rabbits) at 50 ppm (dilutions no greater than 1:20,000). Extracts (Peppermint) — Peppermint oil antagonizes the spasmogenic action of barium chloride, pilocarpine, and physostigmine. Antispasmodic action of peppermint oil is based on properties that are characteristic of calcium antagonists. Peppermint oil acts competitively with nifedepine and blocks Ca2+-exciting stimuli. It relaxes ileal longitudinal muscles, but less so than papaverine (SHT). Antiviral and carminative effects demonstrated in vivo and in vitro (PNC). Contraindications: Class 1 (AHP).“Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Not to be used in patients with achlorhydria, biliary or gallbladder obstruction, or gallstones. Concentrated oil may induce dermatosis, flushing and headache, if rubbed on profusely or inhaled. Leaf contains much astringent tannin that can damage the liver and intestine with prolonged use (PED). Commission E reports contraindications for EO: biliary obstruction or inflammation, and severe liver damage. Since the more widely used tea (Camellia sinensis) often contains twice as much tannin as peppermint, this recommendation should be doubly pertinent under tea, or maybe we should name these tannins the more glamorous “OPCs, polyphenols, and pycnogenols†and declare them antioxidant good guys instead of hepatotoxic bad guys (JAD). Rats receiving 100 mg/day peppermint oil develop dose-related brain lesions. Because of its ability to relax GI smooth muscles, peppermint oil may sometimes worsen symptoms of hiatal hernia. Coated pills opening too soon (in stomach) may cause gastralgia and heartburn. Excessive ingestion of the oil is associated with acute renal failure and interstitial nephrosis. Menthol reactions include reported cases of urticaria, allergic cheilitis, stomatosis, and rarely, shaking chills from use of topical menthol products. GI complaints due to use of peppermint preparations include stomatosis, severe esophagitis, gastrosis, unexplained diarrhea, and pancreatitis. Menthol in nasal preparations may cause spasm of the glottis in young children (AEH). Should not be inhaled by small children (AEH). Mentholcontaining ointments applied to an infant’s nostrils have produced immediate collapse. “Peppermint tea should not be given to infants or very young children because the pungent fragrance can cause gagging†(Castleman, 1996). Estimated LD for menthol in humans may be as low as 2 g. Survival after doses of 8 to 9 g have been reported. I fear APA erred in saying that it took 1 g/kg body weight menthol to be lethal in humans (APA). Estimated LD50 for peppermint oil in humans = 2000–9000 mg (2–9 g). Peppermint oil has an antispasmodic action on isolated segments of ileum (cats and rabbits) at 50 ppm (dilutions no greater than 1:20,000). Extracts (Peppermint) — Peppermint oil antagonizes the spasmogenic action of barium chloride, pilocarpine, and physostigmine. Antispasmodic action of peppermint oil is based on properties that are characteristic of calcium antagonists. Peppermint oil acts competitively with nifedepine and blocks Ca2+-exciting stimuli. It relaxes ileal longitudinal muscles, but less so than papaverine (SHT). Antiviral and carminative effects demonstrated in vivo and in vitro (PNC). |
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| PERILLA | Perilla frutescens | |
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Synonyms: Dentidia nankinensis Lour., Ocimum frutescens L., Perilla arguta Benth., P. frutescens var. japonica (Hassk.) H. Hara, P. nankinensis (Lour.) Decne., P. ocimoides L. Actions: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor (1; HH3); Allergenic (f; PH2); Analgesic (f; CRC); Antibacterial (1; PH2); Anticancer (1; PH2); Antidote (f; CRC); Antidote, crab (f; PH2); Antidote, fish (f; PH2); Antimelanomic (1; HH3); Antinephrotic (1; X11270716); Antioxidant (1; CRC); Antiproliferant (1; X11270716); Antipyretic (f; CRC); Antiseptic (1; CRC; PH2; WOI); Antispasmodic (f; CRC; FAY; HHB); Antitussive (f; CRC; DAA); Antiulcer (1; HH3); Carminative (f; CRC); Cyanogenic (1; TAD); Cytotoxic (1; PH2); Diaphoretic (f; CRC; DAA); Diuretic (f; FAY); Emollient (f; DAA); Expectorant (f; CRC); Fungicide (1; WOI); Hypocholesterolemic (1; PH2); Hypotensive (1; HH3); Hypotriglyceridemic (1; PH2); Immunostimulant (f; HH3); Lipolytic (1; PH2); Pectoral (f; CRC; DAA); Peristaltic (1; PH2); Piscicide (f; CRC; HHB); Poison (1; CRC); Sedative (1; CRC; FAY; HH3; PH2); Stomachic (f; CRC; DAA); Tonic (f; CRC; DAA). Indications: Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Arthrosis (1; COX; FNF); Asthma (f; CRC; DAA; FAY); Bacteria (1; PH2); Bite (f; FAY); Bronchosis (f; CRC; DAA; FAY); Cancer (1; COX; FNF; PH2); Cancer, breast (1; HH3); Cancer, skin (1; HH3); Cataract (1; HH3); Chest (f; CRC); Childbirth (f; CRC; DAA); Chill (f; HH3; PH2); Cholera (f; CRC; DAA); Cold (f; CRC; DAA; PH2); Constipation (f; FAY); Cough (f; CRC; FAY; PH2); Cramp (1; CRC; FAY; HHB); Dyspepsia (f; CRC; FAY); Dyspnea (f; DAA; PH2); Edema (1; FAY); Enterosis (f; DAA); Escherichia (1; HH3); Fever (1; CRC; DAA; FAY; PH2); Flu (f; CRC; DAA); Fungus (1; WOI); Glomerulonephrosis (1; X11270716); Gout (1; FNF); Headache (f; CRC; DAA; FAY; PH2); Heatstroke (f; CRC); Hiccup (f; FAY); High Blood Pressure (1; HH3); High Cholesterol (1; PH2); High Triglycerides (1; PH2); Immunodepression (f; HH3); Infection (1; CRC; FAY; PH2; WOI); Insomnia (1; CRC; FAY; HH3; PH2); Malaria (f; CRC); Mastosis (1; FAY; HH3); Melanoma (1; HH3); Morning Sickness (f; FAY; LMP); Mucososis (f; PH2); Mycosis (1; WOI); Nausea (f; CRC; DAA; HH3); Nephrosis (1; TAD; X11270716); Nervousness (1; CRC; FAY; HH3; PH2); Obesity (f; PH2); Pain (f; CRC); Pregnancy (f; CRC); Pulmonosis (f; CRC; FAY); Respirosis (f; DAA); Rheumatism (1; COX; CRC); Rhinosis (f; PH2); Salmonella (1; HH3); Sclerosis (f; TAD); Snakebite (f; FAY); Spasm (f; CRC); Spermatorrhea (f; DAA); Splenosis (f; HH3); Staphylococcus (1; FAY); Stomatosis (f; PH2); Streptococcus (1; HH3); Swelling (1; FAY; PH2); Ulcer (1; HH3); Uterosis (f; CRC; FAY); Vibrio (1; HH3); Wart (1; FAY); Wound (f; FAY). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PHR). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Isolated furan can cause lung lesions in animals, grazing cattle may develop emphysema (FAY). Perillaldehyde may be mutagenic, perilla ketone may be edemagenic. Methanol extracts are sedative perhaps due to the combined effect of perillaldehyde and stigmasterol (HH3). The ethanolic leaf extract with the dihydroxyphenylethenyl esters of caffeic acid at IC50’s 0.021–0.124 μg/ml, cf. allopurinol at 0.021. Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PHR). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Isolated furan can cause lung lesions in animals, grazing cattle may develop emphysema (FAY). Perillaldehyde may be mutagenic, perilla ketone may be edemagenic. Methanol extracts are sedative perhaps due to the combined effect of perillaldehyde and stigmasterol (HH3). The ethanolic leaf extract with the dihydroxyphenylethenyl esters of caffeic acid at IC50’s 0.021–0.124 μg/ml, cf. allopurinol at 0.021. |
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| PETROLEUM PLANT | Euphorbia tirucalli | |
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Synonyms: E. laro Drake. Actions: Allergenic (1; CRC); Antiseptic (1; CRC); Antitumor (1; CRC); Avicide (f; CRC); Carcinogen (1; JFM); Emetic (f; CRC; WBB); Insecticide (f; WBB); Insectifuge (f; CRC); Laxative (f; CRC); Piscicide (f; WBB); Poison (1; CRC); Rubefacient (f; WBB). Indications: Abscess (f; CRC); Asthma (f; CRC); Bite (f; WBB); Cancer (1; CRC); Carcinoma (f; CRC); Chancre (f; CRC); Childbirth (f; CRC); Colic (f; CRC); Constipation (f; CRC); Cough (f; CRC); Dandruff (f; CRC); Dermatosis (f; CRC); Earache (f; CRC); Epithelioma (f; CRC); Fracture (f; CRC); Gastrosis (f; CRC); Impotence (f; CRC; WBB); Infection (1; CRC); Infertility (f; CRC); Leprosy (f; CRC); Neuralgia (f; CRC); Osteosis (f; CRC); Pain (f; CRC); Paralysis (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; CRC); Sarcoma (f; CRC); Snakebite (f; WBB); Staphylococcus (1; CRC); Swelling (f; CRC); Syphilis (f; CRC); Toothache (f; CRC); Tumor (1; CRC); VD (f; CRC); Wart (f; CRC). Dosage: Contraindications: |
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| PEYOTE | Lophophora williamsii | |
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Synonyms: Echinocactus williamsii Lem. ex Salm-Dyck Actions: Analgesic (f; CRC; DEM); Antiseptic (f; CRC); Antispasmodic (1; HHB); Asthmatic (1; HHB); Bradycardic (1; HHB); Cardiotonic (f; CRC; EFS); CNS Depressant (1; HHB); Emetic (1; PHR; PH2); Hallucinogen (1; CRC; DEM; PHR; PH2); Hypoglycemic (1; CRC); Hypotensive (f; HHB); Intoxicant (1; CRC); Lactagogue (f; CRC); Narcotic (1; CRC); Panacea (f; DEM); Poison (f; CRC); Psychedelic (f; CRC); Respiradepressant (1; HHB); Sedative (f; CRC); Stimulant (f; EFS); Sympathomimetic (1; HHB); Tonic (f; CRC); Vasodilator (1; HHB). Indications: Alcoholism (f; CRC); Angina (f; CRC; HHB); Arthrosis (f; CRC); Backache (f; CRC); Bruise (f; DEM); Burn (f; CRC); Cancer (f; JLH); Cold (f; DEM); Corn (f; CRC; JLH); Cough (f; HHB); Cramp (1; HHB); Enterosis (f; DEM); Fever (f; CRC; DEM); Headache (f; CRC); Heatstroke (f; CRC); High Blood Pressure (f; HHB); Hunger (f; CRC); Hyperglycemia (1; CRC); Insomnia (f; CRC); Nervousness (f; CRC); Pain (f; CRC; DEM); Rheumatism (f; CRC; DEM; HHB); Scarlet Fever (f; DEM); Snakebite (f; CRC; HHB); Stomachache (1; HHB); Thirst (f; CRC); Throat (f; CRC); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); VD (f; DEM); Wound (f; DEM; HHB). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). May cause aural, kinesthetic, synesthetic, and visual hallucinations (PH2). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). May cause aural, kinesthetic, synesthetic, and visual hallucinations (PH2). |
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| PHEASANT’S EYE | Adonis vernalis | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (f; CRC); Anticardiotonic (f; PNC); Diuretic (f; PNC); Positive Inotropic (2; KOM; PH2); Venotonic (1; KOM). Indications: Arrhythmia (2; PHR; PH2); Cardiopathy (2; KOM; PHR; PH2); Cramp (f; PHR; PH2); Dehydration (f; PHR; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (f; PHR; PH2); Fever (f; PHR; PH2); Nervousness (1; KOM; PH2); Neuropathy (1; PHR); Pain (f; CRC). Dosage: Not covered (AHP). Contraindicated with digitalis glycosides and potassium deficiency (KOM; PH2). Heart disorders, nausea, and vomiting in overdoses (KOM; PH2). Can potentiate calcium saluretics, glucocorticoids (extended therapy), laxatives, and quinidine (KOM). “Should be used only under medical supervision†(PNC). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP). Contraindicated with digitalis glycosides and potassium deficiency (KOM; PH2). Heart disorders, nausea, and vomiting in overdoses (KOM; PH2). Can potentiate calcium saluretics, glucocorticoids (extended therapy), laxatives, and quinidine (KOM). “Should be used only under medical supervision†(PNC). |
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| PHYLLANTHUS | Phyllanthus niruri | |
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Synonyms: P. amarus, P. debilis, P. fraternus and P. niruri are confused in the field and in the literature, and in this account too (true confession). The PH2 entries were under “black catnip†as P. amarus, with the warning “may be confused with Phyllanthus urinaria, P. niruri, P. debilis, and P. fraternus†(PH2). MPI data were applied to P. fraternus, KAB data to P. niruri L. HH3 recognized P. amarus and P. niruri among the similar species. Actions: Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor (1; 60P); Amebicide (1; ZUL); Analgesic (f; DAV); Antialcoholic (1; KEB); Antibacterial (1; HH2; TRA; WOI; ZUL); Anticancer (1; KAB); Antihepatomic (1; KEB); Antileukemic (1; KAB); Antipyretic (1; DAV; KAB; MPI; SKJ; TRA); Antiseptic (1; MPI; PH2; WOI); Antispasmodic (1; DAV; KAB; MPI; TRA); Antiviral (1; KEB; PH2; SKY; TRA); Aperitif (f; DAV); Astringent (f; KAB; SKJ); Bitter (1; KAB; MPI; PH2);Carminative (f; DAV); Deobstruent (f; SKJ); Depurative (f; JFM); Digestive (f; DAV); Diuretic (1; HHB; JFM; KAB; SKJ; WOI); DNA-Polymerase-Inhibitor (f; SKY); Emmenagogue (f; DAV); Fungicide (1; ZUL); Hepatoprotective (1; DAV; KAB; KEB; TRA); HIV-RT- Inhibitor (1; KEB); Hypoglycemic (1; DAV; KAB; KEB; MPI; TRA); Lactagogue (f; KAP; WOI); Laxative (f; DAV; KAB); Piscicide (1; WOI); Protein-Kinase-Inhibitor (1; HH2); Protisticide (1; ZUL); Sedative (f; 60P); Snakebite (f; HH2); Stomachic (f; SKJ); Tonic (f; DAV; KAB); Vermifuge (1; DAV; ZUL). Indications: Acne (f; JFM); Alcoholism (1; KEB); Ameba (1; ZUL); Amenorrhea (f; 60P); Anorexia (f; DAV); Ascites (f; PH2); Bacteria (1; HH2; TRA; WOI; ZUL); Biliousness (f; JFM); Blackhead (f; JFM); Blennorrhagia (f; DAV); Calculus (f; JFM); Cancer (1; JLH; KAB; MPI); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Colic (f; DAV; JFM; PH2; WOI); Conjunctivosis (f; HH3); Constipation (f; DAV; KAB; KAP; PH2); Cramp (1; DAV; KAB; MPI; PH2; TRA); Debility (f; HH3); Dermatosis (f; JFM; KAP); Diabetes (f; DAV; JFM; KAB; KEB; MPI; PH2); Diarrhea (f; PH2; WOI); Dropsy (f; DAV; MPI; SKJ); Dysentery (f; DAV; MPI; PH2; SKJ); Dyspepsia (f; MPI; WOI); Dysuria (f; JFM; KAP); Edema (f; JFM; KAP; MPI; SKJ); Enterosis (f; JFM; JLH); Escherichia (1; HH3); Fever (1; DAV; HHB; KAB; MPI; PH2; SKJ; TRA); Flu (f; DAV); Fungus (1; MPI; ZUL); Gallstone (f; HH3); Gastrosis (f; HHB; JFM; PH2); Gonorrhea (f; HH3; MPI; SKJ); Gout (f; JFM); Gravel (f; JFM; 60P); Hepatosis (2; KEB; MPI; SKY); Herpes (1; HH3); High Cholesterol (1; 60P); HIV (1; ABS); Hyperglycemia (1; DAV; KAB; KEB; MPI; TRA); Hyperuricemia (f; JFM); Infection (1; MPI; PH2; ZUL); Infertility (f; PH2); Insomnia (f; 60P); Itch (f; DAV; KAP); Jaundice (2; DEP; HHB; HH3; KEB; MPI; SKY); Leukemia (1; KAB; MPI); Malaria (f; DAV; DEP; KAB; HH3; PH2); Menorrhagia (f; KAP; MPI); Mycosis (1; MPI; ZUL); Nephrosis (f; DAV; JFM); Nervousness (f; 60P); Ophthalmia (f; KAP; MPI; PH2; WOI); Ovary (f; JFM); Pain (f; DAV); Parasite (1; ZUL); Prostatosis (f; DAV); Prolapse (f; JFM); Pulmonosis (f; 60P); Ringworm (1; ZUL); Scabies (1; DEP; KAB; PH2; ZUL); Snakebite (f; HH3); Sore (f; DEP; MPI; PH2; WOI); Staphylococcus (1; HH3; 60P); Stomachache (f; DAV); Stone (f; HH3); Swelling (f; KAB; MPI; SKJ); Tachycardia (f; PH2); Tenesmus (f; DAV); Tumor (f; JLH); Ulcer (f; JFM; SKJ; 60P); Urogenitosis (f; DEP; KAB; MPI; PH2); UTI (f; SKJ); Vaginosis (f; DAV); VD (f; KAB; HH3); Virus (1; HH3; KAB; KEB; PH2; SKY; TRA); Womb (f; JFM); Worm (1; DAV; ZUL); Wound (f; PH2). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PNC). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). None reported (SKY). Extracts (Phyllanthus) — Alcoholic extracts bactericidal to Escherichia coli and Micrococcus pyogenes (WOI). Lignans are hepatoprotective in vitro (KEB). Aqueous extracts (with repandusinic acid A) inhibit HIV-RT in vitro. Aqueous extracts are comparable to tolbutamide as oral hypoglycemic (ZUL). LD50 dry aqueous whole plant extract 3300 mg/kg ipr mouse (HH3). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM; PNC). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). None reported (SKY). Extracts (Phyllanthus) — Alcoholic extracts bactericidal to Escherichia coli and Micrococcus pyogenes (WOI). Lignans are hepatoprotective in vitro (KEB). Aqueous extracts (with repandusinic acid A) inhibit HIV-RT in vitro. Aqueous extracts are comparable to tolbutamide as oral hypoglycemic (ZUL). LD50 dry aqueous whole plant extract 3300 mg/kg ipr mouse (HH3). |
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| PICRORHIZA | Picrorhiza kurrooa | |
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Synonyms: Actions: Analgesic (1; KEB); Antiaging (f; PM8:125); Antiaggregant (1; APA; KEB); Antiallergic (1; KEB); Antiasthmatic (1; APA; HH3; PH2); Antibacterial (f; PH2); Antihistaminic (1; HH3); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; KEB; PH2; PM8:125); Antileishmanic (1; KEB); Antioxidant (1; KEB; PM8:125); Antiperiodic (f; WOI); Antipyretic (f; KAB); Antiradicular (1; KEB); Antiseptic (f; PH2); Antistress (f; PM8:125); Antithromboxane (1; KEB); Antitumor (1; APA); Antiviral (2; APA; HH3); Bitter (1; DEP; KEB; SUW); Bronchospasmolytic (1; PH2); Cardiotonic (f; KAB); Cerebrotonic (f; KAB; PM8:125); Cholagogue (f; KAP; WOI); Choleretic (1; APA; HH3; KEB; PH2); Emetic (f; PH2); Emmenagogue (f; KAB); Expectorant (f; KAB);Gastrostimulant (f; SKJ); Hepatoprotective (1; APA; KEB; PH2); Hepatotoxic (1; KEB); Hypocholesterolemic (1; KAP); Immunomodulator (f; PM8:125); Immunostimulant (1; HH3; KEB; PH2); Insecticide (1; PH2); Laxative (f; DEP; KAP; SUW; WOI); Lipolytic (f; APA); Mast Cell Stabilizer (1; KEB); Orexigenic (f; KAB); Pectoral (f; KAB); Phagocytotic (1; KEB); Stomachic (f; DEP; KAB; KAP; SUW; WOI); Tonic (1; DEP; KAB; KAP; KEB); Vermifuge (f; KAB). Indications: Ague (f; DEP); Allergy (1; KEB); Anemia (f; KAP); Anorexia (1; HH3; SKJ); Arthrosis (f; KAB; PH2; SKJ); Asthma (2; APA; HH3; KAP; KEB; PH2); Autoimmune Disease (1; KEB); Bacteria (1; PH2); Biliousness (f; DEP; KAB; KAP); Bite (f; KAB); Bronchosis (1; KAP; PH2); Cancer (1; APA); Carbuncle (f; PH2); Cholecystosis (f; PH2); Constipation (f; APA; DEP; KAP; PH2; SUW; WOI); Cough (f; HH3; PH2); Diarrhea (f; APA; SKJ); Dropsy (f; DEP; KAP; WOI); Dysentery (f; HH3; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (f; HH3; KAB; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; APA; DEP; KAP; SUW); Dysuria (f; KAB); Elephantiasis (f; KAP); Enterosis (f; PH2); Epilepsy (f; KAB; PH2); Fever (f; DEP; KAB; KAP; PH2; SUW); Flu (f; SKJ); Gastrosis (f; HH3; PH2); Gingivosis (f; KAB); Hemorrhoid (f; KAB; PH2); Hepatosis (1; APA; HH3; KAB; KAP; KEB; PH2); Hiccup (f; KAB); High Cholesterol (1; KAP); Hyperemia (f; PH2); Immunodepression (1; HH3; KEB; PH2); Infection (2; APA; HH3; KEB; PH2); Inflammation (1; APA; KAB; KEB; PH2; PM8:125); Jaundice (f; KAB; KAP; PH2; SKJ); Leishmaniasis (1; APA; KEB); Leukoderma (1; HH3; KAB; PH2); Malaria (f; DEP; KAP; WOI); Mushroom Poisoning (1; APA); Odontosis (f; KAB); Osteoarthrosis (2; KEB); Pain (1; KAB; KAP; KEB); Psoriasis (2; KEB); Pulmonosis (f; APA); Rheumatism (1; KEB); Scabies (f; KAB; PH2); Senility (f; PM8:125); Snakebite (f; APA; KAP; PH2); Splenosis (f; DEP; KAP); Spondylosis (2; KEB); Sting (f; SUW); Strain (f; PH2); Stress (f; PM8:125); Tumor (1; APA); Virus (2; APA; FNF; HH3); Vitiligo (2; KEB; PH2); Worm (f; KAB). Dosage: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Bitterness is intolerable to some. May cause skin rash. Cucurbitacins may induce diarrhea, gas, and griping (KEB). Extracts (Picrorhiza) — Picroliv, an extract of Picrorhiza, is hailed as a powerful liver protector, is in Phase II human clinical trials in India, and it does protect the liver. StX or the herb itself controls asthma, fights viruses, protects rats from chemical liver damage, reduces inflammation, and importantly, stimulates the immune system and stimulates liver growth in rats that have had portions of their liver removed (APA). Some studies find Picroliv more potent than silymarin as a liver protectant. Kutkin is comparable, if not superior, to silybinin for Amanita poisoning. “The activity of Picroliv (a standardized extract containing a total of 60% picroside I and kutkoside) was found in many of the tests to be comparable or superior to silymarin from Silybum marianum†(KEB). LD 10,000 mg/kg (HH3). LD50 cucurbitacin-B 10.9 mg/kg orl mouse (HH3). Contraindications: Not covered (AHP; KOM). “Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages†(PH2). Bitterness is intolerable to some. May cause skin rash. Cucurbitacins may induce diarrhea, gas, and griping (KEB). Extracts (Picrorhiza) — Picroliv, an extract of Picrorhiza, is hailed as a powerful liver protector, is in Phase II human clinical trials in India, and it does protect the liver. StX or the herb itself controls asthma, fights viruses, protects rats from chemical liver damage, reduces inflammation, and importantly, stimulates the immune system and stimulates liver growth in rats that have had portions of their liver removed (APA). Some studies find Picroliv more potent than silymarin as a liver protectant. Kutkin is comparable, if not superior, to silybinin for Amanita poisoning. “The activity of Picroliv (a standardized extract containing a total of 60% picroside I and kutkoside) was found in many of the tests to be comparable or superior to silymarin from Silybum marianum†(KEB). LD 10,000 mg/kg (HH3). LD50 cucurbitacin-B 10.9 mg/kg orl mouse (HH3). |
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